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rosa, Urtica capitata, Shepheraia Canadensis, Smilax rotundifolia, Acer striaturn, Aspidium Nove-
boracense, A . marginale, Trisetum Pennsylvanicum ( “ T. palustre” of Tor. ?). — He returned at the
end of two years, published an account of his travels “ in 1753-61,” and died “ in 1779.”
“ 1748, Oct, 7 th ” (Blair, and Holmes), at Aix la Chapelle, signing of a treaty of peace between
France and Britain : by which. Cape Breton was restored to France,
The currencies in the American colonies now much depreciated ; especially in New England,
where the rate of Exchange was eleven for one (Minot i. 146, and Holmes).— Soon afterwards, an
Act of parliament restraining bills o f credit in the colonies, and prohibiting making these bills “ a legal
tender for the payment of debts.”
“ The same year ” (Maunder), Al Muick, “ nizam ” or ruler of the Deccan, succeeded by his son
Nazir Jung. Whose elder brother being excluded, war ensued ; in which the residents of thé British
and French East India Companies engaged, taking opposite sides: the British being led by a writer, Clive.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckler), G. Juan and Ant. Ulloa publishing their Viage to Chili, Peru, and
Juan Fernandez.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Linnæus publishing his Hort. Upsal., enumerating Crassula verticillaris,
Cacalia suaveolens 254.
“ 1749 A. D .” (univ. hist. xl. 194, and Holmes), Acadié having been by the late treaty confirmed
to Britain, its name now changed to “ Nova Scotia,” and the city of “ Halifax” was founded.
“ In this ye ar” (Linn. fl. suec.), Eberh. Rosen publishing his Observ. Botanicæ.
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), arrival of Hasselquist in the East. — He died in “ 1752,” and his
Flor. Palest, was published by Linnæus in “ 1756.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), arrival of Adanson in Senegal. — He returned “ in 1753,” and published
his Seneg. “ in 1757.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. sp. pl., and Winckl.), Dalibard publishing his Flor. parisiense.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith ed. fl. lapp. 88), Larsius Montin visiting Lapland, meeting with
Juncus biglurnis.
“ In this y e a r ” (title-pages), Linnæus publishing the First volume of the Amoen. acad., enumerating
Viola Canadensis 159 (Willd.), — the Second “ in 1762.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. sp. pl.), Haller publishing his Hort. Goetting.
' Reseda odorata of the North African Desert. Called in Britain mignonette, in France “ reseda”
(Prior), in Italy “ amoretti d’E g itto ” or “ amorino d’E g it to ” (Ta rg.); described by Haller hort.
goett. 95, — Miller pl. 217 (Spreng.) ; termed “ r. Ægyptiaca” in Flor. palæst. (Linn, amcen. acad. iv.
457) ; known to grow in Syria and Barbary, and observed by Delile in gardens at Alexandria. Transported
to Europe (Curt. mag. pl. 29, and Pers.) and Northeast America, has become a favourite
garden plant on account of the agreeable odour of its flowers.
“ 1750 A. D .” (Minot i. 130, and Holmes), the policy of the British government now tending
towards encouraging the production of raw materials in the colonies, and discouraging or even prohibiting
manufactures.
“ Feb. 28th” (Blair), the interest on the English funds reduced to three per cent.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), after his Cat. hort. med. Viadrin. “ in 1744,” Pet. Imman. Hartmann
publishing his Flora Francofiirtana,
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), letter professedly from' Emmanuel, a youth of fifteen years, to his
father Albert v. Haller, contaming objections to the new Classification proposed by Linnæus.
Crepis setosa of the mountains of Switzerland and the Tyrol. Observecl by the younger Haller
on mount St. Bernard and the Rhaetian Alps — (see Pers.) ; by Carl Chr. Gmelin in the environs of
Baden ; and known to occur in cultivated ground in Pannonia, Croatia, Slavonia, and Banatus (Waldst.
and Kitaib. i. pl. 43, Pers., and Steud.). In Britain, introduced among imported seeds since 1843,
has made its appearance in the Isle of Wight and in Scotland (Bab., Bromf., and A. Dec.).
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Georg Rud. Böhmer publishing his Flor, lips, indig. — He died “ in 1803.”
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng ), Trew publishing his Plant. Select, (the figures by
Ehret), enumerating bis Plant. Rar. “ in 1763,” died “ in 1769,” and the last three volumes of his
Plant. Select, were published by Vogel “ in 1773.”
As early as this year (see Spreng., and Winckl.), John Bartram journeying from Philadelphia to
Lake Ontario, meeting with here and on his visit to Florida * foira/ra arborescens (Pursh), Gyrnno-
* Rosa laevigata of China. Known to grow there (Nutt., Red., and A. Dec.), And said to have
been introduced by John Bartram into Charleston — (Baldw. rel. 169); observed by Michaux in
Georgia ; — by Chapman, “ common in cultivation ; ” and by myself near Charleston, climbing among
planted trees from trunk to trunk. Eastward, is termed “ r. sinica ” in European gardens, “ r. nivea”
by Decandolle, “ r. Macartnea” by Dumont de Courset ed. i (Steud.) ; and “ R. Sinica, scandent with
ternate leaves,” was observed by Lush at Dapooree in Plindustan (Graham).
10 2 I
cladus Canadensis, Illicium Floridanum, Boltonia asteroides. — He published an account of the excursion
“ in 1751,” and died “ in 177 7” (Holmes),
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Toren arriving in Malabar. — Where he remained until “ 1753.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Griffith Hughes publishing his history of Barbadoes.
