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5 0 6 CH RO NOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
“ r. sylvestris pomifera major” by Bauhin, and Tournefort inst. 638, and is known to grow in the
woods of middle Europe (Pers., and engl. bot. pl. 583) ; was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos.
Rosa montana of Western Europe. A white-flowered species called in Italy “ rosa di macchia”
or “ spine bianche ” (T arg.), and the S P I N A • A L B A of Pliny xv. 34, its P 0 M V M being the stem
Itself.— may be compared: R. montana is termed “ r. myrtifolia ” by the younger Haller, “ r. olei-
carpa ” and “ r. sepium ” by Thuillier, “ r. biserrata ” by Merat, was observed by Villars in Datipliiny,
by C Ch. Gmehn near Baden and termed “ r. agrestis” (S teud.); by O. Targioni-Tozetti, in open
uncultivated nlaces and along hedges in Italy.
Rasa pimpinellifolia of the Mediterranean countries. A small species called in Italy “ rosa
pimpmella ” (Targ.), and the S P I N E A or S P I N EO L A of Pliny xxi. 10, a kind of rose with small
gleraovwe si n— S(oAuitnhsewr,n) , Emuaryo pbee (Pcoemrsp.)a. red; R. pimpinellifolia is described by Linnæus, and is known to
Rosa alba of Western Europe. The P R A E C O X - C AM P A N A rose of Pliny xxi. 10, one of the
two C E L E B E R R I M A species, — is referred here by Sprengel : R. alba is described by Duhamel,
Linnæus, and m fl. dan. pl. 1215 ; is termed “ r. usitatissima ” by Gatereau (Steud.) ; is well known
m the gardens of Europe (Pers.) ; and was observed bv Delile in gardens at Cairo
Rosa Provincialis of Western Europe. Called in Britain Province rose from the villa»e of
Provins near Pans where it used to be cultivated (Prior), in France “ roses pom pones” (P ers.)l the
P R A E N E S T I N A rose of Pliny xxi. 10, one of the two C E L E B E R R I M A kinds, — is referred here
by Clusius (Spreng.): R. Provincialis is described by Ehrhart, Poiret, Dumont de Courset, and Roes-
sig (Steud.) ; was observed by C. Ch. Gmelin near Baden; is known to grow also in Bohemia Italy
France, and Spain (Pers.). «
_ }^osa rubiginosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain swcetbriar
(Pi-ior), and the R V B 0 R V M ■ R 0 S A growing according to Pliny xxi, 10 and xxiv. 74 on the R V B 0
and even there having a pleasant odour, - may be compared : the “ bramble flour that bereth the red
hepe ot Chaucer 1367Ó, may also be compared: the “ swete brere ” is mentioned by Turner pl ■
R. rubiçnosa is termed “ r. sylvestris foliis odoratis” by Tournefort inst. 63S, “ r. foi. subtus rubio-i!
nosis ” by Halier; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl.
870, Lightf., Jacq. austr. pl. 50, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus.
By European colonists, was carried prior to 1670 (Josselyn) to Northeast America, where it
has become naturalized ; was also carried to Hindustan, where it continues “ in gardens, a delicate
plant (Graham); and to Burmah (Mason).
