9 9 2 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
“ 1696 A. D.” (Anders, ii, 625, and Holmes), by the English parliament, an Act prohibiting the
export of goods from the colonies to “ Ireland or .Scotland, without being first landed in England, and
having also paid duties there ; under forfeiture of ship and cargo.” — In regard to Scotland, the prohibition
after ten years w'as rendered void by the Union.
“ November ” (Humb. cosm. v.), the island of St. Paul discovered by Vlaming.
“ In this y e a r ” (Chaim., and Holmes), the city of New York containing “ five hundred in d
ninety-four houses, and six thousand inhabitants : ” the shipping consisting of “ forty ships, sixty-two
sloops, and sixty boats.” The aboriginals of New England maintained among themselves no less
than “ thirty” churches (Rawson, Stiles, and Holriies).
“ In tliis y e a r ” (Spreng.), Cupani publishing his Hort. Cathol., enumerating* T o r d y l i u m h u m i l e
200, S i l e n e g l u t i n o s a n o , L i n a r i a r e f l e x a 214, and S e r i ó l a u r e n s 95. — He died in “ 1711,” and his
Pamphyt. Sicul. was published in “ 1713.”
“ In this y e a r ” 0 preng.), Plukenet publishing his Almagest, enumerating “ quercus Americana
rubris v en is” { Q . c o c c in e a ) , “ q. castaneæ fo lio ” { Q . p r i n u s ) figured, “ q. pumila castaneæ folio Vir-
giniensis” t { c h in q u a p i n o a k Q . - p u m i l a , Brendel in Am. Nat. for May 1S70), V o l d e n ia p r o c u m b e n s pl.
64. f. 6, S m i l a x t a m n o id e s i n . f. i and 3, I r i s c r i s t a i a 196. f. 6, W o o d w a r d i a V i r g i n i c a 179. f. 2,
P h a c e l i a p a r v i f l o r a 245. f. 5, L y s im a c h i a h e t e r o p h y l l a 333. f. i, S i y l i s m a e v o l v u l o i d e s 166. f. 4, P h l o x
s u b u l a t a 98. 2 , C i c u t a m a c u l a t a 76. f. i, H y p o x i s e r e c t a 315. f. 2, J u n c u s p o l y c e p h a l u s 92. f. 9, C a s s ia
( C h a m oe c r i s t a ) n i c H l a n s 314. f. 5, C r a t a e g u s c o c c in e a 46. f. 4, S c u t e l l a r i a p i l o s a 313. f. 4- D r a b a i n c a n a
42. f. I , M e l o t h r i a p é n d u l a 85. f. 5, P a s s i f l o r a p e l t a t a 210. f, 4, I C u h n i a e u p a t o r i o i d e s 87, f. 2, P l u c h e a
b i f r o n s 87. 4, S o l i d a g o l a t i f o l i a 235. f. 4, S e r i c o c a r p u s s o l i d a g i n e n s 79. f. 2 (“ Conyza linifolia” of
Linn.), A s t e r t e n u i f o l i u s 78. f. 5, C o r n u s f l o r i d a 20. f: 3, “ frutex virginianus trifolius ” P t e l e a t r i f o l i a t a
159, O l d e n l a n d i a g l o m e r a t a 74. f. 5, A m p é l o p s i s b i p i n n a t a 412. f. 2, C l a y t o n i a V i r g i n i c a 102. f. 3, S a u -
r u r u s c e r n n u s 117. f. 4, R h e x i a V i r g i n i c a 202. f. 8, K a lm i a l a t i f o l i a 379. 6, C l e t h r a a l n i f o l i a 115. f. i,
“ sanicula virginiana a lb a ” 59. f. I S a x i f r a g a P e n n s y l v a n i c a , I r i s v e r n a 196. f. 6, “ polygala rubra
virginiana spica parva compacta” 300 P o l y g a l a v i r i d e s c e n s (“ P. Nuttaliii” of Carey), “ cicer astragaloides
virginianus hirsutie pubescens floribus amplis subrubentibus ” 23. f. 2 T e p h r o s i a V i r g i n i a n a ;
“ hypericum virginianum frutescens pilosissimum ” aim. 245. f. 6 H . v i l l o s u m (“ Ascyrum” of Linn ,
and “ H. pilosum” of W alt.); “ sonchus elatus s. dendroides virginianus, ari in modum articulatis
foliis, ramosissimus, floribus luteis parvis pentapetalis ” 317. f. 2 N a b a / u s a l t i s s im u s ; “ eupatoria
Labrador; and was observed by Peck, and myself, on the summits of the White mountains of New
England.
