934 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
a m o n g t h e c l o u d s c a l l e d N o o r e e l e , a f a t h e r a n d h i s t h r e e m a l e c h i l d r e n b u t t h e r e i s no m o t h e r ( t h e
H i n d ? s y s t e m o f c r e a t i o n b y a S u p r e m e P o w e r w i t h t h r e e e m a n a t i o n s , S t a n l e y e d i t . D e M o r g a 3 0 7 .
“ t h e f a t h e r i s a l l p o w e r f u l a n d o f b e n e v o l e n t c h a r a c t e r : h e m a d e t h e e a r t h , t r e e s , e t c . , # v e n a m e s t o
e v e r y t h i n » a n d p l a c e , p l a c e d t h e n a t i v e s i n t h e i r d i f f e r e n t d i s t r i c t s , t e l l i n g e a c h t r i b e t h a t t h e y w e r e
t o i n h a b i t s u c h a n d s u c h l o c a l i t i e s , a n d w e r e t o s p e a k i n s u c h a n d s u c h a l a n g u a p : i t i s s a i d t h a t h e
b r o u g h t t h e n a t i v e s o r i g i n a l l y f r o m s o m e p l a c e o v e r t h e w a t e r s t o t h e e a s t w a r d . M o o r i o r e e f o u n d
t h a t t h e n a t i v e s r o u n d A d e l a i d e “ b e l i e v e i n a s o u l o r s p i r i t ( i t p i t u k u t y a ) s e p r a t e a n d d i r t n c t a l t o g
e t h e r f r o m t h e b o d y , w h i c h a t d e a t h g o e s t o t h e w e s t , t o a l a r g e p i t , w h # t h e s o u l s o f a l l
“ T h e s a m e y e a r ” ( C h i n e s e c h r o n . t a b l e , a n d P a u t b . 4 1 0 ) , c i t i e s m N o r t h e r n C h i n a c a p t u r e d b y
t h e M a n t c h o u o r E a s t e r n T a r t a r s ; w h o s e c h i e f d e c l a r e d h i m s e l f e m p e r o r , a n d a s s i m r e d t h e ^ n a m e
T h i a n - m i n g . — T h e t i t l e s “ T a i - t s o u K a o - h o a n » - t i o f t h e T a i - t h s m g , ” a n d “ T s m g - T a i - t s o u , w e r e
a d d e d b y h i s d e s c e n d a n t s . . j „ i , „
“ T h e s a m e y e a r ” ( a r t d e v e r i f ) , F i d e - j o r i m a n i f e s t i n g p r e d i l e c t i o n f o r C h r i s t i a n i t y a n d t h e P o r -
t u » u e s e a t t a c k e d b y t h e r e g e n t I j e s a z , a n c l d r i v e n t o t h e f o r t r e s s o f O s a k k a ; w h e r e a c c o r d i n g t o o n e
a c c o u n t , h e d e s t r o y e d h i s p a l a c e a n d h i m s e l f b y f i r e . I j e s a z l i a v i # n o w a c q u i r e d s u p e m e # w e r
c o m m e n c e d t h e e x e c u t i o n o f t h e p o l i c y o f F i d e - j o s i , a n d e n j o i n e d a l l f o r e i g n e r s e x c e p t t h e D u t c h t o
q u i t J a p a n ; a n d s o o n a i t e r w a r d s , p r o h i b i t e d t h e J a p a n e s e f r o m l e a v i n g t h e i r o w n oe u n t r y . ^
“ I n t h i s y e a r " ( S p r e n g . ) , C o l u m n a p u b l i s h i n g h i s E c p h r a s i , e n u m e r a t i n g Slfys Heraclea 1 .
