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904 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
M e d i c a g o r a d i a f a ic. 2. 38, H y p e r i c u m e l o d e s ic. 400, H . s e r p y l l i f o U u m ic. 2. 390, L e o n t o d o n c r i s p u m
ic. 23s! S t a e h e l i n a f r u t i c o s a ic. 548, C i r s i u m b u lb o s u m ic. 582, C i r s i u m p r a t e n s e ic. 583, “ acarna
Theoplirasti ” ic. 2. 16, C . C a s a b o n a e , C . I t a l i c u m ic. 2. 15, G n a p h a l i u m a l p i n u m ic. 484, E v a x a s t e -
r i s c i j l o r a ic. 4S4, F i l a g o m i n im a ic. 48', C i n e r a r i a c a m p e s t r i s ic. 347, C a r e x o v a l i s ic. 19, C . p s e u d o -
c y p e r u s ic. 76, A t r i p l e x l a c i n i a t a ic. 254, A . p a t u l a ic. 254, A . a n g u s t i f o l i a ic. 257, A s p l é n i u m m a r i n u m
ic. S14, C i s t o s e l r a b a r b a t a ic. 2. 254, F u c u s a c i n a r i u s ic. 2. 256, and U l v a u m b i l i c a l i s ic. 2. 246; he
completed the leones “ in 1591.”
A s p e r u l a T a u r i n a of the West Mediterranean countries. Termed “ rabia laevis taunnensium
b y Lobel ic. 800 — (Spreng.), “ galium taurinum” by Scopoli (Steud.), and known to grow in Southern
France and the neighbouring portion of Itah', in woods from Dauphiny to Piedmont (Dec. fl. fi , and
Mut.) ; was observed by Gouan near Montpellier, but perhaps adventive only (A. Dec.). In Britain,
“ from 1836” has become naturalized in two localities, in Leicester and Westmoreland (Bab.), and
more recently in Southeastern Scotland (Wats.).
T h y m u s B a r r e l i e r i of the Mediterranean countries. Termed “ calamintha secunda incana” by
Lobel ic. 514— (Spreng.), “ c. pulegii odore ” by Barrelier pl. 1 166, “ melissa Cre tica” by Linnæus;
known to grow in Spain and around Montpellier (Pers.), also in Sicily and Greece (Spreng.).
P o ly g o r m n t l a p a i h i f o l i u m of Northeast America. Described by Lobel ic. 315 — (Lmn., and
S preng.); termed “ persicaria major lapathi foliis calyce floris purpureo” by Tournefort inst. 510,
“ p. Pennsylvanicum” by Curtis lond. i. pl. 24 and 25 ; seems known to Linnæus only as occurring in
France, but was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in waste places around Athens and in the Peloponnesus.
Westward, by Banister (Ray suppl. 119) in Virginia; by Elliot, in South Carolina, and
termed “ p. incarnatum ; ” by Chapman, in “ ponds, ditches, etc.. South Carolina, and westward,” the
“ flowers small flesh-colour” (pale pink), and the leaves “ eight inches long.” The white-flowered
form, “ P. densifioriim ” of Meisner, was ob.served by Chapman on “ muddy banks, Florida, and westward
; ” by myself, intermingled with P. persicaria in waste places around Salem in New England ;
and is perhaps the same seen by Torrey at 41° on the Hudson, and according to K . Gray growing in
“ moist places Michigan to Kentucky, and common southward,” and “ apparently indigenous.”
J u n c u s g l a u c u s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A leafless rush called in Greece
“ vourla ” (Sibth.) ; described by Lobel ic. 85 — (Spreng,), and Barrelier pl. 208; termed “ j. acutus
panicula sparsa ” by Tournefort inst. 246 ; and known to grow in moist places from Lapland and Russia
to the Mediterranean (fl. Dan. pl. 1159, Engl. bot. pl. 665. Pers., and Wats.) : observed by Sibthorp,
and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to the Mediterranean.
