t-
J. ■
+'■
I
i'' m-'.
¥. te ■
tt£ ;
...+?,.'
7 ' ' i
' t e . t e
1te
t e l'
?■£ tefe. .fv
f ftft •1 f t %
i t
;■ V
.' ;
0>
■,i
i '1
te
: 'I
ro Ì »
!
i* to
"+ ■
% I
iVfe
te
■ro• < . ' <1‘
■ ■ X
t o |
•tei
i
Y/-.
■te' ft totel;
>« . t e i f :
i » ' , ■:£
! ter.
6 8 o CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
ten years later to “ such nuns as had assumed the veil as a security against the insults of the Normans.”
.
“ 1067 A. D.” (Alst.), Constantinus X I. succeeded by Michael V II. Ducas, fortymmth Byzantine
emperor.
One hundred and sixty-iirst generation. Sept. ist, 1067, onward mostly beyond youth : the Chi-
nese -w'riters, the historians Sse-ma-kouang, and Lieou-yu ; the Jewish writers, Jehuda Ibn Balam, R,
Ishak Cordubensis, Jacob ben Reuben, and Isaac Ibn Gajjat: the Arab writers, Ebn Ssaid, Ebn
Jezla d. 109s : the Greek writers, Joannes Scylitzes d. after 1031, and Joannes Micrologus : Adamus
Bremensis, Ado Trevirensis ; William of Spires; Roscelinus the reviver of Nominalism; Anselmus
of Lugo, Anselmus of Laon, Ingulphus ; Nestor of Russia; Ivo Carnotiensis ; the scholastic theologians,
Guitmundus, and Anselm aiterwards archbishop of Canterbury : the translators of Arabic,
Hermannus comes Veringensis, Gerardus Cremonensis, and Daniel Morkeus.
“ 1068 A, D. = ‘ hi-ning,’ ist year of Chin-tsoung, of the Soung ” or Twenty-first dynasty (Chinese
chron. table). By his minister Wang-’an-chi, mints, coining and regulating the amount of money
in the provinces, and other innovations in government, introduced.
A new philosophy, the “ Philosophy of Nature,” also founded by Wang-’an-chi.
“ 1069 A. D.” (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Go-reisei succeeded by his younger brother Go-san-
dsio, now seventy-first dairo of Japan.
By Karika, “ a chief of an island to the uestward called Manuka” (Manu’a in the Samoan Group),
the Rarotongan or Hervey Islands found uninhabited and colonized in the “ twenty-ninth generation”
before — his lineal descendant Makea (the principal chief at the time of the visit of J. Williams miss,
ent. 169). “ Again putting to sea,” Karika encountered Tangiia a fu+tive Taheitian chief, and allowed
him to settle on the East side of Rarotonga.* Communication with the Taheitian Group, from this
time continued “ very frequent ” (Hale ethnogr. e.xpl. exp. 136).
“ In or about this year ” (Nicoh), by a synod at Spalatro, the Dalmatians prohibited from using
the Slavonic language in religious services.
“ 1070 A. D.” (Blair), by Arzachel of Toledo, the snn's declination observed to be “ 29° 34'-” —
Four hundred and two “ observations on the apogee o f the sun ” were left by Arzachel.
“ The same year” (M. Russell pp. 150 and 250), the altars, fiftyffive obelisks, with other ancient
structures at Axum, mostly broken and destroyed by Goudit or Judith, coming from Arahara. She
-was of Hebrew lineage, and on the death of Dalnaad, usurped the government, and reigned “ forty”
years.
“ 1072 A. D.” (Nicol.) in England by a synod, the primacy confirmed to Lanfranc archbishop of
Canterbury.
“ 1073 A. D.” (Alst, and Nicol), at Rome, Alexander II. succeeded by Hildebrand of Tuscany,
now Gregorius VII., ninety-second archbishop.
“ October” (Alst., and Nicol.), a synod at Erford. Tythes were exacted from the Thuringians.
Also, a proposal was received from Hildebrand, That priests should either abjure matrimony, or give
up their office.
“ The same year” (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Go-san-dsio succeeded by his eldest son Surakawa
or Ziro-kawa, now seventy-second dairo of Japan.
“ 1074, or thereabouts ” (Nicok), in a synod at Paris, the abbot of Pontoise abused and beaten,
for defending the decree of Hildebrand, forbidding the hearing of mass “ said by incontinent priests.”
“ 1075 A. D.” (Nicok), a synod in London, of all England. “ The ancient canons touching the
rank of bishops ” were renewed, and “ superstitions, divinations, etc.,” forbidden.
“ June 9th ” (Blair), at Neustadt in Thuringia, the Saxons defeated by the emperor Flenricus IV.
* PachyrUzus angulatus of the Malayan archipelago. — A common-looking bean under cultivation
on Metia was said to produce a yam-like edible root, and I lieard a similar account on Tongatabu.
P. angulatus was observecl by Rumphius v. pl. 132 in the Malayan archipelago, producing a
large edible tuberous root; and the “ hicamas ” or “ sincamas ” of the Philippines is descnbed by
Blanco as well known there and its large root eaten crude by both natives and Europeans ; P. angulatus
was seen by Parish in Burmah, and Ma.son v. 466 to 889 speaks of “ a variety of the Goa bean
which produces'esculent roots that are eaten like potatoes, ancl are a very tolerable vegetable.
