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1 s t ” (Blair), “ Mr. Washington intercepts a small body of French.” Continuing his advance
toward the junction, where the French were building Fort Du Ouesne (univ. hist. xl. 198,
Marshall, and Holmes), Washington was met by a superior force, and on “ July 4th,” compelled to
capitulate.
The British government having ordered the dislodging of the French from the Ohio, ancl recommended
Union among the colonies for defence : a plan of Union drawn up by Franklin was on the
same “ July 4th ” adopted in convention ; the Connecticut delegates alone dissenting. The proposed
plan was however rejected by the colonial Legislatures, as giving “ too much power to the representative
of the king ; ” and by the king’s council, as giving “ too much power to the representatives of
tlie people” (Minot i. 9, and Holme.s).
“ The same y e a r ” (Inman), a trading-post established by the French on the Mississippi above
the mouth of the Ohio, and called “ St. Louis.” The origin of the city of St. Louis.
“ The same year ” (Spreng.), Jacquin arriving in th e West In d ie s ;* — he returned “ in 1759,”
published his Select “ in 1763,” and Obs. “ in 1764-71.”
Triumfetta rhomboidea of Western Equatorial Africa. Known to be' frequent in Guinea and on
the neighbouring island of Saint Thomas (fl. Nigr., and A. Dec.). By European colonists, carried to
the West Indies, where it was observed by Jacquin amer. pl. 90, — and Swartz fl. ind. occ., in “ pratis
fruticulosis,” and from its adhering fruit called “ cousin” by the French.
“ The same y e a r ” (art de verif.), Mahmood succeeded by Osman II. or Othman I I ., twenty-sixth
Turkish sultan.
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. sp. pl.), Linnæus publishing his Genera plantarum.
“ In or about this year ” (Kobell iv.), the peculiar metal nickel, discovered by Cronstedt.
“ 175s, July 9th ” (Blair, and Holmes), defeat on the Monongahela of the British and colonial
forces under Braddock, by the French from Fort Du Quesne.
“ Nov. 1 s t ” (Blair), severe earthquake, destroying Lisbon, and felt over a great part of the surface
of the Globe.
“ Nov. i8th, a little after 4 o’clock, in a serene and pleasant n igh t” (mem Amer. acad. i. 271,
and I-Iolmes), the severest earthquake experienced in New England. Continuing in Boston “ nearly
four and a half minutes ; ” during which time, “ about one hundred chimneys were in a manner levelled
with the roofs of the houses ; and about fifteen hundred, shattered and thrown down in part ; ”
the ends of about twelve or fifteen brick buildings were thrown clown from the top to the eaves of the
houses ; and on new ground, some of the streets were almost covered with fallen bricks. The course
was nearly from Northwest to Southeast, “ at least one thousand miles, and perhaps many more,”
the width from Southwest to Northeast being from Chesapeake Bay to Halifax “ about eight hundred
miles.” In the West Indies “ about 2 p. m,,” the “ sea withdrew from the harbour of St. Martin,
leaving” dry vessels that had been anchored in “ three or four fathom,” and after a long interval
returned “ si.x feet higher than usual ; ” but there was no earthquake shock.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.). Jenkinson publishing his British plants.
“ In this year ” (append. Sibth.), Duhamel publishing his Traité des Arbres, enumerating fe«</;■«-
meda nitida, Gymnocladus Canadensis i. 103, Calycanthus laevigatus ; and in Sem. app. pl. 27. f. 2
Rhodora Canadensis (Linn. sp. pl.), — his Physiq. des Arbres “ in 1758,” and died “ in 1782”
(Spreng.).
A t this time (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Loefling writing his Res. on Cumana, Guiana, and
Spain ;— he died “ in 1756,” his Res. were published “ in 1758,” and tlie flor. Flispan. by Linnæus.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Allioni publishing his Rar. Pedem.
* Trichilia trifoliata of the Northern extreme of South America. A bush or small tree, observed
by Jacquin amer. pl. 123 in dry grassy places in Curaçao, called by the Dutch coionists “ kerseboom,”
by the Spanish “ ceraso macho,” a decoction of the roots used among the slaves to procure abortion,
— observed also in the West Indies by Loefling 188 (Linn. sp. pl., Vahl symb. i. p. 31, and Lindl.).
Telanthera frutescens of the shores of Tropical America. An Aniaranthaceous plant observed
by Jacquin in the West Indies — (Steud.), received by L ’PIeritier pl. 37 from Lima (Pers.), known
to grow also at Guyaquil, and frequent in America (Moq,). By European colonists, was carried
across the Pacific to Manila (Moq.) ; and to the Mauritius Islands, observed by Commerson
(A. Dec.).
Cyperus vegetus of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of North America. Observed by
Jacquin in the West Indies — (Steud.) ; by Baldwin, in East Florida ; by Walter, on the Santee ; by
Elliot, from Savannah to Charleston; and known to grow in “ low pine barrens” as far as North
Carolina (Chapm.). Transported to Europe, is described by Roth, Willdenow, Lamarck, and Moench ;
and has become naturalizecl around Bayonne and Bordeaux (Godron, and A. Dec.).