Perhaps “ about ninety years a g o ” (see Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. p. 148), Chatliam Island colonized
by New Zealanders ; in canoes driven out to sea from the East Cape of New Zealand.— Additional
emigrants from New Zealand “ have lately been carried thither by trading vessels.”
“ 1751 A. D .” (Crawfurd vii. 11), by the Spanish colonists at Manila, an expedition sent against
Sulu : war declared, and a Second expedition disgracefully beaten.
“ April 0 1 ” (trav. p. 20, 33, to 375), Bossu by the way of Cape François arriving at the mouths
of the Mississippi. Leaving New Orleans “ Aug. 20th” he proceeded up the river lo the Illinois,
meeting with vines climbing high Vitis riparia 349, “ jalap ” 353 ipomoea Michaux ii.— Ah è r visiting
New Orleans and France “ in 1757,” he returned to the Mississippi “ Aug. 12th 1758,” he ascended
the Alabama as high as the junction of the Tombigbee, meeting with the “ battledoe” common about
Mobile 347 A'yssa candicans, and was in New Orleans “ June ist, 1762.”
“ July I 2 th ” (trav. transl. by J. R, Forster), Osbeck arriving “ in sight of t+ie East part of Java.”
“ Aug. 22d,” he was “ off Macao” in China. — He published his Trav. in “ 1765.”
“ In this y e a r ” (title-pages), Schmiedel publishing Gesner’s botanical works. — The second
volume “ in 1771,” and he died “ in 1783.”
“ In this year ” (Linn. sp. pl.), F. Sauvages publishing his Flor. monspel. — He died “ in 1767.”
“ 1752, Jan. 1st ” (Blair, Holmes, and Nicol. 38), New year’s day by act of parliament, instead of
the ensuing “ March 25th.” New Style was at the same time adopted ; by deducting from this year
“ eleven days,” calling what would have been the “ 3d of September, the 14th.”
“ In this year ” (Spreng., and Pritzel), after his first edition “ in 1731,” Second “ in 1732,” Third
“ in 1737,” Fourth “ in 1741,” Fifth “ in 1747,” Philip Miller publishing the Sixth edition of his Gardeners’
Dictionary, ¡tnamtraCmg Ix ia grandifor-a, bulbifera, fe xu o sa pl. 156. f. 2 to 239. 2; Gladiolus
recui vus, strrctus, and Milleri 40 to 235. 2 ; Antholyza cunonia 113, Moraea iridioides 239, i, Ir is
ochroleuca 154, Verbascum Boerhaavii 273, N'icotiana pusilla 185. 2, Physalis arborescens 206. 2,
Tetragonia decumbens n. 3 and ic. 263. i, Phlomis Nissolii 204, Calendula fruticosa 283, Tilia
pubescens n. 4, Solidago pilosa, S. elliptica, Populus angulata* n. 5.
“ Jun e2 oth” (Hewet ii. 43, and Holmes), the charter of Georgia surrendered to the king:
removing the prohibition of Negroes, and enabling settlers to acquire larger tracts of land.
“ The same y e a r ” (coll. hist. iv. 216, and Plolmes), the small p o x in Boston, where of “ five
thousand five hundred and forty-four” persons attacked, “ five hundred and fourteen” died ; while of
“ two thousand one hundred and nine ” inoculated, only “ thirty-one” died.
“ The same y e a r ” (life of Frankl. iiS , and Holmes), at Philadelphia, the identity of electricity
with lightning demonstrated by Franklin ; by constructing and experimenting with an electrical kite.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Pontoppidan publishing his Norw., including the plants collected by
Lanisgee.. — He died in “ 1764.”
'753 A. D .” (W. W. Hunter), Marhattas under a Muslim chief acquire possession of Orissa.
“ In this y e a r ” (Marshall i. 375, univ. hist, and Holmes), the Ohio company surveying lands
granted as part of Virginia as far as the Falls of the Ohio; the country on this river claimed by the
French of Canada: who built a fort at Presqu’isle on Lake E r ie ; another, about “ fifteen miles
south ” on a tributary of the Alleghany ; a third, at the mouth of this tributary ; and a fourth, at the'
mouth of the Wabache.
“ In this y e a r ” (Smith ed. fl. lapp. 238), Solander visiting Lapland, meeting with Apargia
taraxaci.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Linnæus publishing his Sp. Plant., enumerating
“ seven thousand three hundred plants,” including A llium striatum ( fix .) , Hydrastis Canadensis,
Ricotia Aegyptiaca i. p. 656.
“ 1754, April 17th” (Blair, Minot, and Holmes), war between France and England initiated by
French Canadians capturing from the Ohio company an unfinished fort on the Monongahela. “ June
* l'opulus tacamahaca of Canada. A lofty tree called tacamahac, from transported specimens
de.scribed by Miller — (Steud.). In its wild state, was observed by F. A. Michaux from 49° to 47°,
and rare on Lake Champlain ; by myself, from 47° to 43° along the Atlantic ; by Longs’ Expedition ii!
81, from Lake Superior to Pembina and Lake Winnipeg (Schw.) ; by Drummond, near the Rocky
mountains ; and according to A. Gray, grows from “ N. New England to Wisconsin, and northward,”
its “ large buds varnished with a fragrant resinous matter.” Transported to Europe, is described by
Miller, and Linnæus.
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