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usually distinguished;” by Wight prodr. 57, in Southern Hindustan. Westward, by Bojer, “ truiv
spontaneous ” on the Mauritius Islands ; and is known to grow in Western Eqiiatoriai Africa (Benth.
fl. mgr.). Cleariy by European colonists, was carried to the West Indies (A. Dec.).
rOTt used medicinally: — observed by Rheede ii. pl. 39 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ on bushes above
Kandalla tank, ’ in the environs of Bombay; by Burmann pl. 92, on Ceylon; by Ainslie, and Roxburgh,
m hedges and shady places as far as Bengal.
T e p h r o s ia p u r p u r e a of Tropical Hindustan. A branching Leguminous plant, its bitter root
from early times used m e d i c in a l l y o b s e r v e d by Rheede i. pl. 55 in Malabar; by Brown, and
Graham, “ common both in the Concan and De c c an” as far as Bombay, “ appearing with the rains
and flowering towards the close of them, when it dies a w a y ; ” by Burmann pi. 32, on Ceylon; by
Amslie, Roxburgh, and Y'lght, as far as the Coromandel coast, its root in decoction prescribed by
native physicians in “ dyspepsia, lientery, and tympanitis ” (Lindl.); was observed by Mason indi»enous
in Burmah. a
A c a c ia ( A l b i z s i a ) o d o r a h s s im a of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. An unarmed tree thirty
to forty feet high, called in Tamil “ kurroo-vaga,” in Telinga “ shinduga” (Dru r . ) ; and its particularly
hard and strong durable timber valued from early times : — observed by Rheede vi. pl. c in
Malabar; by Graham, in “ the Concans” as far as Bombay; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as
far as the Carnatic and Coromandel, “ common everywhere ” and “ one of the most valuable juntee
timbers ; ” by Mason v. 529, indigenous in Burmah. Transported to Europe, is described by Pkikenet
pl. 351. ^
K a n d e h a R h e e d i i oiBxez tide-waters of Hindustan and Burmah. A mangrove shrub or small tree
called in Malabar “ tsjeron-kandel ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bark employed medicinally: —
observed by Rheede vi. pl. 35 in Malabar ; by Graham, as far as Bombay ; by Drury, common in “ the
back-waters m Travancore,” its bark “ used for tanning purposes at C o ch in ; ” by Roxburo-h and
Wight, m the deltas of the Ganges and Coromandel coast; by Mason v. 512 to 515, in the “ manm-ove
swamps^ of Burmah, its bark “ used by the Tavoy women in dying red,” probably “ as a mordant.”
T i i c h o s a i i t h e s c o r d a ta of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Hindustanee
“ boomee-koomura” (Lindl.); and from early times, its tuberous root employed medicinally:
— growing on the banks of the river Megna near its mouth, and described by Rheede, Ainslie and
Roxburgh, its root as large as “ a man’s head ” used by the natives “ as a substitute for calumba root ”
(Lindl., and Drur.).
H ym e n o d y c iio n e x c e l s u m of Western Hindustan. A Cinchonaceous tree fifty feet high called in
Bengalee “ bundaroo” (Lindl.), in the environs of Bombay “ kurwah ” or “ kurdwah” or “ koodyee”
(Gmham) ; and from early times, its fine close-grained wood used for various purposes ; — observed
by Graham “ common along the Ghauts ” as far as Bombay ; by Roxburgh cor. ii. pl. 106, and Wioht
as far as the Circars the two inner layers of the bark possessing all “ the bitterness and astringency
ot 1 eruvian bark, and when iresh in a stronger degree ” (Lindl., and Drur )
G a r d e n ia c a m p a n u la ta of the forests of ChiUagong. A low Cinchonaceous tree, its fruit from
early times used in Hindustan as cathartic and anthelmintic : - observed by Roxburgh, its straight
trunk -soon dividing and subdividing into numerous stiff erect and spreading branches ” (Lindl and
Drur.). • V
UI Eastern Hindustan. A very large Apocynous climber called in Bengalee
luti-am Drur.); and from early times, its fruit eaten : - g r o w in g in the forests of Sylhet and Chit-
tagong and when wounded, yielding copiously juice that changes “ into an indifferent kind of caou t-
c h o u c^ ' (Roxb., and Lmdl).