S a l i x m y r s i n i t e s of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. Ob.served by O. Rudbeck
jun. 340 in Lapland; — known to growin Scandinavia (fl. Dan, pl. 1054, and Fries), on the
mountains of Scotland (Bab ), the Pyrenees (Benth.), the Swiss Alps (Vill. iii. pi. 50, and A. Dec.),
and on the Altaian mountains (Ledeb.). Westward, was observed by Plooker on Iceland, and received
from Arctic America and the Rocky mountains (A. Dec.); was received by Pursh from Labrador;
and is known to grow in Greenland (Wats ).
* L a t h y r u s o d o r a t u s of Ceylon. First cultivated by Cupani at Panormus in Sicily — (Spreng.) ;
described also by Commelyn hort. Amst. ii. So; cultivated in gardens, and called in Britain s w e e t p e a
(Prior). From Europe, carried by colonists to Northeast America, where it continues a favourite
garden flower. Received by Linnæus from Ceylon.
t R h u s v e n e n a t a of Northeast America. Tlie p o i s o n s u m a c h , a tall smooth shrub, transported to
Europe described by Plukenet aim. pl. 145, — Miller, Dillenius elth. pi. 292, and Linnæus. Westward,
the “ poison-wood tre e ” was seen by Paul Dudley in New England about 1723 (phil, trans. xxxi. 135,
and Tuckerm. arch. Am.) : R. venenata was observed by Michaux from Canada to Carolina ; by myself,
in swamps from 44° 30' throughout New England ; by Elliot, rare in the low country as far as Savannah
; by Baldwin, as far as 31°; by Croom, to 30° 30'; by Chapman, “ Florida to Mississippi; ” and
by Nuttall, on the Arkansas.
H e l o n i a s b u l l a t a of the Marginal alluvial of Northeast America. Transported to Europe, described
by Plukenet aim. pl. 174. f. 5.— (Linn. sp. pl.), Trew (Spreng.), Miller pi. 272 ; continues under cultivation
as agaid en flower. Westward, was observed by Michaux wild “ in marshes in Pennsylvania
and Maryland” (Pers.) ; by Pursh, from New Jer.sey to Virginia.
E r a g r o s t i s c i l i a r i s of Tropical America ? Transported to Europe, and described by Plukenet pl.
190— (Spreng.), Linnæus, and Jacquin coll. ii. p. 338. Westward, was observed by Swartz in sterile
or cultivated places in the West Indies; by Chapman, in “ waste places and along roads, Florida to
South Carolina.” On the .Atlantic side of Equatorial Africa, is known to grow in Guinea, and on the
Niger and Congo (R. Brown, Benth., and A. Dec.) ; and farther East, was observed by Roxburgh, and
Graham, in Hindustan.
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S .
virginiana serratulæ noveboracensis latioribus foliis” 280. f. 6 V e r n o n ia p r oe a l t a ( “ V. altissima” of
Nutt.) ; M i k a n i a s c a n d e n s 163. f. 3, C o n o c l i n i u m c oe l e s t i n u m 394. f. 4, “ gnaphalium plantaginis folio
virginianum” 348. f. 9 A n t e n n a r i a p l a n t a g i n i f H a , “ aster americanus latifolius albus caule ad sum-
mum brachiato” 79. f. I D i p l o p a p p u s c o r n i f o l i u s , V i o l a p e d a t a 114. f. 7, P a r t h e n i u m h y s t e r o p h o r u s ,
D i o s c o r e a v i l l o s a 375. f. 5, M e n i s p e r m u m C a n a d e n s e 36. f. 2.