Geum urbanum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain ave,is or herb
bemtff by Topsell and Askliam “ avance,” by Galfridus pr. pm. “ avence,” in medieval Latin “ a vencía
^ or “ avantia” (Prior), in Germany “ nelkenwurz,” in Italy “ cariofillata ” (Lenz), and the G EVM
having according to Phny xxvi. 2i slender black fragrant roots of an agreeable flavour, — is referred
here by wnters : the “ herba benedicta” is mentioned by Platearius, and the “ anancia” in the Ortus
sanitatis (Prior) : G., urbanum is termed “ caryophyllata vulgaris ” by Tournefort inst. 204 and
IS known to grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (Pet. h. brit pl l o fl
Dan. pl. 672, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Fraas, in shaded situations
from Constantinople to mount Athos and Corax. The root according to Lindley is aslrin»ent
and in some degree aromatic, said to give an agreeable dove-like flavour to beer and even to wini ” ’
Mesembryanlhemum Copticum of tlie Egyptian Desert. - The ACINOS ' EPI PETRON-VO
CANT that never flowers, enumerated by Pliny xxi. 52 among the esculent plants of E»vpt - mav be
compared; capsules of “ M. geniculiflorum ” were found by Forskal p. 98 soaked and dried by the
Bedoums and the seeds separated for making bread, which however is not eaten by otlier Arabs •
the plant was observed by him, growing in the Desert around the Pyramids, and called “ »liasul” or
samhh ; and by Delile, not far from Cairo in the Desert. (See M. nodiflorum )
^ Western Europe. The A N T H R I S C V S having medicinal properties according
to I hny xxn. 3 8 ,— IS referred here by Dalechamp 791 (L in n .): M. temula is described liy
Morison 9. pl, 10, ,s termed “ scandix nutans” by Moench, and is known to occur alón» waysides
and in cultivated ground throughout Western Europe, the young umbels nodding (C u rllon d pl ,
JPaaclqla. s,a uasst rfa. rp al,s 6R5u, sasniad (SPteerusd..));. was observed by Linnæus in Sweden; by Roth, in German/y ;’ b7y
^ Oenanthepjicllandrium of Northern Europe and Asia, Calleci in Britain water-fennel (Prior)
in Germany < weiertenchel ” or “ wilden fenchel ” (Trag.) ; and the P H E L L A N D R I 0 N of Pliny
x ^ n . ,01 growing m marshes, its leaflike APII, and its seed used against calculus and other affec-
an‘^d 0M/a1tth iol, i f81 2 /(cS’p“r"e"n'g .;) J is™ t erm®ed™ “bpyh wellraintedrrsi;u mO ea. qpuhaetilclaunmd r”i ubmy Lisi ndneæscursi;b eids kbnyo wTnra gtou sg 4r2o7w,
m Siberia and the Crimea (Lmdl), and throughout middle and Nortliern Europe (Engl. bot. nl. 684,
fcla. tDa a“nb upt l.i nI IaS l4e,s sC rdaengtrze, ea,n”d P ers.). The plant according to Lindley is “ poisonous lik e” Oe. croOF
A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A LS A N D P L A N T S. 5 0 7
Eryngium maritimum of the seashore along the Mediterranean and Atlantic as far as Denmark.
Called in Britain sea-holm or sea-hoUy (A insw .), and the ERYNGE or ERYNGION distinguished by
Pliny xxii. 8 as growing by the seaside, A P I l-Ieaved and more rigid, — may be compared : also the
“ hiringiu” identified with the “ cardus marinus vel benedictus” by Symon Januensis sinon.: E.
maritimum is described by Parkinson theatr. p. 988, Morison vii. pl. 36, and Tournefort inst. 327 ;
and is known to grow on the seashore of Western Europe (fl. Dan. pl. 875, Engl. bot. pi. 718, and
Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in maritime sand from Constantinople
to the Peloponnesus and Greek islands. Having according to Lindley “ similar properties”
with E. campestre “ but in a less degree;” E. maritimum may furnish a portion of the
“ eryngium” root found by Forskal mat. med. employed medicinally in Egypt.
Cnidium silaus of middle Europe. Called in Britain meadow saxifrage or pepper saxifrage
(Prior), in Germany “ seselkraut” (Grieli), and the S I LA VS growing according to Pliny xxvi. 56 in
gravelly places along streams, a cubit high and resembling APII, cooked as an acid potherb and
besides used medicinally, is referred here by writers; C. silaus is described by Tabernaemontanus,
and Rivinus pl. 59 ; and is known to grow in moist situations from Switzerland and Southern France
throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Jacq. austr. pi. 15, Pers., and Spreng.).
Filago Germanica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain herb impious
(Prior), and the H E R B A - 1 M PI A hoary with the aspect of RORI SMARINI according to Pliny xxiv.