C ic e n d ia h y s s o p ifoU a of Hindustan. An herbaceous annual called in Tamil “ vallamgu,” in Telimra
nella-gu he ” or “ golimidi ” or “ chevukurti,” in Bengali “ kirota,” in Hindustanee “ chota chiretta ”
(Drur.); the whole plant bitter, and with other Gentianacem, emploved in Hindu.stan from early limes
as a stomachic : - C . hyssopifolia was observed by Burmann afr. pl. 74, Retz ii. 15, Roxburgh, and
Wight, from the banks of the Jumna to Coromandel, in “ moist uncultivated grounds” (Pers Lindl
and Drur.). ^ ^ -
O c ym um s u a v e of Tropical Hindustan. A Labiate plant from early times used there medicinally:
— probably as at the present day, for “ a stomacliic, and a cure for infantile catarrh ” (Lindl.). From
transported specimens, the plant is described by Willdenow (Steud ).
G en io sp om cm p r o s t r a t u m of Western Hindustan. A Labiate herb, prostrate and much branched,
and from early times u.sed as a febrifuge, — as at the present day at Pondicherry (Pers., Burnett, and
Lmdl.) : observed by Rheede x. pl. 92 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in “ S. Concan” (Graham), nearly as
far as Bombay; by Burmann pl. 70, on Ceylon.
M e r ia n d r a B e n g a le n s i s of Eastern Hindustan. A straggling Labiate shrulj, cultivated from early
Umes : - observed by Graham “ in gardens ” at Bombay, the “ taste and odour of the leaves stronger
than that of sage ; by Ainslte, and Roxburgh, as far as Coromandel and Bengal, its “ trunk sometimes
C n r c nm a a n g u s t i f o l ia of Southern Hindustan. A stemless Scitamineous plant called in Malabar
“ kooghei” or “ kooa,” in Tamil “ kooa,” in Hindustanee “ t ikhur” (Drur .) ; and from early times,
arrowroot prepared from its tubers eaten by the natives : — observed by Roxburgh in “ forests from
the banks of the Sona to Nagpore,” the product “ sold in the markets of Benares” (Lindl) ; by Drury,
abounding especially in Travancore, its product “ a favourite article of diet among the natives,” and
largely exported under the name of E a s t I n d ia j i a r r ow r o o t .
“ 539 D. ” (Procop., and Clint.), Milan captured by the Goths and Burgundians : and entrance
into Italy of “ a hundred thousand” French under Theudibert. Who after laying waste the country,
form a treaty with Belisarius and retire.
as thick as a man’s arm,” the “ leaves similar in smell and taste to those o f ” garden sage and “ applied
to the same u s e s ” (L in d l ) ; but Wallich remarked “ an odour like camphor” when the plant is
rubbed. I n d ia n sa g e , “ Salvia Indica,” described by Morison iii. pl. 13, and called “ seotee” in the
environs of Bombay where it is also “ cultivated” (Graham), is regarded by Nimmo as perhaps not
distinct.
C on g ea m l lo s a of Eastern Hindustan. A Verbenaceous plant, its leaves from early times used in
fomentations, — and according to Roxburgh having “ a strong heavy disagreeable smelf” (Lindl.).
P r em n a in t e o r i fo U a of Tropical shores, from Hindustan throughout the Malayan archipelago
and Polynesian islands to Taheiti and beyond. An elliptic-leaved Verbenaceous shrub, from early
times occasionally used in medicine (L in d l ) ; — observed by Rheede i. pl. 53 in Malabar ; by Graham,
“ by the sea shores Bombay,” the bruized leaves having “ a very peculiar and rather unpleasant sme l l ; ”
by N. L. Burmann pl 41, Ainslie, and Roxburgh, as far as the Eastern coast; is termed “ folium
hirci” by Rumphius iii. p. 134; and was observed by myself facing the sea along the Feejeean,
Samoan, and Taheitian islands as far as Metia.
