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4 1 8 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
Among the edible and useful plants of the Ainos on Yeso, Tilia parviflora called “ koberegeb”
o rb y the Japanese “ sinano ki,” furnishing rigging and timber of good quality; Coptis asptenifolia
called “ seribano woren ” by the Japanese (and observed in Japan by Thunberg) ; Rubus Molucca-
Aralia edulis of Y’eso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ itsijaribe ” or “ tsimakina,” or
by the Japanese “ udo : ” — enumerated by Siebold as growing on Yeso, and the root edible.
Apium seri of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Japanese “ seri,” — and
enumerated by Siebold as “ a sort of celle ry” growing on Y e so : “ A. petroselinura” called “ kin” or
usually “ seri,” was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, cultivated as a condiment in Japan.
Heradeum tsima of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ tsima ” by the Ainos ;—
and enumerated by Siebold p. 56 as edible, and as probably the “ large screen plant ” whose stems
were collected by Vries’ crew on Kunasiri near Yeso.
Sanícula data of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Japanese “ naga sirami ; ”
— and enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso.
Lappa edulis of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ setakorokoni,” or by the Japanese
“ kobo ; ” — the root enumerated by Siebold as edible.
Corylus sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ wohoba,” or by the Japanese
“ hasibami: ” — enumerated by Siebold as growing on Yeso, but referred to “ C. Americana.”
Fagus pira of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ pira ” by the Ainos, — and enu-
merated by Siebold as growing on Yeso.
Polygonatum Japonicum of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ amatokoro ” by the
Japanese, and the root used : — enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso.
.Allium uliginosum of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ lieroni,” or by the Japanese
“ nira ; ” — and enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso. From transported
specimens, described by Don.
Gen. Graminac. untsja of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. An edible grass called “ untsja”
by the Ainos, and “ makomo” by the Japanese, — enumerated by Siebold as growing on Y’ eso.
Pteris ? of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. An edible fern called “ toha,” or by the Japanese
“ warabi,” — enumerated by Siebold as growing on Yeso.
Gen. Muse, of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. An edible moss called “ ikkimaimai,” or
by the Japanese “ koke,” — enumerated by Siebold as growing on Yeso.
Boletus kuruma of Yeso and the neighbouring countries.' An edible mushroom called “ kuruma”
by the Ainos, — enumerated by’ Siebold as growing on Quercus beroni on Yeso.
Belula beitats of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ beitats ” by the Ainos, and the
bark used by them, — the “ tatsbi ” birch also furnishing good timber (Sieb. p. 41 and 170).
Betula asada of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ asada ” by the Ainos, and the
bark used by them — (Sieb. p. 170).
Quercus beroni of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ beroni ” or “ bironi” by the
Ainos, — and the wood enumerated by Siebold p. 41 among the kinds especially fit for shipbuilding.
Acer sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ tobeni,” or by the Japanese “ kaide,”
— and according to Siebold p. 41 and 163, “ sugar is prepared from the juice,” and the wood is of
good quality.
A c e r fu s in i of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ fusini ” by the Ainos, and furnishing
good timber, — according to Siebold p. 41 and 162.
Pin us pauciflora of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ tsikafupp ” or “ inekereni,”
or by the Japanese “ gojo mats,” the wood used for houses — and masts (Sieb.). The “ sapin á cinq
feuilles acereuses” (Strobus) enumerated in the San-kokf transl. Klapr. among the useful plants of
the Ainos, may be compared.
Abies Yesoensis of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Ainos “ fuppo,” by the
Japanese “ Jeso mats,” the wood — enumerated by Siebold among the kinds especially fit for shipbuilding,
and supplying masts.
Phalaris sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. A species with an ovoid pendulous panic
le— enumerated by Siebold as u.sed for roofs.
Smilacina bifolia of Subarctic climates. Called “ maidsur” by the Japanese : — Described by
Matthioli pl. 709 (Spreng.) ; observed by Gerarde in two localities in Britain ; known to abound in
the Scandinavian peninsula, and as far as Northern France and Germany, becoming rare a.s the forests
become more restricted (fl. dan. pl 291, and A. D e c.); was observed by Gmelin frequent throughout
Siberia ; by Pallas, between the Yenisei and Lake B a ic a l; by Chamisso, in Kamtschatka. Westward,
by Lapylaie in Newfoundland ; by Michaux, in Canada ; by myself, from 45° to 40° along the
Atlantic, frequent in the forest ; by Chapman, on “ high mountains of North Carolina ; ” by Short,
in Kentucky ; and by Drummond, at 54° on the Saskatchewan.
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OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 419 f t
nus ? called in Japanese “ fuju itsiigo ; ” Cannabis saliva called “ asakara ” or by the Japanese “ asa,”
for sewing thread; Trapa incisa; Castanea vesca called “ jam,” or by the Japanese “ k u r ! ; ” and
Sagittaria sagittifolia called “ womo daka ” by the Japanese, the root, — are enumerated by Siebold.
And in the San-kokf transl. Klapr., “ Galium tuberosum (houang-thsing) ; ” the “ kakouma-kousa”
(in Chinese “ houang-lian,” Chelidonium majus, whose Japanese name is however given by Siebold as
“ kusanowo”) ; and the “ pin de Y e s o ” ( . . . . ) , the wood very beautiful, employed for making
utensils.