l » 8 t o i 3l Teucrium pseudohyssopum Veronica montana 2 8 8 , “ c i r c æ a m i n i m a Circaea alpina
i i . 8 0 , Fedia echinata i . 2 0 6 , F. coronata i . 2 0 9 , F. dentata i . 2 0 9 , Sherarclia erecta hispidum i. 300, Gahum I . 2 9 7 , Myosotis Apula i . 1 8 5 , CynofTSsum sylvaticum , . A carnea 17S, Androsace Vitaliana 2 63 2 . 6 5 . Phyteuma orbicularis i . 2 3 4 , Gentiana utriculosa I . 2 2 2 , Bupleurum tenuissimum Hydrocotyle natans I 316, i . 2 4 7 . B. odontites I . 2 4 7 , Daucus muricatus i . 94 Tordylium Apulusn
I 1 + 4 Ornithogalum villosum i. 3 2 3 . Chlora sessilijolia 2. 77, Mlerantlms polycarpos i . 2 9 4 , fraira bryoidek2. Saxi- 6 7 , 5 . androsacea 2. 6 7 . Y . bulbifera 1 . 3 1 7 . Safonaria bdlidifoha I . nialgrimonoides 133, Agrmio- i . 1 4 4 , Euphorbia epilhymoides 2 . 5 1 , arachnoideum Ranunculus chaeropkffilus 1.311 Sempervivum i . 2 9 1 , Rhinauthus elephas I. 1 8 8 , Bartsia trixago i . 1 9 7 , Euphrasia Utifolia 1. - 0 2 ,
“ a n o n y m a S . G r e g o r i i ” 2 . 5 0 , Tozzia alpina 2. 5 0 . ClyPeola lonthlaspi 1. 2 8 4 , 1 268 spartium radiatum Sisymbrium Columnae I . 2 9 4 , Ononis Columnae I . 3 0 1 , Astragalus sesameus i . 3 0 1 , hirsu'lus l. Geropogon 2 3 1 , Scorzonera hirsu'a 1. 2 3 3 . Prenanthes viminea 1. 2 4 0 . P kieracifoha I . choeris minima 2. 249, Hypo
2 7 , Crepis corymbosa 1. 2 3 6 , C . scariosa 1. 237, Tolpis barbata 2^27, f f i # # ' foetida 2. 3 1 , Carpesium cernuum i . 2 5 2 , Doronicum Columnae 2 . 3 6 , Centaurea crupina i . 3 4 ,
O r r / « > ¥ / « / « I . 3 2 0 . — H e d i e d “ i n 1 6 4 0 . ”
T u r g e n i a l a t i f o l i a o f t h e T a u r o - C a s p i a n c o u n t r i e s . A n a n n u a l U m b e l l i f e r o u s w e e d d e s c r i b e d
b y C o l u m n a e c p h r . i . 9 7 - ( S p r e n g . ) , k n o w n a l s o t o t h e B a u h i n s ( A . D e c . ) , t e r m e d “ c . a r v e n s i s
e c h i n a t a l a t i f o l i a ” b y T o u r n e f o r t i n s t . 3 2 3 , “ c a u c a l i s l a t i f o l i a ” b y L m n æ u s , a n c l k n o w n t o o c c u i m
c u l t i v a t e d g r o u n d t h r o u g h o u t m i d d l e E u r o p e ( J a c q . h o r t . p l . 1 2 8 , H o f f m . , a n d P e r s . ) : i n ^ B r f f a i n , m
f i r s t m e n t i o n e d b y D i l l e n i u s “ i n 1 7 2 4 ; ” w a s o b s e r v e d b y M o n s i n S a r d i n i a , b y M u n £ m A l g e i i a ,
b y G u s s o n e i n S i c i l y ; b y S i b t h o r p , a n d F r a a s , i n c u l t i v a t e d g r o u n d f r o m t h e P e l o p n n e s u s t o
C v p r u s . T o a l l a p p e a r a n c e w i l d o n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f S u w a n t ( H o h e n . a n d C.^ A . i V I e ^ r ) .
T h l a s p i p e r f o l i a t u m o f E u r o p e a n d t h e a d j o i n i n g p o r t i o n o f A s i a . D e s c n b e d b y C o l u m n a e c p h r .
, 276 — ( S p r e n g . ) ; t e r m e d “ t . a r v e n s e p e r f o l i a t u m m a j u s ” b y T o u r n e f o r t i n s t . 212, # r b a m o n t a -
n e l l a ” b y M i c h e l i ( T a r g . ) , ■* t . a l p e s t r e ” b y H u d s o n , “ t . m o n t a n u m v a r . ” b y L a m a r c k f l . i x . ( S t e r t , ) ,
a n d k n o w n t o o c c u r t h r o u g h o u t m i d d l e E u r o p e ( J a c q . a u s t r , p l . 2 3 7 , a n d P e r s . ) ; w a s o b s e r v e d b y
Sib tho rp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus, 1 *
H u t c h i n s i a é e t r æ a o f E u r o p e a n d t h e a d j o i n i n g p o r t i o n o f A s i a . A d i m i n u t i v e a n n u a l t e i m e d
“ c a r d a m i n e p u s i l l a s a x a t i l i s m o n t a n a c l i s c o i d e s ” b y C o l u m n a e c p h r . i . p l . 2 7 4 . - “ n a s t u r t i u m p u m i l u m
v e r n u m ” b y C . B a u h i n p i n . 1 0 5 , a n d T o u r n e f o r t m s t . 2 1 4 , a n c l k n o w n t o g r o w m s t o n y p l a c e s , c h i e f l y
c a l c a r e o u s , f r o m 5 9 ° i n S w e d e n t o t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n ( E n g l . b o t . p l . n i , J a c q a u s t r . p l 1 3 1 , a n d
A . D e c . ) . a l s o o n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f A l g e r i a ( D u R i e u ) : o b s e r v e d b y L i n n æ u s m S w e d e n ; b y 0 q u e l ,
i n H o l l a n d ; b v G a u d i n , i n S w i t z e r l a n d ; b y B r o t e r o , i n P o r t u g a l ; b y B o i s s . , o n t h e S i e r r a N e v a d a
i n S p a i n - b y M o r i s , o n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f S a r d i n i a ; b y G u s s o n e , o n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f S i c l y ; b y
E b e l , i n D a l m a t i a ; b y B a u m g a r t e n , i n T r a n s y l v a n i a ; b y S i b t h o r p , a n d C h a u b a r d , m t h e P e l o p o n n e s u s ;
a n d b v B i e b e r s t e i n , i n t h e C r i m e a . . , , ^ „
A l l i u m P a l l e n s o f t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n c o u n t r i e s . D e s c r i b e d b y C o l u m n a e c p h r . 1 1 . p l 7.