C a l l i c a ip a la n a ta of Tropical Eastern Asia. A Verbenaceous shrub or small tree called in
Tagalo “ pa lis ” or “ tubang dala g ” from being used to intoxicate fish (Blanco), in Tamil “ caat
comul,” in Bengalee “ massandarie,” in Hindustanee “ bastra” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay
“ eisLir” (Graham) ; and from early times employed medicinally: — observed by Rheede iv. pl. 60 in
Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, and on “ the Parr and Rotunda ghauts” as far as
“ Mahableshwur; ’ by Ainslie, Buchanan, Roxburgh, and Royle, as far as Travancore and Coromandel,
its root employed in Upper Hindustan “ in cutaneous complaints,” and in Chittagong a fibre procured
from the inner bark, called a r o o s h a f ib r e but not much valued (Drur.) ; is known to grow also
on Ceylon (fl. Z e y l ) , where its sub-aromatic slightly bitter bark “ is chewed by the Cingalese instead
of betelleaves.” Farther East, was observed by Loureiro i. 70 common in the hedges of Anam ; by
Blanco, well known on the Philippines.
U r t ic a c r e n u la ta of Eastern Bengal Known doubtless from early times, — and according to
Leschenault de la Tour one of the most venomous of the tribe, but Roxburgh iii. 591 is silent on this
point (Drur.).
P i p e r s y lv a t i c u m of the mountainous Northern border of Bengal Perennial-rooted, with branches
creeping on the ground or rooting ivy-like on trees ; called “ pahari peepul” m o u n ta in lo jig -p e p p e r ,
and known from early times : — observed by Roxburgh, the spikes “ used in Bengal both green and
ripe as long pepper ” (Lindl.).
H om a lom e n a a r om a t ic a of Chittagong. A caulescent Araceous plant, with sub-sagittate leaves ;
called “ cuchoo-gundubee ” (L in d l ) , ,and from early limes, the medicinal virtues of its root in high
estimation in Hindustan : — observed by Roxburgh, the root when cut diffusing “ a pleasant •aromatic
scent something like that of Zingiberaceas ” (Lindl ) .
A m o m u m a r om a i i c u m of valleys on the Eastern frontier of Bengal A Scitamineous herb called
in Bengalee “ morung elachi ” (Lindl ) ; and its spicy seeds known from early times: — observed by
Roxburgh, its “ fruit similar in quality to cardamoms for which it is so ld ” in the drug-shops of Hindustan,
“ the seeds are similar in their shape and spicy flavour” (Lindl).
E l e t t a n a m e d ium of Eastern Hindustan. Called there “ do-keswa” (L in d l ) ; and its spicy seeds
known from early times : — growing in the hilly country in the neighbourhood of Sylhet, and “ from the
form of the capsule and the acrid aromatic taste of the seeds ” suspected by Roxburgh to be the “ car-
damomum medium” of European writers on materia medica. The “ semina cardamonil majora ” or
“ wild cardamoms from Calcutta” examined by Pereira in the drug-shops of Europe, are considered
by him belonging perhaps to this species (Lindl ) .
C u r c um a le u c o r h iz a of Eastern Hindustan. Called “ t ik or ” (L in d l ) , and known from early
t ime s :— observed by Roxburgh in the forests of Bahar, its tubers yielding a kind of arrowroot
(Lmdl, and Drur.).
C u r c um a m ibe s cc7i s o i Eastern Hindustan. Known from early times :— observed by Roxburgh
m Bengal, its “ pendulous tubers” yielding “ a very beautiful pure starch like arrow-root,” which the
natives “ prepare and e a t ” (Lindl ) .