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858 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
tinent lo Cape de la Vela; * and returned Eastward as far as the island of Margarita, and thence to
Hayti. , , ,
“ 1500, Jan. 26th” (Churchill coll.), arrival at Cape St. Augustin, on the outer coast ot the new
continent, of Vincent Yanez Pinzón, in the first Spanish ship that crossed the Equator. Continuing
Westward, Pinzón followed the coast as far as the mouth of the river Maranon.
“ March” (Galvan., and Churchill coll.), Peter Alvarez Cabral leaving Portugal. Keeping at a
distance from Africa “ to shorten his way,” he was driven out of his course as far as the new continent
“ in to° S.” Following this coast “ to 17° S.,” he entered a harbour named by him “ Porto Seguro ;
and landing, called the new country “ Santa Cruz.” - (The name “ Brazil” was afterwards mibsti-
tuted, the country abounding in a kind of wood resembling “ presillum” or sappan-wood ; see Caasalpinia
echinata). ' i i m
“ Aug. 23d.” (Major 2d edit. lett. 159 to 160), arrival in Hayti of Francesco de Bobadilla, superseding
Cblumbus, who was sent home in chains ; as appears from his letter written “ Nov. 25th,” just
before reaching Spain.
“ The same year” (Churchill coll., and D’Avezac edit. J. Cart.), from Tercera sailing Northwest,
Gaspar Cortereal followed the land to “ Lat. 50° or more,” to a river loaded with glaciers called by
him “ Rio Nevado;” his own name was given to the country North of Newfoundland (since called
Labrador), and he returned in safety to Lisbon. , , , ,
“ The same year” (Marcel), Kansu Djan-balat succeeded by Toman-Bay, forty-first Memluk
sultan of Egypt.
“ In this year” (Spreng.), Robertus de Valle publishing his Explic. Phn.
“ The same year” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Johannes Nauclerus.
One hundred and seventy-fourth generation. Jan. ist, 1501, onward mostly beyond youth: the
Arab writers, Ebn Ayyas, Soyuti d. 1505 : the Greek writers, Jacobus Triboles d. after 1528, Deme-
trius Zenus d. about 1529, and Leonardus Phortius d. 1531 : Barthelemi de Salignac, Augurellus,
Raphael Volaterranus, Albertus Krantzius, Johannes Trithemius d. 1516 (Pouch,), Plector Boetius,
Paulus Aemilius, Erasmus of Rotterdam, J. Jovianus Pontanus ; Machiavel; Baptista Mantuanus ;
Alexander ab Alexandro ; Dr. Thomas Lynacre; Petrus Pomponatius ; Gawin Douglas ; Sannaza-
rius; Cornelius Agrippa; the scholastic theologians, Thomas de Vejo Cajetanus, Jacobus Almainus,
Sylvester Frieras, Franciscus Victoria, and Dominicus a Soto: tlie Italian poet Ariosto: the editor
Aldus Manutius: the architect Donato Lazzari called Bramante d. 1514: the painters, Leonardo da
Vinci d. 1519, Raphael d. 1520, Luca Signorelli d. 1521, Pietro Perugina d. 1524, Lucas Cranach cl.
1553 Michele Angelo d. 1563, Giorgio Barbarell! called Giorgione cl. 1511, Titian d, 1576, Antonio da
Corregió d. 1534, Benvenuto Tisio called Garofalo d. 1559: the engravers, Maso Finiguerra b. 1460,
Albert Durer d. 1528. „ , 1
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 361), bv the Theological Faculty of Mayence, following the example
of the Academies of Paris and Cologne, adoption of the decree of the Conception without sin, “ Mariam
sine peccato original! conceptam.” They who dissented, were termed “ Macuhsts.”
“ The same yeS ” (D’Avezac edit. J. Cart.), from Portugal sailing West-northwest, Cortereal
-on his Second voyage found land at the distance of “ two thousand miles,” _covered with woods and
well-peopled, supposed by him a continuation of the Northern land seen on his previous voyage. He
followed the coast “ six or seven hundred miles,” and captured many of the natives ; “ fifty ” of whom
he retained in his own ship, which never returned. The other ship with “ eight” natives on board,
reached Lisbon “ Oct. 8th.”
“ The same year” (Churchill coll.), from Lisbon Juan de Nova sailing in mid ocean discovered
“ in 8° S.” a small island which received the name of “ Conception ” or “ Ascension.” In the Indian
Ocean, another small island, that which bears his name. — And on re-entering the Atlantic, he found
a third small uninhabited island “ in 15° S.,” which received the name of “ St. Helena.”
“ The same year” (art cle verif.), Toman-Bay succeeded by Kansu El-Gouri, forty-second Mem-
Ink sultan of Egypt. — The mosque and tomb built by him, is “ at the extremity of the bazar Ghoreeh ”
in Cairo (Wilk. theb. and eg. 297).
“ The same year (= 2161st of Synmu,” art de verif.), Tsutsi-Mikaddo succeeded by his sou
Kasiawabara, now dairo of Japan.
* Manritia flexuosa of Guayana. The hammocks seen by Vespucci on the South American
coast —in part of fibres of the “ ita ” palm ; which also furnishes the natives with bread and wine,
the pith being converted into flour, and the trunk tapped at a certain season for a saccharine drink
(Schomb. edit. Ralegh) ; M. flexuosa was observed in the same district by Plumboldt and Bonpland
(Steud). From transported specimens, is described by the younger Linnæus suppl. 454 (Pers.).
Bromelia caraguata of Guayana. Called there “ caraguata ” (Scliomb,), and the other material
of the hammocks seen by Vespucci —clearly its fibres (Schomburgk edit. Ralegh).
