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?n d U '// /f i f t ® " " Lrance and Maastricht in Lat. 50° 45' CAlHon. pl. 65, fl. Bat. i. p. pr,
s B U S
■■>>A^77ZZZ?iNz:NZi7:NNZrZfV'' +■ "»." „ d .1..
lu biaperegn n a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia Caller! !n reefrl l r •- • • .,
(Sibth.), and possibly included in the e PYGPOAANON- APPIA of Dioscorirl ®
+ “ «
Achillea magna oi the Mediterranean countries The A X l AA emr f ra- - i “ . 1 ,
lets obliquely incised and white or purple d o a v /; Z ^rcfenU f / e b U eZ Z / ' ® " " '
folbowseerrvse dso mbye tSimibeths orrepd . on WCersettwe;a radn di s b(yp rFmrearal. s, on coen tvi nental Greeeec ce, rfuorr /ne ssp/eUakss oolf fflni .clXing» tZlie
-I-yAAOC of Dioscondes, diminutive, a span or more hi»h with leaves I! L ,7 » ' “ C . O . X I A I 0 -
and a crowded umbel of small white flowers »,a T 1 L"'cl,
mentioned by Galen sim p Z y a id 8 A ?. I / / / - 0 ° ’" /? " " ‘''® >>toati6tes ” is also
absinthii mmulis ” by Tournefort inst aq6- and wa" ^^1 ®"'"®1 , P‘"(mtoa humilis fohis laciniatis
Greece “ folrtS tomentosis pectinato-pinnUifi’dis ” "® « ^ "'® "tountains of
campestris of Europe ancl middle Asia. Tim APTeMICIA with AePTTOTePA
leaves, flowering in summer according to Dioscorides, and its flowers small slender white and strong-
scented,— is referred here by writers : A. campestris was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from
the Peloponnesus to Caria and Mysia in Asia Minor. Westward, is described by Matthioli p. 619
(Spreng ) ; is termed “ abrotanum campestre cauliculis albicantibus, etiam cauliculis rubentibus ” by
Tournefort inst. 459 ; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles, and is known to grow in arid sunny
situations throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 338, Pers., and Lenz). Is enumerated by Lindley
among the species that “ have been used medicinally.”
Artemisia spicata oi the mountains of Southern Europe. The A PT6JVII C I A N : MO N 0 KAuj-
NON growing in th e Interior according to Dioscorides, a small simple-stemmed herb full of wax-
coloured flowers, more agreeably scented than the preceding, — is referred here by Sprengel: A.
spicata was observed by Sibthorp on the mountains of Greece. Westward, the account by Pliny
xxv. 36 óf his third “ artemisia” as far as growing “ in mediterraneis ” and “ simplici caule,” seems
taken from Dioscorides ; but A. spicata is described by Jacquin austr. app. pl. 34, and is known to
grow on the mountains of Switzerland and middle Europe (Allion. pl. 8, Vili., Pers., Whlbg., and
Steud,). Is enumerated by Lindley among the species that “ have been used medicinally.”
Staehelina chamaepeuce of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ agriôlivanôs ”
(Fraas): the XAMAITTeYKH an herb entirely green according to Dioscorides, its leaves and
branches incurved and flowers rose-like, — is referred here by Alpinus exot. p. 76, and others : Pliny
xxiv. 86 describes the “ chamaepeuce” as resembling in leaves “ larici” larch ; and S. chamaepeuce,
agreeing except in the lanate under surface of the leaves, is termed “ jacea cretica frutescens eli-
chrysi folio flore magno purpurascente ” by Tournefort cor. 32 ; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard,
and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to mount Athos, Crete, and Cyprus : is known to grow
also in Asia Minor (Spreng.) ; ancl farther South, was observed by Viviani in Lybia.
Cirsium stellatum of the Mediterranean countries. The IDTTO*AICTON of Dioscorides, also
by some called ITTTTO<i>AeC, a sort of T N A 4> I K H C ; A K A N 9 H C, stemless and flowerless, with
spiny leaves and tumid capitula together with tlie thick tender root yielding a juice, — is referred here
by Columna phyt. pl. 24, and Sprengel : C. stellatum, depressed unless flowering, and often continuing
throughout the year without flowering (Spreng ), was observed by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus,
Westward, the account by Pliny xvi. 92 and xxvii. 66 of the “ spina fullonia hippophaeston ” seems
taken from Dioscorides, but he adds that the juice is expressed in summer : C. stellatum is described
by Triumfetti pl. 96; is termed “ c. stellatus foliis integris flore purpureo” by Tournefort inst. 440;
was observed by Sibthorp on Sicily, and is known to grow as far as the border of France (Allion.,
and Pers.).
Silybum Marianum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain milk thistle or blessed
thistle or la d /s thistle (Prior), in France “ chardon-marie ” (Fée), in Germany “ marien-distel ” (Fraas),
in Bohemian “ ostropés,” in Polish “ podgorzal,” in Illyrian “ osset” or “ osgebad” (Moritz.), in
Greece “ gaithouragkatha” (Fraas) or “ kóuphagkathó ” (Sibth.) : its seeds found by Forskal mat.
med. emplo}-ed medicinally in Egypt, in accordance with the A K A N 6 A : A £ Y K H of Dioscorides, two
cubits high with the stem thick as the fore-finger, leaves prickly, flowers purple, seeds and root used
medicinally : — the “ akub ” of Temimi, and Ebn Baitar, is referred here by Sontheimer: S. Marianum
was observed by Forskal, and Delile, springing up spontaneously around Cairo; by Belon,
Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus and Constantinople; is known to
occur also as far as Caucasus (C. A. M ey.). Westward, the “ akantha lëu k ë” or “ agriokinaran ” or
“ thonakitis ” or “ ërusiskëptrôn” is identified in Syn. D iosc. with the “ karthous ramptaria” or
“ spina alva” or “ regia” of the Romans ; a garland of “ spinae albae” according to Pliny xxiv. 66
alleviates headache, but his account of the seeds taken against scorpions seems in part from Dioscorides:
the “ herbe sancte marie” is mentioned by Nicolaus Praepositus, Franciscus Pedemontium,
and Joannes de Sancto Amando: S. Marianum is described by Fuchsius p. 55, Dodoens, and Lobel
(Spreng.); was already in Britain in the days of Gerarde p. 989; is termed “ c. albis maculis notatus
vulgaris ” by Tournefort in.st. 440 i was observed by Munby in Algeria ; is known to occur in waste
places from Italy throughout middle Europe (Scop., and Pers.), is besides often cultivated (A. Dec.).
By European colonists, was carried to Madeira (Lindl.) ; to Northeast America, where I have
observed it springing up spontaneously in gardens ; to Austral America, where it has become natural-'
ized from the Uruguay and La Plata to Patagonia (A. Saint-Hil,); to Chili, and the East Indies, the
“ leaves said to be sudorific and aperient” (Lindi.).
Onopordum Græcum of the East Mediterranean countries. The AKAN9 I0 N of Dioscorides,
haying leave.s like AEYKH : A KAN 9 H but at the extremity the spinous prominences covered with
spider-web down which is collected, — may be compared : Pliny xxiv. 65 adds, that the leaves are
much smaller, and that the collected down is even made into garments in the East: 0 . Græcum is
termed “ carduus græcus parvus acanthi folio tomentoso flore minore” by Tournefort cor. 31 ; is
described also by Gouan obs. pl. 25 ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus
to Cyprus ; and by D elile near Alexandria on the Mediterranean border of Egypt.
62
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