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“ March” (Nouv. Esp.), Humboldt and Bonpland arriving in Mexico, meeting with* Quercus
confertifolia, crassifolia, crassipes, depressa, lanceolaia, laurina, obtusata, pulchella, repanda, reticu- .
lata, Xalapensis (Brendel), Lobelia fulgens.
“ In this year ” (title-page), after his Fragm. nat. hist. Penns. “ in 1799,” Benjamin S. Barton
publishing his Elements of Botany.
“ In this y e a r ” (Ph ), Willdenow publishing his Hort. berolin, enumerating Polygonatum
giganteum 45.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pers. ii. p. 542), returning from Lapland, Wahlenberg publishing descriptions
of Carices in Act. holm., including Carex salina, aquatilis, tenuifiora, livida.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Ventenat publishing his Hort. malmais., enumerating Parnassia
asarifolia, Tilia heterophylla, Tiarella biternata : — “ in 1808 ” his Decas gen. nov., and died before
the close of the year.
“ In this year ” (append Sibth.), publication of the first volume of the Ann. mus. d’hist. nat.
About this time (Pers. i. p. 88, and-Winckl), Poiteau visiting Hayti : f writing also his monogr.
Hypt. (ann. mus. ined. to Iv., and Pers. ii. p. 120).
Hyptis atrorubens of Tropical America. Known to grow wild in Cayenne (Pers.) ; and from
transported specimens described by Poiteau.— By European colonists, was carried across the
Atlantic to Sierra Leone (Benth., and fl. Nigr.).
Hyptis brevipes of Tropical America. Known to grow wild there (A. Dec.). Described by
Poiteau. — By European colonists, was carried across the Pacific to the Philippines (Benth.), Celebes,
Bouton near Pulo-Penang (herb. Dec.), Java (Zoll ), and across the Atlantic to Fernando Po
(fl. Nigr.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh), after his Astragal, “ in 1800,” Pallas publishing his Illustr. plant.
“ April 3cth ” (Holmes), through president Jefferson, Louisiana purchased of the French republic
for “ fifteen million dollars.”
“ In th is'year” (J. E. Smith), publication of the Annal. du M u s .; — continued in twenty volumes.
“ 1804 Jan. 1st.” (Maunder), the French troops having finally abandoned Hayti, accession of
Dessalines to the supreme authority, under the title of “ emperor.”
“ The same year = 9th ” of the emperor Kia-king (Pauth. 488), beginning of the seventy-fifth
Chinese cycle.
“ In this y ear” (app. Sibth., and W in ck l), Brotero publishing his Flor. Lusitan.J
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Aubert du Petit-Thouars publishing his Gen. nov. Maurit. et Mad-
agasc. ; — “ in 1811,” his Melang, bot. et voy.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl), A. Afzelius publishing his Plant. Guineens.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl), Palisot de Beauvois publishing his Flor. d’Oware et de Benin, — completed
“ in 1807.”
Coleus? Africanus of Western Equatorial Africa. Observed there by Beauvois (A. Dec.), and
known to be frequent from Guinea to the island of Saint-Thomas (fl. Nigr.). By European colonists,
was carried to Brazil, observed near Bahia by Gardner, and Blanchet.
As early as this year (Willd. sp. pl. iii. p. 2035), Aster sagittifolius observed or received by
Wedemeyer from North America.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Lewis and Clark ascending the Missouri, on their way overland to the
Pacific, meeting with Veronica reniformis, Salvia trichostemoides, Airopsis brevifolia, Festuca spicata,
Oxybaphus ovatus, Swertia fastigiata, Elaeagnus argentea, Shepherdia argentea, Phacelia lineariSy
Ipomopsis aggregala, Ceanothus sanguineus, Fritillaria púdica, Lilium umbellatum, Oenothera caespitosa,
Jussieua subacaulis, Bartonia ornata, Atriplex canescens, Linaria tenella, Mimulus Lewisii,
Atalanta serrulata, Malva coccinea, Amorpha microphylla, Lupinus p u s illu s ; Psoralea tenuiflora.
* Cosmos caudatus oi Mexico. Ob.served there by Humboldt and Bonpland — (A. Dec.). By
European colonists was carried to Ceylon about 1822, observed by Gardner a frequent weed, spreading
in all directions (bot. mag. for 1848).
\ Hvptis spicata of Tropical America. Observed by Poiteau on Hayti; — by N. A. Ware, in
Southern Florida (Nutt.) ; and by myself, along roadsides in Brazil and in the outskirts of Rio
Janeiro. Clearly by European colonists, was carried across the Pacific to the Marian Islands and
the Philippines (Benth.), was observed by myself on Mindanao.