t e rm e d “ a . n f o n t a n u m b i c o r n e f l o r e p . i U i d o o d o r o ” b y T o u r n e f o r t i n s t . 3 8 4 , a n d k n o w n t o £ 0 w m
S p a i n , I t a l y , a n d P a n n o n i a ( P e r s . ) : o b s e r v e d b y G o u a n i l l . 2 4 i n t h e e n v i r o n s o f M o n t p e l i e r ; b y
S i b t h è r p , f r e q u e n t o n t h e G r e e k i s l a n d s ; b y . . . . i n E g y j o t . ^ m , , n
H i e r a c i u m a u r a n l i a c u m o f m i d d l e a n d W e s t e r n E u r o p e . D e s c n b e d b y C o l u m n a e c p h r 2 . 3 0
— f S p r e n » ) t e r m e d “ h . f u s c u m ” b y V i l l a r s ( s e e S t e u d . ) , a n d k n o w n t o g r o w i n A e s u b a l p i n e
w o r t s o f dddle E u r o p e ( J a c q . a u s t r . p l . 4 . 0 . a n d P e r s . ) . I n B r i t a i n , l o n g c u l t i v a t e d f o r o r n a m e n t ,
%
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S AN D P L A N T S . 935
but discovered by G. Don escaped from gardens in several localities in Northern Scotland (Engl,
bot. pl. 1469), afterwards found in localities in Wales and the North of England, but universally
admitted to be exotic (Wats. cyb. ii. 52, and A. Dec.).
C e n t a u r e a s o l s t i t i a l i s of Austral America? Called in Greece “ phalaritha” (Sibth.); termed
“ spina solstitialis ” by Columna ecphr. i. 31 — (Spreng.), “ carduus stellatus luteus foliis cyani ” by
Tournefort inst. 440, “ centaurea sicu la ” by Leysser (Steud.) : observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and
Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands ; by Forskal on Malta as well
as near Marseilles ; and is known to occur in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe (Lam. fl.
fr., and Pers ), occasionally making its appearance in the grain-fields of Britain (A. Dec.). By
European colonists, was carried to Southeast Australia, where it has become naturalized, occurring
far inland (Corder). “ C. tomentosa,” called “ atrôgira” at the Dardanelles and Smyrna, and the
young shoots eaten, is regarded by Forskal as perhaps not distinct.
“ 1617 A. D.” (art. de verif.), Achmed succeeded by Mustafa, seventeenth Turkish sultan.
“ June 17 th ” (Alst.), Philip I II . of Spain having yielded his claim, Ferdinand grandson of Ihe
emperor Ferdinand, crowned king of Bohemia. This was regarded by the Bohemians, as interfering
with their right of electing a king.
“ A u g u s t” (D. Lain» pref. 5), letter from Capt. John Mason “ from the plantación of Cujier’s
C o v e ” in Newfoundland to John Scot, in which he exjiresses the hope to “ affoord ” a “ mapp ” of
the island “ with a particular relación.” — His “ Brief discourse of the Newfoundland,” written after
“ three yeares and seuenth monthes residence,” was printed in Edinburgh in 1620 ; and that he spent
seven years on the island is stated on the map.
