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Oviedo in the West Indies — (Marcgr. 94) ; by Sloane, P. Brown, and Macfadyen, wild on Jamaica,
bv Descourtilz, both wild and cultivated in the West Indies; by Splitgerber, perhaps indigenous in
the woods of Surinam ; by Martius, wild in the forest on the Lower Amazon. By rtropean colomsts,
was carried to Southern Brazil (Vellozo, A. Saint-Hil, and Mart.); and Westward across the Pacrt
to the Philippines, where it is called in Tagalo “ ates,” in Bisaya “ yates ” (Blanco) ; to the neighbouring
islands (Rumph. i. 139) ; 'o Anam and Tropical China (Lour.) ; to Bun^fe called^foere
“ au-za” (Mason); to Hindustan, observed by Rheede iii. pl. 29 _m Malabar, called there atta-
marum,” in Hindustanee “ ata,” in Bengalee “ loona” or “ meba,” in Tamil “ sita-pullum (Drm.),
in the environs of Eombav “ seeta-phul,” now “ very generally cultivated all over India, and naturrt
ized, growing “ without any care” (Graham, and Royle) ; to Eastern Equatorial Africa, observed by
mvself on Zanzibar; to Yemen, called there “ s’ferdjel hindi” Indian quince (Forsk.); to Eg £ ,
-called there “ keschta” coagulated milk (Hasselq., Forsk. p. 102, Del), and according to ClotÆey
ripenin» fruit ; to Western Equatorial Africa, occurring only under cultivation (fl. mgr. 20£ and A.
Dec.) ; and after the visit of Forster to the islands of the Paciflc, observed by myself on the Taheitian,
S am o a n , and Tongan Islands, and in Southeast Australia. •
Jairopha curcas of the Cape Verd Island.s. A large thick-stemmed shrub called physicmiui,
doubtless furnishing the “ auellanos para purgar ” seen by Oviedo nat. hyst, 80 £owing on Hayti,
but not on Terra Firma : —J. curcas was observed by Descourtilz in the West Indies, no Carib imme
o-iven by Ruiz and Pavon in Peru, by Marcgrave 97, and Martins, in-Brazil, but in foliage art habit
ippea’red to me at home on the Cape Verd Islands, especially as a corresponding species belongs to
Southern Arabia, under the same Desert climate. Possibly without European intervention, was
carried to Zanzibar, observed by myself springing up spontaneously around dwellings : to Hmdustan
observed by Graham “ a very common shrub in Bombay and about villages throughout the Concre,
used “ as a hedge plant ; ” is called in Telinga “ napalam,” in Bengalee “ baghbarinda,” and according
to Roxburrt, oil is expressed from its seeds, and its “ leaves warmed and rubbed with castor oil
are applied by the natives to promote suppuration : to Burmah, observed by Mason v. 509 “
planted tbr hedges, and its juice dyeing linen black : to the Philippines, called in Tagalo “ tuba, m
Ylocano “ tavatava,” on Gilolo “ casia,” but according to the natives unknown in former times
(Blanco) ; to China, its oil according to Lindley “ boiled with oxyde of iron forms a varnish used by
the Chinese for covering boxes ; ” its seeds or nuts are powerfully cathartic.
“ 1526 A, D.” (Prior), Treveris publishing his Grete plerbal.
“ March loth,” the Description of North Africa by Leo Africanus completed. ^
¿■rorf/«;« of the Egyptian Desert. Called in Egypt “ tummæjr ” or '“kabsjie;”
the “ habhasis ” of Leo Africanus 5, may be compared ; E. glaucophyllum was received from Egypt
by Dillenius elth. pl. 124 (Pers.) ; and was observed by Forskal p. 123, and Delile, in the environs
of Cairo, growing in the Desert. „ , , u
“ June 25th ” (Alst.), meeting of the Diet at Spires. In regard to the restoration of the church,
an invitation was extended to Charles V. to visit Germany; To see the condition of things, and procure
the assembling of a general Council. And at “ the close of August.” the session terminated.
“ Sept. 13th” (Churchill coll), by Alonzo de Salazar, on his way from Mexico to the Southernmost
Ladrone Islands, an island discovered and named by him “ S. Bartholemew.”
“ The same year” (Churchill coll.), by Sebastian Cabot, now in the Spanish service, the La
Plata river ascended “ two hundred leagues” to the Paraguay branch. Continuing up this branch
“ thirty leagues,” he met with “ a people that tilled the ground, which he had not seen before,” and
was compelled by them to return (see Ilex Paraguayensis).
In this year (Churcliill and Ciez.), arrival of a ship, sent by the governor of Panama to bring
back Pizarro and his companions. Pizarro drew a line on the sand, and permitted all who wished
to leave him: “ thirteen” only remained behind. With these “ thirteen,” Pizarro “ ten or twelve
days” afterwards reached Tumbez, where he heard of the city of Cuzco. Following the coast as far
as Santa in “ S. Lat. 9°,” he returned Northward, — and after “ three years” absence arrived at
Panama. , , . , . . >1
“ In this year” (Garc. de la Vega), “ the very year” that Pizarro “ with his thirteen companions
entered Peru (Ciez. Ixxvii), death of the Inca Huayna Capac. He was succeeded by his eldest son
Huascar ; who at his father’s request permitted another son Atahuallpa to rule the kingdom of Quito.
“ 1527 A. D.” (art de verif.), Kasiawabara succeeded by his son Gonara, now dairo of Japan.
according to Oviedo nat. hyst. 80 are used for covering dwellings, — is referred here by Sprengel:
H. bihai was observed by Swartz obs. pl. 5 in the West Indies. Transported to Europe, is described
by Linnæus, and Jacq. hort. 25. „ . , /c . , t • Chamcedorea gracilis oi Caraccas,. A palm ten feet liigh; described by Oviedo — (Spreng.) ,
and known to grow in Caraccas (Jacq. hort. schoenb. ii. pl. 247-8, and Pers.).
