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the Canadian branch of the Upper Arkansas. Beyond these limits, though known to Chapman only
from “ the upper districts,” was seen by Baldwin at St. Mary’s, by Croom as faras 30° 30', and is now
cultivated throughout our Atlantic States. Transported to Europe, is described by Duhamel ; was
seen by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople, by Ciot-Bey in the gardens of Egypt.
known to grow in Michigan, and along the Atlantic from Lat. 43° 30' (A. Gray) ; was observed by
myself from 41° to 39° ; by Schweinitz, at 36° ; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Michaux, from Pennsylvania
to Florida; by Chapman, in “ Florida, and northward;” by Croom, as far as 30° 30' ; and
by Baldwin to 30°; by Short, in Kentucky; by Darby 153 in Louisiana; by Humboldt and Bon-
pjaiid, at Real del monte, 1420, in Mexico (Steud., and Kunth).
Vaccinium (Gaylussacia) dumosa of Northeast America. The hairy huckleberry, having inferior
hairy fruit, eaten by the natives from early times : — known to grow along the coast from 43° 30'
(A. Gray) ; observed by myself from 42° 30', in bogs near Salem, tliroughout peninsular New Jersey
to 38° in the Delaware peninsula; by Michaux, from Virginia 4o Florida; by Elliot, in South Carolina;
by Baldsvin, in Florida (Collins); by Chapman, “ Florida to Mississippi, and northward.”
Transported to Europe, is de.scribed by Andrews pl. 112, and Aiton.
Diospvros Viiginiana of Northeast America. The “ piakmine” or persimmon called by the
Louisiana natives “ ougouflé ” — (Bossu trav. 349) : loaves made of the substance of prunes “ like
unto brickes, also plummes of the making and bigness of nuts and have three or four stones in them,”
were seen by De Soto on the Mississippi (soc. Haki.) ; “ mespilorurn genus,” by Le Moyne in Florida;
“ mespila” unfit to eat until soft and tender “ rutilo colore,” by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ;
“ pessemmins,” by Strachey on James river; and “ medlars” on the Hud.son, by the remonstrants
against the policy of Stuyvesant : D. Virginiana is known to grqw from about 41° 30' in New England
(F. A. Mx., and A. Gray) and on the Mississippi (Long’s Exp.) ; was observed by F. A. Michaux
throughout the Southern and Western States; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Croom as far as
30° 30'; by Bartram to 28°; by Chapman, “ Florida to Mississippi, and northward;” by Nuttall, on
the Arkansas, and var. “ pubescens ; ” by E. James, as far as the junction of the Canadian.
Ipomoea pandurnta oi Northeast America. Called by the natives “ mechameck” (Lindl.), and
known from early times: —the “ galbanum mechoacon otherwise called rubarbum album” wa.s employed
medicinally by Dr. Bohun on the James river in the time of Strachey 31 : I. pandurata was
observed by Torrey as far North as 41° on the Atlantic ; by Michaux, in Virginia (Pers.) ; by Elliot,
in South Carolina ; by Baldwin, as far as Matanzas in Florida; by Chapman, “ Florida to Mississippi ; ”
by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; by Short, in Kentucky; and was received by A. Gray from Illinois.
The powdered root “ requires to be given in larger doses than jalap ” (Lindl.).
Colhnsonia Canadensis of Northeast America. The rich-weed or horsc-balm, from early times
used by the natives against the bite of the rattle-snake — (Kalm trav. i. 197, and Forst. cat.) : C.
Canadensis has been observed by myself along 'the Atlantic from 43°; by Bartram, at 40°; by
Schweinitz, at 36° ; by Pursh, from Canada to Carolina (Benth,) ; by Nuttall, on the summit of
Table mountain in North Carolina; by Elliot, on tlie mountains of Carolina; by Chapman, “ Florida
to Mississippi, and northward ; ” by Short, near Lexington in Kentucky ; by A. Gray, as far as Michigan.
From transported specimens, is described by Linnæus.
Laurus {Benzoin) odoriferum of Northeast America, The spice-bush or fever-bush, known to
the natives from early times : — “ a precious gem called wine benjamin, that they say is excellent for
perfumes,” procured according to Higgeson from “ trees” growing near Salem ; B. odoriferum has
been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 43° to 38°; by Schweinitz, at 36°; by Elliot, in
South Carolina; by Michaux, from Canada to Florida; by Baldwin, as far as 31°; by Cliapman,
“ Florida, and northward,” a “ shrub six to ten feet high ; ” by Short, in Kentucky; by Long’s Exp.,
on the Mississippi as far as 41°; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. Transported to Europe, i.s
described by Plukenet aim. pl. 139, and Commelyn hort. pl. 97.
Morus rubra of Northeast America. The red mulberry, known to the natives from early times;
— “ mulberrie trees” were observed by De Soto frequent on the route to Apalache; “ mulberry-
trees,” by Strachey on James river, planted around native dwellings, and said lo grow naturally in
some parts of the country in groves; and “ mulberries” on the Hudson, are enumerated by the
remonstrants against Stuyvesant: M. rubra was observed by F. A. Michaux from Lat. 45° on the
Connecticut river and Lake Champlain Westward and Southward throughout Ohio, Kentucky, and
Tennessee, but rare in the lower portion of our Southern States; by Schweinitz, at 36° ; by Chapman,
in “ rich woods, Florida, and northward;” by N. A. Ware, in Florida and Opelousas; by
Long’s Expedition, on the Mississippi as far as 41°; by Nuttall, and Pitcher, on the Arkansas, and
by E. James on the Lower Canadian. From transported specimens, is described by Linnæus.