“ The common wild herbes” of Newfoundland according to Mason are “ angelica” { L i g u s t i c u m
a c t e a e f o l i u n i ) , “ viole ts” { V i o l a c u c u U a t a , V . p a l u s t r i s , and V . M u h l e n b e r g i i ) , “ mints” { M . C a n a d
e n s i s , and M . a q u a t i c a ) , “ scabius” * “ yarrow” { A c h i l l e a m i l l e f o l i u m ) , “ sarsaparilla” ( A r a l i a
n u d i c a u l i s ) , “ vvith divers other sorts ; ” of these “ we liaue only made vse of certain great green
leauespletifully growing in the woods ” ( H e r a c l e u m l a n a t u m ) , “ a x id a great roote growTng in fresh
water ponds” ( N y m p h oe a o d o r a t a ) , “ both good against the skiruye ; and an other prettie roote with
a blew stalke and leaues of the nature of a skirret growing in a dry beachy ground, good meate
boyled ” ( L i g u s t i c u m S c o t i c u m ) ; “ the countrie fruités wild are, cherries small whole"groaues of
them” { C e r a s u s P e n n s y l v a n i c a ) , “ filberds g o o d ” { C o r y l u s r o s t r a t a ) , “ damaske roses single very
sweet ” ( R o s a b la n d a ) , “ excellët straberries ” ( F r a g a r i a V i r g i n ia n a ) , “ and hartleberries ” ( V a c c i n i u m
P e n n s y l v a n i c u m ) , “ and gooseberries somewhat belter than o u r s ” { G r o s s u l a r i a h i r t e l l a ) : “ also a
kind of wild coranies ” { R i b e s r u b r u m ? ) , “ wild pease or feetches ” { P i s u m m a r i t im u m ) : “ the
North parts most mountanye and woodye very thick of firre tr e e s ” { A b i e s b a l s a m e a ) , “ sp ruce ”
( A b i e s n i g r a ) , “ p in e ” { S t r o b u s v u l g a r i s ) , “ lereckhout” { L a r i x A m e r i c a n a ) , “ a sp e ” { P o p u l u s
t r e m a l o i d e s ) , “ hasill ” ( C o r y l u s A m e r i c a n a ) , “ a kinde of stinking wood ” ( A c e r ? ) , “ the three formest
goodly timber: ” but “ no oakes, ashe, beech, or ellmes, haue we seene or heard of.”
Of plants introduced and cultivated, “ w h e a t e , r y e , b a r l i e , o a t e s , and p e a s e " have “ growen and
ripened” as well “ as in Y o rk sh ire :” and of garden herbs “ h y s o p e " (Hyssopus officinalis), “ t im e ,
p a r s e l y , c i a r l e , n e p e " (Nepeta cataría), “ f r e n c h m a l l o -w e s " (Althæa officinalis), “ b n g l o s s e " (Anchusa
officinalis), “ collombines ” ( A q u i l e g i a v u l g a r i s ) , “ w o r m e w o o d " (Artemisia absinthium), “ etc.:
there is at this present of three yeares old of my sowing, likewise r o s e m a r y , f e n e l l , s w e e t n l a r i c r im ,
b a s s e l , p u r s e l y n ” (Portulaca olerácea), “ l e t l i s e , and all other herbes and rootes, as t o r n e p s , p a s n e p e s ,
c a r e t t s , and r a d i s h e s we haue found to growe well there in the sommer season.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Major edit. Strach. p. xvi), Sir George Yeardley succeeded by Captain Argoll,
now fifth governor of Virginia.
* E r i g e r o n ( P h a l a c r o l o m a ) a n n u u m of Nortlieast America. Sometimes called there s w e e i s c a b i o
u s (A. Gray), in which we recognize the “ scabius ” seen by John Mason in Newfoundland: — P.
annuum was observed by Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania (Pers.); by IVirsh, “ common;” by A. Gray,
in “ fields ancl waste places, a very common we ed” in central New York ; by myself, from 43° to 40°
along the Atlantic ; by Schweinitz, as far as 36° in Upper Carolina. Eastward, was received from
America by Cornuti pl. 194, and termed “ bellis ramosa umbellifera: ” becoming naturalized, is figured
in 1749 tiy Gmelin ii. 78, from seeds collected in the Ukraine ; in 1770 by Oeder fi. Dan. pl 486, found
near Altona; but has since become generally distributed throughout Germany, France, and Northern
Italy (Pers., and A. Dec.).
E r i g e r o n ( P h a l a c r o l o m a ) s t r i g o s u m of Northeast Ajnerica The leaves more entire and floret-
rays invariably white, possibly the “ scabius” in question : — observed by Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania
; by Pursh, from Canada to Virginia ; by A. Gray, “ fields, etc., common ” in central New York ;
by myself, from 45° to 40° along the Atlantic ; by Schweinitz, as far as 36° in Upper Carolina.
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