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 308), the Hungarian king Louis defeated and taken prisoner, and
the city of Buda Lptnred, by the Turks under Suliman II The lirtary of king
to have been on this occasion burned, - has recently been discovered intact in Constantinoprt
“ May 6th” (Alst., and Blair), by the forces of Charles V., Rome captured, and pope Clemens
V II. wffitlffithTcarLais’confined ii/thl castle of St. An^lo. Henry V III. of red F „
a»reeing by treaty to send an army to liberate the pope, he was “ alter the seventh month released.
° “ -phe same year ” (Alst.), founding of the Sect of Anabaptists. , , 1 1
“ 152S Jan 26th” (Aist.), at Berne in Switzerland, the images removed from the churches and
various religious ceremonies abolished. The example was followed in the neighbouring villages, and
soon afterwards, at Constance, and Geneva. _ „ r--i 1 “ tb»
“ March” (Galvan.), Alvaro de Saavedra, sent by Cortes, arriving at Gilolo, finding the sea
calme and winde at will” all the way across the Pacific. » t) i m
U pril 12th” (Cabeza de Vaca, and Churchill coll.), arrival of the expedition nnder Pamphi o
de Narvaez on the North shore of the Mexican Gulf (and clearly West of the Mississippi). Foity
wire landed; with which he and a party proceeded, leaving the ships to follow, to rtd a
“ harbor where they might settle a town.” They met with “ walnut trees ” {Juglans nig, a, or Carya
olivccformis) “ laurels ” {Persea Caroline,isis), “ others called liquid ambers ” (/.. styracijliia),
S S E E k s U c h iT ffiavins ” {Juniperus Virgtiiiand), “ ever-^ere oaks ”
m acs" {Pinus iceda) “ and dwarf palmettos” (Sabal A da,iso,11), also f # £ # 1 0
its belly in which it carries its young ” (Dideiphis Virginiana), “ rabbits (U ffitspalusiris), hai ^
( L e p u s Americanus) “ bears ” (Ursus Americanus), “ lions ” mallreds # £ £ • ■ •);
“ nirtt-herons ” (Ardea nycticorax), “ very fine pastures for herds,” and and pumpkins
(cuhivated by the natives). The ships were wrecked, when they built five brets, which irere completed
“ Sept. 20th.” These were also wrecked, and the party reduced to foree or four persons,
_ who after travelling “ some hundreds of leagues across the country,” sureeeded in reaching Mexico^
“ The same year” (art de verif), in Japan, the title “ dai-seogun” conferred by Gonara on
Tositir, son of Josifar, and twenty-fourth in descent from Joritomo.
“ 1529, March 15th” (Alst.), another meeting of the Diet at Spires. A decree was adopted.
Prohibiting further innovations in religion until the assembling of a greeral Corecil. Against tliis
decree the elector of Saxony and several other prinoes protested: art were OTtorwards joined by
different cities in Germany and Switzerland ; and hence the origin of the name Protestanrt The
reioriffirs now began to take measures for their own safety, and at the “ close of November” met
“ ? l# r t ’°#ffinrt#'#kingham Smith), Cabeza de Vaca among the aboriginals Wesrtfohe mouths
of the Mississippi, ate blackberries (Rubus trivialis) all this month : the women only had any pret of
the nerson covered, employing for clothing a moss that grows on the trees (Tillandsia us,ieotdcs) .
in travellin» many of the canes (Arundinaria macrosperma) were broken, so that Aey often tore
Ms flesh- he spe/ks of extensive art beautiful plains, and distinctly describes the American bison
(Bos Americanus): the Cutalchiches used for knives, flints a palm and a half lo£, and were ignorret
OT t .“ er by the sun or moon, neither reckoning by the month nor year, but understanding he
rtferent seasons and positions of the stars: the “ pears” (Opuntia) were green and so milky that
they burned our mouths. — Passing the Rio del Norte, he began to see mountains, on wOTch are
smOTl pines the seeds of which are eaten,* and met with a different people : the.se wore a cotton shirt
(Mexicans) which they soap with a certain root that exceedingly cleanses (W isliremis says the root
OT a Yucca is used for soap) : poison was procured from a certain tree ofthe size of the apjrle >ield.ng
milk from the twigs (M a d u ra ? ).— Near the coast by the way of towns through winch we came
nrore than a thousand leagues of inhabited country to San Miguel on the Pacific; where he arrived
after being alone with the aboriginals “ nearly six years,” ending -‘ in I5£. 1 „n c ..
“ Ma? ” (Galvan ), returning from Tidore Eastward, Saavedra had sight of a land m - £,
and ran abng it “ aboue flue htmdred leagues” (New Guinea), “ the people blacke and of curled
haii-e” — called “ Papuas” by the natives of Maluco. ,
In “ 4° or 5° S. ” Saavedra turned Northward and crossing the Equator discovreed an island
which he called “ Pintadas,” the inhabitants being all marked (tattooed): a
out and commenced a fi»ht with slings, but Saavedra merely ordered sail to be shortened, and pro-
##Tcfsr#!v#hout diing them an/Yischief. “ A little beyond ” in “ .0° or 12° N.,” he found many
* Pinus Jlexilis of the Rocky mountains. Its seeds from early times eaten by the £ £ £ - -
(R. Brown jun.) : observed by E. James on the Rocky mountains at the
from the baL as far as perpetual snow; and Pike ap. 22 saw some pine timber to the north of
Chihuahua.
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