Farther West, P. angulatus was observecl by Roxburgh, ancl Wight, in Hinclustan; by Graham, as
far a.s Bombay, but no native names are given. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius
Islands, observed by Bojer under cultivation ancl growing spontaneously. Transported to Europe, is
described by Plukenet aim. pi. 52. “ Dolichos tuberosus” received by Lamarck from Martinique
(Pers.), but according to Descourtilz “ introduced” there, no Carib name being given, may also be
comoared.
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 6 8 1
“ 1076, Jan. 23d” (Alst., and Nicol ), a synod at Worms ; “ twenty-six” bishops being pre.sent,
too-ether with Henricus IV. The deposition of Hildebrand was declared ; a sentence approved soon
afterwards in the synod at Pavia by many French and Italian bishops. In return, Hildebrand in a
synod at Rome adopted the novel measure of excommunicating the emperor, absolving his subjects
from their allegiance.
Finding himself abandoned by both nobles and people and the succession being elective, Henricus
IV. in the end yielded, and made a journey to Rome. The beginning of the Papal Hierarchy
over the monarchs of Western Europe.
“ October” (Nicol.), in a synod at Salona, Demetrius crowned king of Dalmatia.
“ 1077, March 13th ” (Nicol), a synod at Forcheim in Franconia. Henricus IV. was declared
deposed, and Rodolph of Swabia elected emperor of Germany.
“ The same year” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Lambertus Schafnaburgensis. By whom also,
many abuses in the church are enumerated.
“ 1078 A. D.” (Nicol.), a synod in London. Ulstan or Wulstan bishop of Worcester was
deposed, for not understanding the French language ; and Bath, Lincoln, Exeter, and Chichester
were made episcopal cities.
“ The same year” (Alst.), Michael V II. succeeded by Nicephorus III. Botoniates, fiftieth Byzantine
emperor.
“ November ” (Nicol.), in a synod at Rome, the Byzantine emperor excommunicated.
About this time (— “ 1392 — more than 300 years” of Dallet p. xiii), Ouang-kien, king of
Kao-Ii, aided by China conquering the States of Pet-si and Sin-la, thus uniting all Corea under his
rule. He is called the founder of the Kaoli or Korie dynasty.
“ loSo A. D ” (Nicoh), a synod at Rome. The investiture of laymen was forbidden ; Rodolp
of Swabia was declared emperor of Germany ; and the session closed “ March 7th.”
“ The same year ” (Nicok), by a synod at Burgos in Old Castile, the Roman ritual substituted in
Spain for that of the Goths.
“ The same year” (Alst., and others), the Carthusian Order of monks, founded by Bruno.
“ The same year ” (Nicol.), beginning of the compilation of “ Dooms-day book,” from a survey
of all the estates in England. — The compilation was completed in “ six ’ years.
“ The same year” (Klapr. mem. i. 410), end of Armenian history. — The nation no longer having
a government and territorial home, but consisting of dispersed individuals engaged in commerce.
“ 1081 A. D.” (Alst.), Nicephorus III. succeeded by Alexius Comnenus, son of Isaacus, and now
fifty-first Byzaniine emperor. Writings of the emperor Alexius Comnenus are extant.
“ The same year ” (Alst.), Rome captured by Henricus IV. And in a synod assembled there,
Guibertus or Clemens elected to the place of the escaped Hildebrand.
“ 1082 A. D.” (Puranas, Bentl. as. res. viii. 243, and H. H. Wils. dram. Hind.), Munja succeeded
by Raja Boja also called Vicrama as Hindu king. The last two names (according to Wilford as. res.
ix.) belonging to one king.
The astronomer Varaha Mihiri, author of the Surya Siddhanta, enumerated among the “ nine
gems ” in the council of king Vicrama; together with Cshapanaca, Sancu, Betalabhatta, Ghatacarpura,
and Bararuchi (Navaratna, and Bentl. p. 242).
“ 1083 A. D.” (Alst.), end of the chronide of Marianus Scotus.
Amera Sinha, ninth gem in the council of king Vicrama (Benll. as. res. viii. p. 242, and Colebr.
p. 499) mentions in his dictionary relating to animals the “ gavaya” (gayal ox), the spotted axis
(Cervus axis), the porcine deer (Cervus . . . . ) , the black antilope (Antilopa . . . . ) , and the painted
or while-footed antilope (Antilopa nilgau).*
* Hemidesmus Indicus of Tropical Hindustan. A shrubby twining Asclepiaceous plant called
in Sanscrit “ shariva ” or “ ummta ” (Pidd.), in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ ununtamul ” (J. F. Wats.),
in Telinga “ soogundapala,” in Tamil “ nunnari” (Urur.); in which we recognize the “ sariva ” of the
Amara-cosha, — and “ sariva” and “ ananta” of Susrutas chik. 15 to 38: H. Indicus was observed
by Rheede x. pl. 34 iu Malabar; by Graham, “ very common” in the environs ol Bombay; by Burmann
zeyl. pl. 83, Ainslie, Roxburgh, aud Wight, as far as Travancore, Ceylon, and Benpl, its root
used among tlie natives particularly for the thrush in children, and by Tamil physicians in cases of
strangury and gravel (Drur.). According to Lindley, “ a great deal of it is consumed in London now,
as a very fine kind of sarsaparilla.”
Villarsia Indica of Tropical Hindustan and Ceylon. An aquatic plant “ vvith large renitoim
86
. ?■
' , ? •
I : i;v.
i,'
t e