1023
A t this time (Spreng.), Patrick Browne writing his Civil and natural history of Jamaica,* enumerating
Rubia Brownei, Hypoxis decumbens 195. — The work was published “ in 1756.”
“ '7S6, June 15th” (Maunder), capture of Calcutta and the English factory there by Surajah
Dowla, nabob of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa. Of the captured English, “ one hundred and forty-six
were confined for the night ” in the Blackhole ; a room “ twenty feet square,” constructed under their
own supervision “ for a place of confinement ; ” in the morning, “ only twenty-three were taken out
alive.”
“ Aug 13th and 14th ” (Holmes), capture of the forts at Oswego, on the Southern shore of Lake
Ontario, by Canadian French under Montcalm. The forts, which had excited the jealousy of the
confederate tribes called the “ Six nations,” were at once demolished. In the Southern provinces
(Plewet ii. 205, and Holmes), a fort built In this year on Tennessee river “ above five hundred miles ”
from Charleston, and called ‘f Fort Loudon.”
“ In this year ” (Linn. sp. pl.), Linnæus publishing the Third volume of Amoen. acad., enumerat-
ing Agave Virginica p. 22.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Russel publishing; his Nat. Hist, of Aleppo. — He died in “ 1768,” and
a Second edition was published by Solander “ in 1794” (append. Sibth.).
“ 1757 A. D .” (artde verif.), Osman II. succeeded by Mustafa III., twenty-seventh Turkish
sultan. Coins issued at Cairo by Mustafa I IL , are figured in Marcel p. 239.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Joh. Gottfr. Zinn publishing his Cat. hort. et agri gottingens.
At this time’’ (Europ. settlements ii. 29 to 38, and Holmes), the whole colony of Louisiana
containing “ not more than ten thousand” Whites and Negroes ; the inhabitants of Montreal “ about
five thousand.”
“ 1758, July 26th ” (Blair, and Holmes), Louisbourg and the island of Cape Brecon again captured
by British and colonial forces. “ Aug. 2 7 th ” ( . . . ."univ. hist., and Holmes), Fort Frontenac on
Lake Onfario captured from the French ; and “ Nov. 25th,” Fort Du Ouesne captured, and the name
changed in honour of the English minister to “ Pittsburg.”
“ t 759> Sept. 13th’’ (Blair, and Holmes), capture of Quebec by the British and colonial forces
under Wolfe; bringing French power in Canada to a close. — The final surrender o f Canada took
place on “ Sept. 8th, 1760” (univ. hist., and Holmes).
“ Sept. 29th’ (Kobell ii.), at Jorullo in Interior Mexico, a new mountain, “ fifteen hundred and
eighty feet above the plain,” rising out of a fissure.
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), Venegas publishing his Nat. and civil hist. Californ.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Arduino publishing his Animadvers. bot., enumerating “ vena di Tar-
taria” Avena Orientalis. — He published a second volume “ in 1764.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), after his Prim. flor. butisbac. “ in 1743,” P h il Conr.
Fabricius publishing his Hort. med. helmstadt, enumerating Decumaria barbara (Linn. sp. 1663) ; —
he died “ in 1774.” ’
“ 1760, Oct. 25th ” (Nicol.), George II. succeeded by George III., now British king.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), John Hill publishing his Flora britann.
“ A t this time” (Holmes), New England estimated by Stiles 142, to contain very nearly “ five
hundred and one thousand nine hundred and nine ” inhabitants.
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), Mariti visiting Cyprus, and Palestine, meeting with “ galetti ” Lathyrus
articulatus. — He returned “ in 1768.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl., and Spreng.), after his Meth. “ in 1754,” Scopoli publishing his Flor.
Carniol., enumerating Carex capillaris; a second edition “ in 1772 ; ” his Fund. “ in 1783,”
Ophrys andragnitis of the East Mediterranean countries. Observed by Scopoli in Carniolia- —
by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus, ’
Carex agastacliys of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed “ c. maxima” by
Scopoli, as observed in Carniolia,— “ c. agastachys ” by the younger Linnæus suppl. 414, described
also by Goodenough, and known to grow throughout micldle Europe (Curt. lond. iii. pl. 63, and
Pers.) ; was observecl by Sibthorp, on mount Athos, by Chaubard in the subalpine region of the
Peloponnesus.
* Crotalaria Brownei of Jamaica. Known to grow wild there— (Gardn.), and described by
Bertero (A, Dec.). By European colonists, was carried about 1822 to Ceylon, where it was found by
Gardner (bot. mag. for 1848) a frequent weed, spreading in every direction.
of Tropical America. Observed bv Browne 259 on Jamaica— (Linn sp 799)
Transported to Europe, is described by L ’Heritier (Pers!) : by European colonists also, was' carried
across the Pacific to the Marian Islands and Madras, and by way of the Atlantic to Guinea Port
Natal, Madagascar, Abyssinia, and Fazokel (Benth., and A. Dec.).
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