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Burmann pl. 77, on Ceylon ; by Mason v. 479, indigenous in Burmah, and its bark used medicinally.
B y European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Lindl., not mentioned by Bojer). Its
bark called in commerce coness/, “ has been introduced into European practice on account of its
astringent febrifugal qualities” (Lindl.).
A s c l e p ia s (C a lo t r o p i s ) g ig a n t e a of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Bengalee “ akund,” in Telinga
“ nella-jilledoo,” in Tamil “ yercum,” in Malabar “ yerica,” in Hindustanee “ mudar ” or “ ark ” (Drur.),
in the environs of Bombay “ arka ” or “ akaree ” or “ rowee ” (Graham), in Burmah “ ma-yo ” (Mason),
in Tagalo “ capal capal ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize “ searching for the herb ‘ acun’ but only
desire its mi lk ” of the Ramayana— (transl. W. Jones), honey in the “ a rkka ” flower of a Sanscrit
proverb (Wils. edit. Sankh. karik. i i ) , and the “ a rka ” yielding milk prescribed by Susrutas sutr.
36 to chik. I to 25 : C. gigantea is termed “ madorius” by Rumphius vii. pl. 14 auct. 24; was
observed by Rheede ii. pl. 31 in Malabar; by Graham, “ common everywhere” as far as Bombay,
its powdered root “ given to horses,” .and according to TAvemlovv an intoxicating liquor called “ b a r ”
obtained from the plant by “ the hill people about Mahableshwur; ” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight,
throughout the peninsula, employed for various medicinal and economic purposes, and according to
Royle yielding a kind of manna called muclar-sugar (Drur.) ; was observed by Mason “ 'exot ic” in
Burmah ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, white-flowered. The plant according to Lindley furnishes
the singular substance by Duncan called m u d a r in e , “ possessing the property of coagulating by heat
and becoming again fluid by exposure to cold.” (See C. procera.)
D a t u r a m e t e l of Tropical and subtropical Asia. A species of th o zm -a p p le called in Egypt
“ el-nefyr” the trumpet (Del.), in Yemen “ mandj” or “ bendj” (Forsk.), in Sanscrit “ datoura ”
(A. Dec.), in Bengalee “ dhootoora,” in Hindustanee “ sada-dhatoora,” in Telinga “ tella-oomatie,”
in Tamil “ vellay-oomatay ” (Drur.^ in Burmah “ pa-daing-phoo,” in Tagalo and Pampango “ talam-
ponai,” in Bisaya “ tacbibung” (Blanco) ; and the “ dature ” of Vaimiki ram. iv. 29 — (transl. Gorr.)
ma y b e compared: D. metel is termed “ stramonia indica” by Rumphius v. pl. 87 (Buchan linn,
trans. xiv. 232); was observed by Rheede ii. pl. 28 in Malabar; by myself, around Bombay; by
Graham, “ among rubbish about villages all over the country ” and “ fatally used by Bombay thieves ”
“ to deprive their victims of the power of res is tance;” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury,
throughout Hindustan, employed also medicinally; by Mason, “ exot ic” in Burmah and frequent
“ around native dwellings; ” by Loureiro i. n o , in Anam; by Blanco, on the Philippines, its leaves
“ alga.vellosasYl Westward from Hindustan, the “ jawz methil ” of Gafeki grows according to Ebn
Baitar in Africa! and Spain and has “ a large white flower : ” D. metel was observed by myself in
waste places on Zanzibar ; by Forskal, among the mountains of Tropical Arab ia ; by him, and myself,
frequent in waste places in Eg yp t ; by Belon, and Chaubard, on Crete and the Peloponnesus; by
Matthioli ph, Gussone, Moris, and Boissonade, naturalized on Sicily, Sardinia, the Canary Islands
(Pers.), and in Southern Spain. By European colonists, was carried to America where it has become
naturalized in Mexico, around Guyaquil, and in Southern Brazil (Cham., Dunal. Sellow, and A. Dec.).