C o r y d a l i s l u t e a of the West Mediterranean countries. Described by Plukenet aim. pl. 90,—
termed “ fumaria lutea” by Linnæus, and known to grow wild in Mauritania, Italy (Pers.), and Illyria
(A. Dec.) ; observed by Allioni 1084 in Piedmont. In Britain, first seen escaped from cultivation by
Withering, and again occurred “ in 1798” (Engl. bot. pl. 588) ; occurs also on old walls near Caen
(Led. fl. calvad.), and near Paris and Tournay (Lestib. bot. belg.) ; but seems unknown outside of
gardens in Ireland and Southwestern France (A. Dec.).
C y p e r u s h a s p a n of Flindustan. Transported to Europe, and described by Plukenet aim. pl. 192,—
and Rottboell pl. 6 (Pers., and Spreng,). Received from Egypt by Valliant (Del.); and according to
Persoon growing in Aethiopia. Eastward, was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay, and
by Roxburgh i. p. 210 in other parts of Flindustan.
“ 1697, Sept. I i t h ” (Blair, and Holmes), invasion of the New England colonies, which had been
ordered by the French king Louis X IV ., prevented by the signing of a treaty of peace at Ryswic.
■ “ The same y e a r ” (narrat.), in journeying from Aleppo to Jerusalem, Maundreil proceeded along
the seashore as far as Acre. His narrative contains many judicious observations on the antiquities
met with, and the sites of ancient towns.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), J. Commelyn publishing his Flort. Amst., enumerating* S a l v i a A f r i c
a n a ii. 91, X. a u r e a ii. 92, R i v i n a l a e v i s i. 96, C e p h a l a r i a r i g i d a ii. 54, E c h i u m f r u t i c o s u m ii, 54,
C o n v o l v i t l u s C a n a r i e n s i s ii. 51, C a m p a n u l a C a p e n s i s ii. 35, C . r i g i d u l a ii 37, R o e l l a c i l i a t a ii. 39,
S o l a n u m a g g r e g a t n m ii. 96, V a r r o n i a a lb a i. 80, S i d e r o x y l u m m e l a n o p h l e u m i. log, R h a m n u s c o l u b r i -
n u s i. 90, P h y l i c a e r i c o i d e s ii. 1, B u b o n g u m m i f e r ii. 58, R h u s t o m e n t o s a i. 92, R . l u c i d a i. 93, A m a r
y l l i s Z e y l a n i c a i. 37, S a n s e v i e r a G u i n e e n s i s ii. 20, A l e t r i s f r a g r a n s ii. 4, A l o e p i c t a , s i n u a t a , r e l u s a ,
p l i c a t i l i s , l i n g u a , v e r r u c o s a , and m a r g a r i t i f e r a i. 48 to ii. 10, F u r c r a e a g i g a n t e a ii. 18, M e l i c o c c a
b i j u g a i. 94, Z i z y p h u s i g u a n e a i. 73, C a s s i a J a v a n i c u s i. i i i , R o y e n a g l a b r a i. 65, R . l u c i d a i. 96,
M a l p i g h i a g l a b r a i. 75, O x a i i s i n c a r n a t a i. 22, T a l i n u m a n a c a m p s e r o s ii. 89, T . f r u t i c o s u m i. 4,
E u p h o r b i a c o t i n i f o l i a i. 15, S e m p e r v i v u m C a n a r i e n s e ii. 95, P e r e s k i a a c u l e a t a i. 70, T e t r a g o n i a f r u t
i c o s a ii. 103, S p i r a e a o p u l i f o l i a i. 87, G r e w i a O c c i d e n t a l i s i. 85, S i d e r i t i s c a n d i c a n s ii. 99, B y s t r o p o -
g o n C a n a r i e n s e ii. 65, S e l a g o c o r y m b o s a ii. 40, L a n t a n a m i s t a i. 78, M a n u l e a c h e i r a n t h u s ii. 42,
H e b e n s t r e i t i a d e n t a t a ii. 109, H e r m a n n i a a l n i f o H a ii. 78, P e l a r g o n i u m a u r i t u m , r a p a c e u m , and lo b a -
t u m ii. 61-3, P o l y g a l a m y r t i f o l i a i. 46, P . s t i p u l a c e a ii. 97, P s o r a l e a b r a c t e a t a ii. 1 0 6 , L o t u s j a c o b a e u s
ii, 83, I n d i g o f e r a l o t o id e s ii. 84, H y p e r i c u m f l o r i b i i n d u m ii. 68, C h r y s o c o m a c e r n u a ii. 45, C . c i l i a r i s ii.