J Soliva nasturliifolia of the Lower La Plata. Known to grow in the district around Buenos-
Ayres (A. Dec.). Transported to Europe, ob.served by Brotero naturalized in Portugal and termed
“ hippia stolonifera” (Pers., and R. Brown) ; termed “ gymno.styles nasturtiifolia ” by A. L. Jussieu
in ann. mus. iv. pl, 61. f. 2 — (Pers., and Winckler). Also by European colonists was carried to
Northeast America, observed by Nuttall in the outskirts of Charleston.
lanceolata, argophylla ; Chrysocoma graveolens, C. nauseosa; Artemisia gnaphalodes, cernua, Colum-
biensis; Brachyris sarothræ. Aster canescens, Grindelia squarrosa, Am e llu s? spinulosus, Diotis
lanata. Euphorbia marginata. Astragalus tenellus, Polygala alba (Ph. 750), — and beyond the Rocky
mountains, on the waters of the Columbia, Phacelia heterophylla. Phlox speciosa. Lonicera cihosa,
Ribes viscosissimum, R. sanguineum, R. aureum, Frángula alni^lia, Claytonia lanceolata, C. alsinoides,
Berberis nervosa, Zygadenus elegans, Trillium peiiolatum, Clarkia pulchella. Polygonum bis-
tortoides, Vaccinium ovatum, Cerastium elongatum, Sedum stenopetalum, Purshia tridentata. Spiraea
discolor, Geum ciliaium. Clematis hirsutissima, Scutellaria angustifolia, Gerardia ? fruticosa, Bartsia
tenuifolia, Dentaria tenella, Lupinus argenteus, L . sericeus, Astragalus Missouriensis, Trifohum
microcephalum, T. macrocephalum, Matricaria discoidea, Eidgeron? compositum, Trichophyllum
lanatum, Buphthalmum? sagittatum, Galardla aristata. — They returned “ in 1806.”
“ In this y e a r ” (append. Sibth., and Winckl.), Martin Vahl publishing his Enum. plant, including
Fimbristylis la xa ; Scirpus polyphyllus ( “ brunneus ” of Muhl., A . Gray). — He died before the close
of the year, — and the publication was completed “ in 1806.”
“ May 1 s t ” (Maunder, and Nicol), shortly after the seizure and execution of the duke d’Enghien,
a motion in the Tribunate for conferring on Bonaparte the rank of emperor, with hereditary succession.
The decree was adopted by the Senate. And “ Dec. 2d,” pope Pius V I I . having come to Paris,
anointed the new emperor ; who placed the crown upon his own head.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Rebentisch publishing his Prodr. flor. neomarch. ; — “ in 1805,” his
Plant, berolin.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. 173), Langsdorff with Krusenstern at the Nukuhivan
or Marquesas Islands.
“ Oct. 7 th ” (Jap, mann. 274), Krusenstern off Nagasaki bringing a Russian ambassador, count
Resanoff. After entering the port, fears of connivance between the Russians and Dutch arose among
the Japanese, and on the arrival of a commissioner from Yedo, diplomatic intercourse was refused.
“ In the beginning of 1805” (pref. p. ix), Pursh journeying through Maryland and along the
Alleghanies of Virginia and Carolina, “ returning late in the autumn through the lower countries along
the sea-coast,” meeting with Heuchera pubescens, H. hispida, Phacelia Purshii, Euphorbia obtusata,
Lophiola aurea, Schizaea pusilla, Eragrostis Purshii, Amphicarpum Purshii, Dicliptera brachiata,
Cyperus poaeformis, Woodwardia thelypteroides, Exacum pulchellum, Ceanothus perennis, Impatiens
pallida, Prinos lanceolatus, Saxifraga erosa, Silene ovata, Agrimonia suaveolens, Scutellaria nervosa,
Dielytra eximia, Aster fiexuosus, A . reticzdatus.
“ In this year ” (Pers. ii. p. 403, and Winckl ), after his Gen. plant, “ in 1802,” Leopold Trattenik
publishing his Thesaur. botan., — the 8oth and last coloured plate “ in 1819: ” his Gen. nov. plant.
“ in 1825.”
“ Oct. z i s t ” (Maunder), naval combat of Trafalgar; the French and Spanish fleets “ nearly
annihilated ” by the English under Nelson. “ Nov. 13th,” Vienna occupied by the French.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng ), Thonning and Palisot de Beauvois publishing their Flore d’Oware et
de Benin, — completed “ in 1810.”
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), publication of Vol. i. of the Persoon Synopsis Plantarum; — “ in
1807,” the second and concluding volume, completing the enumeration of nearly “ twenty-two thousand”
species (Spreng.).
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), Willdenow publishing the Fourth volume of his Sp. plant., enumeratin
g * Platanthera fissa labell. “ laciniis cuneiformibus dentatis” (M u h l) , Cypripedium candidum
(Mu hl), Carex digitalis, Scleria verticillata (Muhl.),, S a lix longifolia (Muhl.), Andropogon fiircatus
(Muhl.), Hicrochloa alpina (Swartz in litt.), Parietaria Pensffvanica (Muhl.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Erich Acharius publishing his Methodus lichenum; — “ in 1810,” his
Lichenograph. univers.; and “ in 1S14,” his Synops. method, lichenum.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), J. V . F. Lamouroux publishing Dissertations sur espèces de Fucus.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), J. B. von Albertini and L. D. von Schweinitz publishing their Con-
spect. fung. niesk.
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Gray man. bot. p. 552), Mar. Lagasca publishing descriptions of grasses,
including Boutehua hirsuta.
“ 1806 A. D .” (Jap. mann. 281), under instructions from the repelled ambassador Resanoff, two
Russian officers landing upon Saghalien, belonging to Japan, plundering villages and carrying off many
o fth e natives The Japanese government was utterly confounded, but the only immediate result was
* Acacia moliissima of Australia. From transported specimens described by Willdenow (Steud.).
By European colonists was carried to Hinclustan, where it is “ thickly sown and planted in the neighbourhood
of Ootacamund ” for firewood, but its bark “ is useful for tanning, and a tar has been obtained
from the wood” (Morgan, and Drury).
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