113, capitate and giving out branclilets that are capitate, like children rising above their parent,—
is referred here by writers : F. Germanica is termed “ f. seu im pia” by Tournefort inst. 454; and is
known to occur in pa.stures and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe as Lir as Denmark (fl.
Dan. pl. 997, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent
from the Peloponnesus to the Greek islands; and by Delile, around Alexandria and Cairo. By
European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where I have occasionally met with it in
waste ground in our Northern and middle States.
Beilis perennis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain daisy, in Old
English and by Chaucer “ da eseyghe.” in Anglo-Saxon “ dmges-eage ” (Prior), in Germany “ ganse-
blume” or “ ganseblurachen” (Grieb), in France “ marguerite ” (N ugent), in Italy “ margheritina ”
or “ primo fiore” or “ pratolina ” or “ bellide ” (Lenz), in Greece “ asprolouloutha,” in which we
recognize the B ELLIS growing IN-PRATIS among grass according to Pliny xxvi. 13, its flower
white ALIQVATEN VS-RVBENTE to some extent blushing, and when mixed and smeared rendering
ARTEMISIA more efficacious: — B. perennis is termed “ masslieben premula veris ” in the
Ortus sanitatis pl. 333, “ primula veris” by Brunschwygk ii. 8, and Fuchsius pl. 145, “ fior di prima-
vera” in French “ marguerites” by Matthioli p. 653 (Prior), and is known to grow in grassy situations
from Italy throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 503, and Pers.), extensively
multiplied in consequence of the removal of the forest. Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and
Chaubard, throughout Greece and the Greek islands. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast
America, where it continues under cultivation only as a favourite greenhouse plant.
H yospis minima of Western Europe. A small annual called in Britain swine succory (Prior),
a translation of the HYOSERIS of Pliny xxvii. 64 ; — H. minima is termed “ arnoseris pusilla ” by
Gaertner pl. 157; was observed by Allioni in Northern Italy (Steud.); and is known to grow in sandy
soil throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 201, Lam. fl. fr , and Pers.).
Hyoseris scab,-a of the Mediterranean countries. Possibly the plant in question, the name bein»
of Greek origin, and the HYOSERIS described by Pliny as INTVBO- SIMILI S- SED-MINOr I
ET-T A C T V-A S P E R I 0 R bruised and applied to wounds : — H. scabra i.s termed “ hieracium minimum
supinum tragopogoni capitulis ” by Boccone pl. 106 as observed in S icily; was observed by
Allioni in Northern Italy (Steud.) ; is known to grow also in France and Barbary (Pers.) ; and was
observed by Sibthorp in Caria and on Cyprus.
Bcllium bellidioides of the Mediterranean countries. The B E L LIO described by Pliny xxi. 25
as crowned with flowers in the form of little balls, — mentioned also by Apuleius Barbarus 57, is
lefeired here by Billerbeck, and others: B. bellidioides is termed “ bellis maritima minima roris
solis folio Cyrnica” by Boccone pl. 107; is described also by Tournefort inst. 491 ; and is known
to grow iu Italy, Corsica, and on the Balearic Islands (Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibtliorp
on the islands of Euboea and Rhodes.
Doronicum scorpioides of the mountains of Western Europe. The SCORPION described by
my XXV. 75 tts GENICVLATA and growing in the sliade, — may be compared: D. scorpioides,
nistiiiguished by its geniculate root, is described by Matthioli p. 762, and Columna (Spreng.) ; and
I grow on the mountains of Corsica and France (Pers., Mohl, and A. D ec.).
Callistephus Chinensis oi Eastern Asia. Called in Britain China aster, in France “ reine maradonide
” (Targ.), in which
— C. Chinensis continues a
is known to
Í) ; I : .
7 ':7 f p. :
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guerite” (queen daisy, see Prior, and Graham), in Italy “ adoni
we recognize the ADON IVM sown in the summer of Pliny xxi. 34;