P o a ( H e l e o c h l o a ) m a r i t im a of the shores of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. A seaside
grass termed “ gramen geniculatum marinum ” by Lobel ic. 21 — (Spreng.), “ poa marítima ” by Hudson,
Willdenow i. 396, and Smith brit. i. 97, “ glyceria maritima” by Wahlenberg, “ festuca thalas-
s ica ” by Kunth; known to grow along the seashore from Lapland to Ireland and the Mediterranean
(fi. Dan. pl. 251, Engl. bot. pl. 1 140, Pers., and Wats.), and even in Siberia (Kunth) ; observed by
Dec.indolle on the seashore of France as far as the Mediterranean ; by Sibthorp, around the Greek
islands. We.stward, by Hooker in Iceland ; by myself, on the border of salt marshes around Salem,
Mass. ; and according to A. Gray is “ not rare ” along our sea-coast.
by Elliot, in Granby, South Carolina, and Augusta ; by Chapman, in “ Florida, and northward ; ” by
Short, in Kentucky; and by Nuttall, in New Jersey and Arkansas.
P o l y g o n u m ( H e l x i n e ) d u m e t o r u m of Northeast America. A c l im b i n g b u c kw h e a t ,^ transported
to Europe, termed “ helxine cissampelos alte ra” by Lobel pl. 624 — (J. E. Smith); described also by
Tournefort inst. 511, and Linnæus; known to occur seemingly wild from Denmark tliroughout middle
Europe (fl. Dan. pl. 79, Bromf., and A. Dec.) ; and collected by Sibthorp in Greece (J. E. Smith).
Westward, has been observed by myself from 43° in New England to 40° along the Atlantic ; by
Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina; by Elliot, in South Carolina by Chapman, in “ Florida, and
northward ■ ” by A. Gray,_“ common ” in central New York ; by Michaux, and Short, in Kentucky.
T r i s e t n m s u b s p i c a t u m of the Arctic region and alpine summits all over the Globe. A grass
described by Lobel pl. 8 ; — known to grow in Lapland, and 011 the alpine summits of the Pyrenees
and Switzerland (Fries, Ram., and A. Dec.). also in extreme Northern Asia (lYuntli) as far as Kamtchatka
(Ledeb.). Westward, was received by Hooker from Iceland and Melville Lsland ; by Collins
from Labrador; was observed by Sabine in Greenland; by myself, on the summits of the White
mountains in New England ; by E. James, on the Rocky mountains ; and was received by Ledebour
from Unalaska. Within the Tropics and in the Southern Hejnisphere, was received by j . D. Hooker
from the Andes of Mexico, Colombia, and Peru, and observed on the Falkland Islands, and on the
mountains of Campbell’s Island ; was observed by myself on the mountains around Orange Bay near
Cape Horn, and on the summit of Mauna Kea on the Plawaiian Islands.
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 905
O i c h i s l a ' i f o h a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Lobel obs, 90—
( preng.) ; termed “ o. palmata pratensis latifolia longis calcaribus ” by C. Bauhin pin. 85, and known
to grow m moist merts throughout middle Europe (Tourn. inst. 434, A- Dan. pl. 266, Curt. lond. v.
pl. 65, red Pers.) : observed by Rudbeck elys. ii. pl. 211, and Linnæus, in Sweden ; by Vaillant pl.
31, m the environs of Pans ; by Haller pl. 32, in Switzerland ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the
Peloponnesus. ^ ^
fr' E r E ■'ft- 3 ') , “ " t the solicitation of the jesuit missionreies,
an mr tassy sent by the princes of Neugato, Bungo, and Arima to Rome, assuring pope
r te g o iiu s X I I I . of their filial obedience ; a measure that was ill-received in Japan. The same vear
( _ ■ s r e o r t day of the fifth month of the 2Sth year of Ookimatz.” art de verif,), Nobunanga, holdin»
next OTter Jo s ij£ a the office of cubo, slam together with his eldest son at Meaco; he was succeeded
by Fide-josi, who took tlie name of Taiko-sama.
• by Taiko-sama is extant, — and after he had “ quieted the country,” a decided change
m J a p a n e s e a r t : peaceful scenes were now represented, with flowers and trees, includin» “ the
Japanree maple with its beautiful autumnal tints ” ( A c e r p i c t u m . See Jap. centen. comm. 100)".