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 859
“ 1502, April” (Galvan.), three ships sent by king Manuel of Portugal, after following the
Brazilian coast to “ about 32° S.” turned back, finding it tempestuous and cold.
“ In this year” (Galvan.), Vasco da Gama on his Second voyage sailing from Mozambique direct
for Plindustan, discovered an island “ in Lat. 4“,” and named it after himself “ Almirante.” Pie left
there Vincent Sodre with five ships “ to keep the coast of India.”
“ In this year (= 908 A. H.” of the Kurrat el-Ayun, Badger edit. Varthem. 61), seven vessels
seized by the Portuguese between Hindu.stan and Ormuz, and most of the crews murdered.
“ In this year” (Lubke and Lutrow), in England, the chapel or choir in Westminster abbey built
by Henry V II.
Af this lime (Spreng.), Io. Costmus writing his Adnot. in Mesue. — He died “ In 1503.”
“ The same year ” (Siguenz., coll. Mendoz., Clavig. ii., and Humb. atl. pict.), Ahuitzotl succeeded
by Motezuma-Xocojotzin, or Montezuma II., ninth Mexican emperor.
“ In this year ” (Gomara ii.), Alfonso Hoeida following the coast of Terra Firma to the province
of Uraba— (Gulf of Darien).
“ Aug. 14th, Sunday” (F. Columb. 88 to 108), Columbus, accompanied on his Fourth voyage
by his son Ferdinand, sailing West beyond Hayti discovered land (Cape Honduras) ; and a party
was sent on shore to take possession. Turning back, Columbus followed the coast to its Eastern
termination, termed by him “ cape Gracias a Dios.” At “ Guanaia,” an outlying island, natives were
seen ; and proved to be “ like those of the other islands, but not of such high foreheads ”
A large canoe had put in here, laden “ with commodities brought from the westward, and bound
towards New Spain ; ” with quilts ; clouts, to wear in front ; “ shirts of cotton, without sleeves, curiously
wrought and dy’d of several colours ; ” large sheets, in which the women, who would besides
“ hide their faces,” wrapped themselves; long wooden swords, edged with sharp bits of “ flint fix’d
with thread” (compare sharks’-teeth swords of the Kingsmill Islanders); hatchets to cut wood “ made
of good copper, also bells of the same metal, plates and crucibles to melt the metal; ” “ cacao ” or
chocolate nuts (aiterwards found to pass for money) ; and for drinking, “ a sort of liquor made of
inaiz" —(chicha, mentioned by Oviedo nat. hyst. f. 16, and observed by myself in u.se in Peru).
On the main land opposite, the natives proved to be “ much like those of the islands, but that
their foreheads are not so high, nor do they seem to have any religion: ” they wore a covering in
front; and there were “ several languages among them.” Columbus in one of his letters (Major
2d edit. 200) mentions ferocious “ puercos ” {Dicotyles), one of them subdued by a monkey called
“ begare” winding its tail around the snout (Cebus), “ gallinas muy grandes y la pluma como lana”
{Rhea), “ leones” (Felis pum a), “ ciervos” (Cervus), “ corzos otro tanto ” ( . . . . ) , “ yasiaves”
/irds).
From Cape Gracias a Dios, Columbus foiiowed the coast South (F, Columb.). After some days,
other natives made their appearance : “ brandishing their spears, blowing horns, and beating a drum
in a warlike manner ” (Polynesian customs); also “ chewing herbs ” and “ spurting it towards ” the vessel.
Columbus kept on as far as a harbour named by him “ Porto Bello ” and several leagues beyond
(meeting with, according to Barcia i. 112, and Sprengel, “ palmam” with wmey irm t Bactris minor)
while seeking a passage into the South Sea by a “ streight” he had heard of: — (ascertained some
years later to be a narrowing, not of the sea but of the land).
“ 1503, in the beginning of the year” (F. Columb. 88 to loS), returning as far as Veragua,
Columbus attempted to settle a colony ; but was compelled to withdraw to Jamaica ; — reached Hayti
“ Aug. 13th, 1504; ” Spain “ Nov. 7th” (Major 2d edit. lett. 235); and died “ May 20th, 1506” (F.
Columb.).
“ Sept. 22d” (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander VI. succeeded by cardinal Francis Piccolomini or
Pius I I I . ; and “ Nov. ist,” by cardinal Julian della Rovere or Julius II., sixty-second pope and a
'warrior. Maximilian ruling Germany and Italy; and Louis X II., France.
“ In this year ” (Johnst, east, bord.), marriage of James IV. of Scotland with Margaret Tudor:
on which occasion, a poem on the “ Hirissel and the rois ” composed by Dunbar.
“ In this year” (Spreng., and Winckler), Pandolfo Collenucci writing his Simplic. Plin., in
response to Leonicenus. — He was slain “ in 1504,” and his work was published with Brunfels herb,
“ ill 1531.”
“ 1504 A. D, = 17th year of the ‘ houng-tchi ’ of Pliao-tsoung II.” (Chinese chron. table), beginning
of the Seventieth cycle. By census, the population of China found to consist of “ 53,280,000
persons; a diminution of about 7,000,000 within a little over a century” (Pauth. p. 405).
‘■In this year” (palm-leaf ann. Jag., and W. W. Hunter, Stirling giving 1503), Puru.shottama
Deva succeeded by Pratab Rudra Deva, now king of Orissa; a le.irned man, deeply versed in the
Sastras. — He was finally converted to the Vaidik faith, built the temple of Baraha at Jajpur, extended
his conquests as far as Cape Comorin, and reigned “ twent)-eight years.”
‘•In this year” (Anderson, and Holmes ann. Amer.), the banks off Newfoundland visited by
1:7 {
xi ii).
I