48, A t h a n a s i a p u b e s c e n s , t r i f u r c a t a , and c r i t h m i f o l i a ii. 47-50, T a n a c e t u m s u f f r u t i c o s u m ii. 100,
A s t e r f r u H c u l o s u s ii. 27, B e r c k h e y a s e t o s a ii. 28, C a l e n d u l a n u d i c a u l i s ii. 33, C . g r a m i n i f o l i a ii. 34,
A r c t o t i s a s p e r a ii. 22, O t h o n n a p e d i n a t a , c o r o n o p i f o l i a , ancl f r u t e s c e n s ii. 69-74, H i p p i a f r u t e s c e n s ii.
lo t, M y r i c a q u e r c i f o H a ii. 81, Z a m i a d e b i l i s i. 58, C l u y t i a d a p h n o id e s ii. 2, S tH b e p i n a s t r o ii. n o .
M im o s a c a s t a i. 28, D e s m a n t h u s p u n c t a t u s i. 31, S a p i n d u s s a p o n a r i a i. 94. — He died in “ 1698,” and
tlie publication was completed in “ 1702.”
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Boccone publishing his Mus., enumeratingt V e r o n i c a
a c i n i f o l i a pl. 9, P a n i c u m h i r t e l l u m 55, R o H b o e l l a m o n a n d r a 57, T r i t i c u m u n i l a t e r a l e 57, S c a b i o s a
P y r e n a i c a 6 , G a l i u m B o c c o n i lo i, G . a r i s t a t u m 75, R u b i a B o c c o n i 7 3 , A n c h u s a u n d u l a t a 7 7 , L o b e l i a
L a n r e n t i a 27, V i o l a n u m m u l a r i a e f o l i a 127, L a h a y a c o r y m b o s a 39, E r y n g i u m d i l a t a t u m 71, A n g e l i c a
R a z o u l i i 99, S e s e l i r i g i d u m 76, S t a t i c e b e l l i d i f o l i a 103, L i n u m v e r t i c i l l a t u m 42, R u m e x m u U i f l d u s
126, R . l u x n r i a n s 126, R . a m p l e x i c a u l i s 126, E p i l o b i u m a l p e s t r e 5, 16, G a l e n i a A f r i c a n a 1 10, P o l y g
o n u m a l p i n u m 27. S3, G y p s o p h i l a a l t i s s im a 3, S i l c n e m o l l i s s im a 1 18, X. V a l l e s i a 54, H e l i a n t h e m u m
s q u a m a t u m 64, T e u c r i u m m u l t i f l o r u m , r o t u n d i f o l i u m , and b u x i f o H u m 61-117, N e p e t a v i o l a c e a 3 6 , N .
l a n a t a 36, S i d e r i t i s i n c a n a 6 7 , L a m i u m r u g o s u m 23, S t a c h y s P a l a e s t i n a 109, X. m a r i t im a 1 2 7 , M a r r
u b i u m s u p i n u m , c r i s p u m , and H i s p a n i c u m 69-122, T h y m u s P a t a v i n u s , p i p e r e l l a , and c e p h a lo t e s
* T e t r a g o n i a h e r b á c e a of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe is described by Commelyn
hort. ii. pl. 102, — Miller pl. 263, and Linnæus. Known to grow wild in Austral .Africa (Pers.).
C a l t a { Z a n t e d e s c h ia ) Æ t h i o p i c a of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe is described by Commelyn
hort. i. 50— (Spreng.), and Linnæus. By European colonists also, carried to the Mauritius
Islands, and cultivated there (Boj.).
f loe o n n r u s m a r r u b i a s t r u m o i Europe. Described by Boccone mus. 98— (Spreng.), Schreber,
and Moench (Steud.) ; and known to occur in Germany and Java (Jacq. austr. v. pl. 405, Host, and
Pers.). By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, observed according to A. Gray
along “ road-sides, Pennsylvania, rare.”
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