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A m e r i c a n a ) ; and “ up and downe in the woods,” among other fruits, “ walnuts” ( J u g l a n s c in e r e a ) ,
and “ smalnuts ” ( C a r y a g l a b r a ) . The natives “ generally professe to like well of our coming and planting
h e re ; partly because there is abundance of ground that they cannot possesse nor make use of,
and partly because our being here will bee a meanes of relief to them when they want, ancl also a
defence from their enemies.” They “ will come into our houses ” sometimes “ half a score at a time
when we are at victuals, but will ask or take nothing but what we give them.” We “ neither iear
them nor trust th em ;” but “ use them k in d ly : ” and “ purpose to learn their language.” Their
“ haire is generally blacke, and cut before,” and “ one locke longer than the rest, much like to onr
gentlemen, which fashion ” (wearing the q u e u e ) “ I thinke came from hence into England.”
In addition to plants already mentioned as introduced by the colonists into New England, Higgeson
states. That the governor had “ g r e e n p e a s e growing in his garden.”
“ In this year a lso ” (Poole introd. Wond. Prov. xxii), publication of White’s “ Planter’s Plea ; ”
a work on New England.
“ July 6 th ” (Prince, and Plolmes), arrival in Massachusetts Bay of John Winthrop, governor of
of the “ two kinds of flowers very sweet, which they say are good to make cordage,” observed by Plig-
geson near Salem : — but not known to grow nearer than Middleton Lake, where it was pointed out
to me by Mr. Oakes.
Q u e r c u s b i c o l o r of Northeast America. The s w a m p w h i t e - o a k , probably the fourth sort of
“ o k e ” seen by Higgeson around Salem : — the frame-timbers of a house erected in 1652. recorded
as of “ swamp white oak,” continue sound, and 0. bicolor has been observed by myseif in the immediate
vicinity of Salem: by F. A. Michaux, from Lake Champlain and 43° on the Atlantic to Lake
Ontario and the Western States ; by Darlington, to 40° near West Chester, P en n s .; by Schweinitz,
and Nuttall, at 36° in Upper Carolina; and by Nuttall, and Pitcher, on the Arkansas.
V e r o n i c a A m e r i c a n a of North America. Closely resembling V. beccabunga, but given as distinct
; clearly the “ brookelime ” seen by Higgeson near Salem ; — observed by myself in the outlet
of Mineral-spring Lake, possibly where it was seen by Higgeson : by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to
Virginia; and by Conrad, near Philadelphia; and according to Hooker grows throughout Canada to
Fort Norway. (Compare V . beccabunga.)
P y c n a z i t h e m u m m u t i c u m of Northeast America. An aromatic Labiate, perhaps the “ winter-
saverie ” seen by Higgeson around Salem : — the specimen marked “ satureja virginica” in the Lin-
nman herbarium, is referred here with some doubt by Bentham; P. muticum has been observed by
myself from 42° 30' in the environs of Salem ; and according to A. Gray, grows from “ Maine to Ohio,
Kentucky, and southward; ” was observed by Drummond at 40° near Wes t Chester, and on the Mississippi
near St. Louis (Benth.) ; by Michaux, in Upper Carolina (Pers.), and by Schweinitz at 36°;
by Chapman, “ Florida to Mississippi, and northward;” by Short, in Kentucky; by Nuttall, on the
Arkansas.
P y c n a n t h e n m m l a n c e o l a t u m of Northeast America. Possibly the “ wintersaverie ” seen by
Higgeson near Salem : — observed by myself from 45° in Northern New York to and beyond Salem ;
by A. Gray, “ common” in central New York ; by Torrey, as far as 41° on the Hudson ; by Michaux,
on the mountains of Pennsylvania and Upper Carolina (Pers., and Benth.) ; and by Short, in
Kentucky.
S a l i x c o r d a t a of Northeast America. Arborescent, with lanceolate leaves heart-shaped at the
base only, possibly the “ willow” seen by Higgeson around Salem, and its wood commended: —
observed there by myself, and from 47° 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40° along the Atlantic ; by
Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania; by Pursh, from New York to Virginia; by J. Carey, and A. Gray,
on “ inundated banks of rivers, and low meadows, common,” becoming “ a small tree six to fifteen feet
high.”
S a l i x l u c i d a of Northeast America. Arborescent, with shining foliage, possibly the “ willow”
whose wood is commended by Higgeson : — observed by myself from 47“ 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence
to the vicinity of Salem; by Torrey, to 41° on the Hudson ; by Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania;
by F. A. Michaux, in the Northern and Middle States ; by Pursh, from New York to Virginia ; by
J. Carey, and A. Gray, on “ overflowed banks of streams, rather common,” “ sometimes becoming a
small bushy tree of twelve to fifteen feet.”
S a l i x d i s c o l o r of Northeast America. Arborescent, with leaves glaucous beneath, possibly the
“ willow” seen by Higgeson: — observed by myself from 47° 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to the
vicinity of Salem; by W. Barton, as far as 40°; by Collins, in Northern New York ; by Muhlenberg,
in New York and Pennsylvania; by Pursh, from New England to Carolina (Ell.) ; by J. Carey, and
A. Gray, “ low meadows and river-banks, common, a large shrub or small tree, eight to fifteen feet
high.”