Francisco G a \ \ (Dumb. 111. 8), the Northwest coast of America in Lat. 57° 30', discovered by
“ Oct. 5th ” alias “ 15th ” (Nicol. 34 and 206), “ New Style,” the change in reckoning devised by
X I IL : “ ten d a ys” being deducted from this year
£ cffi ing what would have been the 5th of October, the 15th.” _ The so-called “ Grererian Calendar
has m the course of years been adopted by European nations generally : but not b? Russia, nor
anywhere m the East. ’
T 1 " E I T ""ri”™ Francis de Ovalle from Mexico at the Philippine
Islands. He next sailed North to Macao in China ; and thence Northeast through the “ Lequios ”
or Loo-Choo Islands and at length Eastward across to the Pacific to the California'coast “ in thirtv-
eight degrees and a £ l f of latitude : ” not only making the first voyage from Mexico to China biit
discovering the way of returning to Mexico. ’
“ i 5 £ a . D .” (Haki., Churchill coll., and Holmes), arrival in Newfoundland of Htimplirev Gil-
£ r , h a v .£ obtained from queen Elizabeth the first English charter for a colony. Entering the
harbour of S t£ o h n s among “ thirty-six vessels of various nations,” he landed and took formal possession
, and published three laws for the government of the territory.” Sailing thence for Cape
Breton the loss of his largest ship induced him to return; his own ship was next lost; but the
remaining one succeeded in reaching England. o s i .u in t n e
“ In or abret this year £ G a s s e n d i, and Blair), r e f r a c t i o n of the rays of light in passing throu»h
transparent subs ances, re-d.scovered by Tycho Brahe: and the amount of error from tlÎs source
m astronomical observation, ascertained by him with great exactness.
tl r fr’ ' " 0 Winckler), Alpinus returning from Egypt by the wav of Crete and
the Greek islreds, meeting with G a l i u m G r a e c n m exot. 166, F e r u l a O r i e n t a l i s 199, S t a t i c e e c h i n u s
56, /£/«;« a i b o r e u i n 18 , S a p o n a r i a C r e t i c a 291, D i a n t h u s j u n i p e r i n u s 38, T e u c r i u m C r e t i c u m 102
N e p e t a s c o r d o t i s 283 A l y s s u m C r e t i c u m ri8, A n t h y l l i s H e r m a n n i a e 26, C o r o n i l l a a r g e n t e a i6 C
g l o b o s a 314 A s t r a g a l u s e c h i o i d e s 54, C a t a n a n c h e l u t e a 286, S t a e h e l i n a a r b o r e s c e n s 32, A c h i l l e a C r e -
t i c a 83, h p h e d r a f r a g i h s 140, and P t e j - i s e n s i f o l i a 66.
O n o sm a s im p U c i s s im a of the Uralian plains. Termed “ echium ereticuin ” by Alpinus exot 129
V o lg a / o T u fa ° fr"” " ' ™ from the Lower
“ In this year ” (Spreng., Prior, and Winckler), Dodoens publishing his Stirp. Hist, pemptades
enumerating* U/A«;« m a g i c u m 985, F a r s e t i a c l y p e a t a 89, L a t h y r u s N i s s o l i a 529, L y s im a c h i a e p h e m
e r a 203, B r o m u s a r v e n s i s 540, N a r t h e c i u m o s s i f r a g u m 208, V e r o n i c a m a r i t im a 86, I r i s g r a m i n e a
* H i b i s c u s y l u s t r i s of Northeast America. Possibly distinct from H. moscheutos, the flowers
roseate and in all instances destitute of a dark central spot. Transported to Europe, is termed “ al-
thea hortensis s. peregnna ” by Dodoens pempt. 653 - (Linn. sp. pl.). Westward, was observed by
f r o n i / / / /T o 4 / ffi' Boston; by myself, only in Eastern New England,
H i b i s c u s m o s c h e u t o s OT Norlheast America. The flowers in some instances deeply roseate and
£.st,tnte of a dmL central sp o t: - observed by Pursh from New York to Carolina ; by Torrey from
f f i y # Hudson ; by myselt, irequent and very showy along the estuary of the Delawari : by
Cla^on, in Virginia; by Walter, and Elliot, in South Carolina; by Baldwin, as far as 31° in Florida-
by Chapman, “ Georgia, northward and westward ; ” by Short, in Kentucky; and by Nuttall, alon»,
the Arkansas. Transported to Europe, is described by Cornuti pl. 145 (Linn. sp. pL).
1 1 4
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