Castanea pum ila of Northeast America. The chinquapin, called “ chechniquamins ” by the
F ragaria V irginiana o f N o r th e a s t A m e r ic a . A straw berry c a lle d b y th e N ew E n g la n d n a t iv e s
“ w u tta h im n e a sh ,” an d from e a r ly tim e s b ru is e d with m eal in a m o r ta r an d m ad e in to b re a d , — fu r th e r
d e s c r ib ed b y R . W illiam s (h is t . c o l l. ill. 2 2 1 ) a s “ th e w o n d e r o f a ll th e f ru it s g r o w in g n a tu r a l ly ” in
natives on James river,growing according to Strachey on little trees and very like small acorns ;
according to Newport, “ little sweete nutts like acorns, a verye good fruite,” and again “ certaine
sweet thynn-shelled nutts ” (archæol. ara. i v. 42): “ castaneæ” were seen by Le Moyne in Florida: C.
pumila has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 40° 30' ; by F. A. Michaux, from 40° to
Florida, West Tennessee, and Louisiana; by Schweinitz, at 36°; by Catesby i. pl. 9, and Elliot, in
South Carolina; by Chapman, “ Florida, and northward;” by Baldwin, as far as 31°, by Croom to
30" 30'; by Darby, in Opelousas ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas, and by E. James on the Canadian
branch.
Castanea Amencana of Northeast America. The American chestnut, called by the Narragansets
“ wompimish,” and canoes sometimes made of its trunk (R. Will. 18), its nuts also dried in a
peculiar manner so as to preserve them for a dainty all the year — (Gookin coll. 3) : “ chesnuts ” were
seen by De Soto among the mountains ; “ castanearum quantitas,” by Hariot on the Roanoke (De
Bry i.) ; and “ chesnuts,” by Higgeson near Salem in New England : C. Americana, by myself along
the Atlantic from 44° to 38° ; by Schweinitz, at 36° ; by Elliot,'in the middle district of Carolina ; by
Chapman, in “ West Florida, and northward ; ” by F. A. Michaux, on the Alleghanies of Carolina
and Cumberland mountains of Tennessee ; and by Short, in Kentucky.
Corylus Americana of Northeast America. The American hazel used for bows from early
times: — “ avellane” were seen by Verrazzanus on the coast towards the mouth of the Hudson;
“ corylus” of which bows were made by the natives, by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; “ fil-
berds,” by Higgeson near Salem ; and “ hazle-nuts ” on the Hudson, by the remonstrants against
Stuyvesant : C. Americana, by Michaux from Canada to Florida ; by myself along the Atlantic from
43° to 40° ; by Schweinitz at 36° ; by Elliot, in the upper district of Carolina and Georgia ; by Chapman,
in “ West Florida, and northward,” its branches “ tough and flexible; ” by Short, in Kentucky;
by myself, on the Wabash ; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas.
Myrica cerifera of Northeast America. The wax-inyrtle or bayberry, perhaps one of the three
kinds of berries yielding oil to the natives on the Roanoke (Hariot) ; among the Nantucket natives,
the “ medomhumar ” punishment for boys consisted in filling their nostrils with water in which the
woody portion of its root had been steeped — (Z. Macy in hist. coll. iii. 159) : the “ myrtle” was
seen by W. Wood i. 5 near Plymouth ; M. cerífera, by Lapylaie in Newfoundland; by myself, along
the Atlantic from 45° to 42°; and was received by A. Gray from Lake Erie. From transported specimens,
described by Linnæus.
Myrica Carolinensis of Carolina and the Lower Mississippi. — Possibly the oil-yielding berry
seen by Flariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) : observed by myself along the Atlantic from 39° in the
Delaware peninsula ; by Schweinitz, at 36° near Fayette; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman,
“mostly near the coast, Florida, and northward ; ” and by Nuttall, in Arkansas.
Orontium aquaticum of Northeast America. An Araceous aquatic sometimes oaWeà golden club
( A. Gray) : clearly the “ sacquenummener ” of the Roanoke, growing in stagnant water! its berries
hke capparis but a little larger and requiring eight or nine hours cooking (Har. in De Bry i. 19) ;
and “ ocoughtanamims ” of James river, “ growing in watry valléis and very much like unto capers,”
and which are poisonous unless boiled “ nere halfe a daie ” —(Strachey) : O. aquaticum is known
to grow from Lat. J.2° in Massachusetts (A. Gray) and on the Hudson (Eat.) ; was observed by
myself to 39°; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by N. A. Ware in Florida, and by Croom on the Ock-
lockony; by Chapman, in “ ponds and slow-flowing streams, Florida, and northward ; ” but was not
seen by Nuttall West of the Alleghanies. From transported specimens, is described by Linnæus.
Aagittaria variabilis of North America. The American arrow-head, called by the natives in
Northwest America “ wappatoo ” (R. Brown jun.), in Northeast America “ katniss,” and its root
exlemsively eaten — (Kalm trav. ii. 97, and Forst. cat.) : S. variabilis has been observed by myself
along the Atlantic from 43° to 40°; by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Carolina; by Schweinitz, at
36° ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, “ Florida, and northward ; ” by Short, in Kentucky:
by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; by E. James, at the sources of the Platte ; by Drummond, to 54° on
the Saskatchewan; and in Northwest America, its name “ wappatoo” was found by R. Brown jun.
transferred by the natives to the newly-introduced potato.
Zizania aquatica of Northeast America. The Indian rice is a subaquatic reedy grass, its seeds
trom early times collected and eaten: — “ genus arundinis” bearing grain that resembles rve or
wheat and is boiled and eaten, was seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i, 19) ; and " natioiirne ”
growing as our bents in meadows, its seed not unlike rye but much smaller, by Strachev on James
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