D . f a s t u o s a , with “ frequently double flowers,” the “ krishnacPhattura ” or “ krurad’hurttaraka ” of
Susrutas according to Hessler, and “ zamr el-sultan” sultan’s trumpet of Egypt (Del.), observed by
Rheede ii. pl. 29 in Malabar, by Graham as far as Bombay, by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Buchanan, in
other parts of Hindustan, by Mason “ e x o t ic ” in Burmah, and by Blanco on the Philippines, is
regarded as probably not distinct. (See Hyoscyamus muticus.)
V i t e x ? ieg u n d o o i T r o 'g icA l Hindustan. A large shrub called in Arabic “ fenjengisht ” (J. F.
Wats.), in Sanscrit “ sindoowara ” or “ sindooka ” or “ indrasoorusa ” or “ indranika ” or “ nirgoondi,”
in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ nisinda ” (Lindl.), in Telinga “ wayala,” in Tamil “ vellay noochie”
(Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ neergoonda ” (Graham) : “ vitici negundi ” are mentioned by
Vaimiki v. 74 — (transl. Gorr.); the “ phenegsenkeset,” by Avicenna ;^the “ sinduvara” by Kalidasa
kum. iii. 53, its flowers substituted for pearls, is mentioned also by Susrutas : V. negundo was
o b s e r v ed b yR h e ed e i i .p l . 12 in Malabar; by Graham, “ in large patches both in the Concan and
Deccan,” as also by myself ; by Buchanan, Roxburgh, and Wight, as faras Deyra Dhoon and Bengal,
its root fruit and leaves employed medicinally by the natives, the dried leaves smoked by the Mohammedans
in cases of headache and catarrh (Drur.).
by some writers regarded distinct, its leaves hoary beneath, is called in Telinga
“ neela vayalie,” in Tamil “ neer-noochie ” (Drur.), in Burmah “ kyoung-ban ” (Mason) ; was observed
by Rheede ii. pl. 11 in Malabar; by Roxburgh, and Ainslie, as far as Coromandel, its root fruit and
leaves'also employed by the natives medicinally (Drur.) ; by Burmann pl 109 on Ceylon; by Mason
V . 413 to 479 “ exot ic” in Burmah and “ much cultivated” by the natives, the leaves applied in
“ disea.ses of the spleen.” Farther East, was observed by Blanco common along the seashore of
the Philippines, called in Bisaya “ gapasgapas,” in Ylocano “ dangla,” in Tagalo “ lagundi,” its leaves
used by the natives medicinally ; is termed “ lagondium vulgare ” by Rumphius iv. pl. 18 as observed
on the Moluccas.
“ The same y e a r ” (. . . . Cockayne iii. 453), Sledda succeeded by his son Saeberht as king of
Essex. — He was converted and baptized in “ 604.”
“ From the Sixth century” (Julien, and Pouchet), w o o d - e n g r a v in g s in use among the Chinese :—■
and “ from the end of the Fourteenth century,” in Holland.
Manuscripts of the “ end of the Sixth century ” (De Wailly pl. ii. 5),'presenting the following form
of the letter y .
600 A. D. — “ 525 an. jav.” (of Adi Mang’gala = omitting the two kings of Guj’rat “ 491 2 -\-
27 + 5 years ” of Nata Kasuma, Raffles ix. and x.), death of Jaya Misana, and founding of Brambanaii
the “ first capital of J a v a ” by Sawela Chala. Who came v/ith a fleet of vessels from Guj’rat and made
an alliance with Aru Bandan “ recently arrived from the Moluccas,” to whom he confirmed the “ eastern
provinces including Balambangan.” — The temples at Brambanan “ are stated to have been constructed
during” the first three reigns “ by artists invited from” Hindustan, and (as appears from the
very extensive ruins) are exclusively Braminical.
One hundred and forty-seventh generation. Jan. ist, 601, onward mostly beyond youth: the
Chinese historian Li-yan-tcheou (Klapr.) : the Arab poets Tarafa, Lebid, Antar, Zohair, Amru, and
Hareth (six of the seven authors of the Moallakat preserved at Mecca), Ascha d. 628-9: the Greek
grammarian Joannes Philoponus; Secundus historian of the Lombards ; the Greek writers, Joannes
ol the Climax, Anasta.sius Sinaites, Joannes Moschus: the Latin ecclesiastical writer Jonas Flybernas
of England (Alst. p. 404).