O F A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 947
Char/estffi/ , ffi ? « Proceeding to the head of the Bay, he landed at Misliawum or
t r t r ver Tffii “ , " f f i " ' ™ Shawraut across
there- A e '"® Wood), several persons settled
s changed to Boston. Thomas Morton had returned to New England- but “ Nov cath ” a
ilf fif fi/ t l fi/e affiffis"" "ró°®®'®®‘y ‘®"™"S fr® - r iv e s , and especially supply’ing
»r-,nffiiffi-‘’ " / ® r f ' ” — ri Holmes), by Robert Heath, attorney general of kin» Charles a
L ffie f fic r r ffia n i’ffi-ffiffiffiTi^°“ ‘ ’’ ^'®g'''ri" “ from the thirty-sixth degree” of Latitude, nnder tLe
was declared to have bec ffinr ffird " ’' ™ his patent
“ 1631, March 19th” (Trumbull, and Holmes), a grant of that part of New England extending
bom Nairagansrt nver one hundred and twenty miles on a straight line along the coast, and Westward
ciates - hp confirmation by king Charles, made over to viscount Say and Seal and his asso-
C .a te£ b em g the original charter for Connecticut. - A governor was sent over in 1635.
The same year-'’ (Chalmers, and Holmes), George Calvert Lord Baltimore, visitin» the Chesare
p r ta u ffi f f i L " ffi'" ffiri formed no settlements North of the Potomac, obtained on
# p li£ t io n to king Charles a charter for Maryland ; but died before the formalities could be comp
le te# The chartor was issued m the following year to his son Cecilius Calvert.
Hudsnnffi Pn i f f i ' I “ 'fe riiscovery by Thomas James of the Southern prolongation of
" “ ‘" 'f t 3' 1».
“ 1632, March 17th ” (Chalmers, and Holmes), treaty of St. Germain, by wliich the English conquests
a r t # im s on Acadie, New France, and Canada, were ceded to Louis X I I I . of France - The
source of a long tram of colonial difficulties.
T , the colonists on Charles river in want of food, but found
some relief m wild onions [ A l h n i i i C cm a d e j i s e ) and other herbs *
“ June 14th” (M Russell p. 291), proclamation of Socinios restoring to the Abyssinians their
han’iffie / “ ffi ffi favour of his son Facilidas. The Catholic missionaries were now
banished and excluded from Abyssinia ; an abuna consecrated at Alexandria being already on his wav
to resume the ecclesiastical government. ^
at Ddhffi'^ (Tfrike and Lutrow), in Hindustan, building of the Jamna mosque
“ # 33’ "7fr ? (Chaim., and Holmes), pursuant to the treaty of St. Germain, the trading house
of the Plymouth colonists at Penobscot seized and plundered by the French. Forts were now hfstened
and remnmnced a # o s to n and Nantasket; and the planting of Agawam (Ipswich) was also hastened
\ e s t the French should get possession. “ October,” the frame of a house taken in a vessel up thè
Conrecticut nver, notwithstanding menaces from a Dutch fort, and set up about a mile beyond - bein»
the first house erected 111 Connecticut. »»yunu . uem,,
emiffiffi-ffi " ‘ 'f f i a y ""ri Holmes), by the English government alarmed at the increase of
eniigiation, an Order of the council, to stay several ships in the Thames.
1- 1 - ' ffi fr” '" f f i " ' ” ffiP®®"S-- Winckler). after his Itin. Cant. “ in 1632,” Thomas Johnston pub-
lisrtig- his edition of G e r a r d e .f -H e published his Mercur. bot. from “ 1634-41,” and died “ in
* A n j o l y z a Æ t h i o p i c a of Mistral Africa. Transported to Europe, first flowered in this year at
aiLs / o in u t i pl 79) ; described also by Lmnæus, and Andrews repos, pl. 210. Known to »row
wild m Austra A L .ca (Thunb. prodr. p. 7, and Pers.). By European colonists, recently introduce/
by the way of the Cape of Good Hope mto Hindustan (Graham)
A m a r y l l i s f a l c a t a of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe, cultivated at this time at Paris -
and named • narcissu.s pumilus polyanthos ” by Cornuti pl. 154; described also bv Linnæns, Jacq’uiii
pffirs’ ) ” ' Hentier sert. 13, ancl Ker. Known to grow wild in Austral Africa (Thunb., and
H y p o x h s t e l l a t a of Austral Africa. Transported to Paris about this tim e .-a c co rd in g to Cornuti
0 165 and named by him “ sisynnchium Robini ; ” described al.so by Miller. Linnæus, Jacquin rar ii
pl. 368, and Andiews pl. tot. Known to grow wild in Austral Africa (Thunb. and Pers )
t P e l a r g o n i u m t r i s t e of Austral Africa. Transportecl to Europe, termed’ “ geraninm'triste ” by
T. Jolmston (Ger. emend.),-- described-al.so by Cornuti pl. n o ancl p. 122, Linnæus. and Cavanilles iv.
pi. 107. known to grow wild m Austral Africa, its tuberous roots said to be eaten by the natives
Ihe flowers odorous at night (Pers.).
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