Among plants growing on Yeso, Ervum tetraspermum called “ susume no lento ” by the Japanese
; Spiroea aruncus called “ sjoma ” or “ torino asikusa ” by the Japanese ; Lythrum salicaria
called “ mizo hagi ” by the Japanese; Geranium pratense called “ dai furoso ” by the Japanese;
Euphorbia lathyris called “ portoso” by the Japanese ; Alsine media called “ hakobe ” by the Japanese
; Viola canina called “ komeno asume” by the Japanese; Capsdla bursa-pastoris called “ nats
na ” by the Japanese; Draba h ir ta ; Thlaspi arvense called “ gunbai utsiwa ” by the Japanese;
Papaver rhoeas called “ bizinso ” by the Japanese; Anemone parviflora; Caltha palustris called
“ jen ko so ” by the Japanese ; Cornus Canadensis called “ kakka,” or by the Japanese “ gozen tatsi
bana ; ” Hederá helix called “ ki dsuta ” by the Japanese ; Vaccinium Chamissonis f called “ isu-
suka; ” Primula farinosa oaXXod “ konzumui,” or by the Japanese “ Juki ware s o ; ” Veronica anagallis
called “ kawatsisa ; ” Physalis alkekengi called'“ hokisei,” or by the Japanese “ hotsuki,” and
observed by Thunberg in Japan ; Physalis totorep, called “ totorep ” by the Ainos ; Solanum Caro-
linense? called “ k a tak in a ;” Solanum, a species growing on Krafto; Calystegia soldandla called
“ hama hirugaho ” by the Japanese; BruneUa vulgarii called “ utsubo k u sa ” by the Japanese;
Clinopodium vulgare called ‘ kuruma bana” by the Japanese ; Lamium amplexicaule called “ hoto-
k e n o s o ” by the Japanese ; Jasminum præcox oaW^d“ ohaX” by the Japanese ; Apocynum Venetum
called “ basikuromun ; ” Calendula oflicinalis called “ urajenekina,” or by the Japanese “ kin sen
kwa ; ” Gnaphalium confusum called “ hahako gusa ” by the Japanese ; Taraxacum dens-leonis
called “ inemuni,” or by the Japanese “ tan bobo ; ” Plantago major called “ oliobako ” by the
Japanese; Polygonum aviculare called “ niwa janagi ” by the Japanese; Rumex crispus? called
“ stakamaro,” or by the Japanese “ k iz ig iz i;” Chenopodium album and called “ sirusikina,”
or by fhe Japanese “ aka s a ; ” Populus dero called “ d e ro ” by the Ainos; S a lix toisjusju caEod
“ toisjusju” by the Ainos, “ inokoro jan a g i” by the Japanese; S a lix toppikara called “ topplkara”
by the Ainos, “ kojanaki ” by the Japanese ; Hu?nulus Japónica called “ kana mugura ” by the
Japanese; A ln u s incana called “ hanoki ” by the Japanese, “ nitats’ kene ” or in general “ kene ” by
the Ainos ; AInus ja ja kene called “ jaja kene ” by the Ainos ; Thuya ? retiiwspora ? called “ kara
hiba,” or by the Ainos “ sjungu ; ” Typha angustifolia called “ sikina,” or by the Japanese “ gama ; ”
Dendrobium caíenatum called “ sekikok” by the Japanese ; Cí?«z'«//írrá called “ setakito,”
orbytheJapane.se “ kimikakeso ; ” P a iis quadrijoli i called “ tsume tori gus-a ” by the Japanese ;
PoUgonatum latifolium? called “ bebeukkina ; ” Smilacina racemosa var. Yesoensis called “ juisasa; ”
Narcissus tazetta called “ suizen ” by the Japanese ; Uvularia sessilifolia called “ hotsjak ” by the
Japanese ; Ir is Sibirica called “ ajame ” by the Japanese ; Lu zu la campestris called “ ritenmuni,” or
by tlie Japanese “ suzumeno jari ; ” Hordeum jubatum; and Imperata pedicellata called “ nupkausi,”
or by the Japanese “ tsigaja,” — are enumerated by Siebold. And in the San-kokf transl. Klapr.,
“ matricaires de printemps à fleurs blanches” (called in Chinese “ tchhun-kiu,” in Japanese “ soun-
gikf ” or sometimes “ Korei-gikf ” from having been introduced from Corea) ; “ lys à fleurs noires ”
(Fritillaria ?) ; “ baton de tigre ” fifteen to sixteen feet high ( . . . . ) ; and “ espece de bugle ” called
in Japanese “ fouki,” in Chinese “ khouon-toung,” with leaves attaining the dimensions of “ te n ”
square feet (Nardosmia Japónica? called “ makaje ” or “ korkoni,” or by the Japanese “ fu k i” ).
Vyasa may have been at this time collecting the Vedas. — The Burmese king Ronmokkha is said
to have been “ skilled in the Vedas ” (Mason 40).
Justicia ecboHum of Tropical Arabia and Hindustan. A shrubby erect plant called in Malabar
“ carimcurim ” (Rlieede), in the environs of Bombay “ oodoo jatee ” (Graham), in Yemen “ kos sæ jf”
or “ chasser ” (Forsk.) ; and the “ oudodjas ” of the Rig Veda viii. 5. 3 * — may be compared : J. ecbo-
*Barleria cristaia of Tropical Hindustan. An unarmed shrub, “ very beautiful ” when in flower
(Graham) : the “ se rya ” of the Rig Veda ii. 5. 8 — is referred here by Langlols, and “ sairiya” or
“ sairiyaka ” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 15 to 25 is referred here by Hessler; B. cristata was observed
by Graham “ in gardens Bombay,” flowers “ of a blue colour with a dash of purple, appear in
tlie rains ; ” by Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan. Probably carried to Manila, where it was observed
by Blanco ; was observed in Eastern Asia by Osbeck trav. pl. 8 (Pers.). Transported to Europe, is
described by Morison iii. 11. pl. 23.
Vallisneria octandra of Hindustan. A grass-leaved aquatic called in Sanscrit “ jan a lili” or
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