“ The same year r = ‘ jin-cheou,’ ist year of Wou-ti VI I . , of the S o u i ” or Fourteenth dynasty —
(Chinese chron. table).
“ The same year ” (Alst. p. 369), Hesychius or Isychius bishop of Jerusalem enumerating various
evidence of the truth of Christianity in his “ Commentary on Leviticus.” % »c
P t e r o c a r p u s d a lb e r g io id e s of Tropical Eastern Asia. Called in commerce A n d a m a n r 'ed %vood, in
Telinga “ erra-vegisa ” (J. F. Watson); and the crimson “ andami” wood of Zohair.— ma ybe compared
: P. dalbergioides is described by Balfour for. ind. 196.
“ The same y e a r ” = “ 20th year of Mauricius” (Clint, iii. p. 574), the last year marked in the
Alexandrian chronicle : — the chronicle ending “ Nov. 22d ” in the following year.
“ 602, Nov. 23d ” (Clint, iii. p. 574), Mauricius succeeded by Phocas, thirteenth Byzantine emperor.
Who issued an edict for the “ baptism of all the Jews in his dominions” (. . . .).
“ 603 A. D . ” (Bed. hist. eccl. i. 34), by Aedilfrid king of Northumbria, the Scots defeated at
“ Degsas tan” i. e. “ Degsa lapis,” and compelled to quit English territory. The name of the battlefield
includes an early example of an English word.
“ 604 A. D. = 4th year of the ‘ ji*;i"Cheou ’ of Wou-ti V I I . ” (Chinese chron. table), beginning of
the Fifty-fifth cycle.
“ In the time of the S o u i ” (topog. Cant., and Pauth. 473), Chinese ambassadors sent to the surrounding
nations. “ Mention is also made of a tribe Mozin” (Ainos) “ living in the mountains
Northwest o f ” Japan (Sieb. elucid. Vries p. 122).
“ In the reign of S u ik o ” (Jap. centen. comm. 116), “ the first notions oox\q.^xxi\x\g gardening '^ ''
introduced by a Corean into Japan.
“ March 12th” (Clint.), death of Gregorius Maguus, sixty-second bishop of Rome. He was
succeeded by Sabinianus.
“ 605 A. D. = ‘ ta-ye,’ ist year of Yang-ti, of the Soui ” or Fourteenth dynasty (Chinese chron.
table). He constructed the Southern and earliest portion of the Great canal ; from Hang-tcheou
North, as far as Hoai-ho in Kiang-nan (Pauth. 280 and 365).
“ The same y e a r ” (Nicol) , a synod at Canterbury; “ to confirm the foundation of the abbey of
St. Peter and Paul, the first” one built in England.
“ 606 A. D . ” (Alst., Blair, and Nicol.), precedence granted by Phocas lo the bishop of Rome.
And Sabinianus succeeded by Bonifacius the third, now made head-bishop of the Christians, or archbishop.
A column standing in the Roman forum, has recently been ascertained to be dedicated to the
emperor Phocas (Hillard trav. in Ital. x. 3).
“ 607 A. D.” (A ls t , and Nicoh), at Rome, Bonifacius the third succeeded by Bonifacius the
fourth, second archbishop.
“ 610 A. D.” (Pauth. 282), by the emperor Yang-ti. an expedition sent a ga ins f the Lieou-khieou
(Loo-choo) Islands : and “ more than five thousand ” of the islanders of both sexes transported into
China. A treaty of peace also concluded with the Coreans, recognizing their independence.
“ Ihe same y e a r ” (Alst. pp. 346 and 392), in a synod at Rome, the institution by the fourth Bonifacius
of “ All the saints” festival; after, by leave of the emperor, removing from the Pantheon the
statue of Cybele, and substituting the Virgin Mary.
“ Oct. 5th, Monday ” (Clint, iv. p. 827), Phocas slain. He was succeeded by Heraclius, fourteenth
Byzantine emperor.
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