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(Strab. xvii. 3), may be compared with “ ha-risi,” from “ arou” and “ risi ” »iven
“ rinnli nfi'copleustes xi. p. 334 as the Abyssinian name for the skin of the “ rinokgros ■ ” the
s c r e d t U r a s r o U a U U ; mdicopleustes,1 aU lonU + irom Loros on ,ts nose, the hide being thick enou gahn dt o" fbfeu retmh eprlo yde+d OT pl0Ug,h , two horns are represented in the accompanying figure, and the species is clearivUie
i o h i f + T ; ' s + + | 1 ' “ « « ™ ' A t r * T t a " , s p a „ , 6 „ - „ ( p e „ p ™ . ^ „
coast ¡0 % B compared: A. sp. was observed by Grant near the Eastern
“ aa vvaan+eett}v cclliimm’bbs/ Uupt "tr ees with its opposite branches“ ” "ft root? used to cure sore eyesU
l U i : 4 3 ,5+ ; / « S™ " « ' 'l» -« « « e : n « ,,„
• a o + U r o - i - :
L m h L f's p a iU 'tU L U f h ftft® "ft'° mining operations in the“
U ( / a b . ih ; by means of “ aigupti.is kohliais,” the Archimedes screw
ddeeffielexUedd Ttoo Lthhe f"gr"o und, ands word-shaped leAavte sC aodfitze,n Pao sicduobniitu slo nsga wb ya ftorueer wfinit»he rtsh eb rboraadn- chthees
branches when broken gaving out a milky, and the roots a red j u i c e - (Strab iii X io ) + / £
Ia Zd rGJraZnd CZa’n ary bearing dragon's blood;?'- af redqruugen at cicno trhdein fgo rteos t Lonin dPlaelym aat, Gpormeseernat i“escnaercre/?’ known, the resin of Pterocarpus being substituted P P ‘ 7
* , j J l “ “ " ” =d .o ,.i i . „ a ,h .i,
_ In visiting various parts of Gaul, Posidonius became accustomed to the si»ht of warriors return
mg from battle with the heads of their enemies suspended from the horse’s neck • heads of illustrious
men were further exhibited to strangers, and could not be redeemed for their weight „ »old S "t
blee ingl, Upree seTnt d uring ail sacredt rites. Human sacrifices bes?id e“s mw ecroen vmulasdioen sa"t odtrhueird st iomre sp r■ tbstust
1 / / i + U r " ' ' "ft* “ ” ft'ft®^’' ’ ‘ft’® P®°Pft® -® ‘® b®ing roclaimed by the Romans
b . r U roturning from Spain, Posidonius landed on the Barbary co a st; near a wood that proved to
be full Oiapes, some m the trees, and others on the ground ; and among them he remarked many of
the same infirmities that afflict the human family - (Strab xvii 3 4) ^ ®f
chron.Tabie>' = y®""- Hiao-tchao-ti, of the H an ” or Seventh dynasty (Chinese
“ The same year” (Plut., and Clint.), in Rome during the last illness of Marins Posidonius
ambassador from the + o d .a n s ; having already visited Spain, Gaul, and other countries.’
Lotus eduhs of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Crrppri- “ o - r i ^ ^ i n i o u i • - „
“ n^ranizoura” (Sibth.), and the ALETUJ: Ke POeNTl of Thyillus — (anth. pal vii
compared : L. edulis was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the P elopL nesus to Caril and
i £ 7 + 0 + + + + £ ta
AA ri■ stfo trll e andU -Trh. eophhr astus,E isleinntt. )b, yt hSeu Lllaib frraormy oAf tthheen sd teoc eRasoemde .A pellicon, containin» the writin“»s of
' h U ” Eiiint. iii. p. 346), by invitation of the people tired of internal wars Syria
/ T ' U U + 0 °ft ^ 4 ® 0 - - Governed by him peacefully"“ fourteen ” yeals ’
form o f h h e t t U £ ^ ® '"™®" ft"^®"P‘ft°" ^®^ft"''’ ‘"®
B. C - ( i + e ? + + ? " " ta - ¡ r o ,0 .8 . n «
“ 82 B. C.” (Major edit. Bethenc.), Sertorius, fleeing from the ships of Annius, Landing near the
OF A C C OM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 4 4 3
mouth of the Quadalquivir on the Atlantic. Meeting some Lusitanian pilots who had returned from
the Fortunate Islands (Canaries), he had thoughts of retiring there — (Plut. vit.).
“ At the end of the year” (Pint., and Clint), Sulla dictator at Rome.
“ 81 B. C.” (Porphyr., and Clint, iii. p. 400), in Egypt, Ptolemy VIII. succeeded by his daughter
Cleopatra ; who at the end of “ six months ” married her cousin Ptolemy Alexander 11., now Ptolemy
X. Pie reigned “ nineteen days” only; and his name has not been found on. the monuments, nor
even on coins.
In a mummy unrolled at Bristol, a solution of silver was found employed in the hieroglyphic
writing : and Herapath further ascertained, that the solvent was probably nitric acid (Philos, mag.
July 1852).
Indigofera tinctoria of Tropical Eastern Asia. The indigo plant is called in Yemen “ houer”
(Forsk.), in Sanscrit “ nili ” (Roxb.), in Cingalese “ nil ” (Pidd.), in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ neel,”
in Telinga “ neelie,” in Tamil “ averie ” (D rur.), in Burmah “ mai-nay” o r “ shan-m ai” (Mason) ;
and bandages dyed with indigo encircling this mummy— were remarked by Herapath (philos. mag.
July 1852) ; the “ indicum ” dye is mentioned by Vitruvius vii. 14. 68, Dioscorides v. 107, by Pliny
xxxv. 27 as imported from India: I. tinctoria was observed by Forskal p. 137 (Steud.) cultivated
for its dye in Yemen, and springing up spontaneously. Eastward, “ ynde qe il se fait d’erbe ” was
observed by Marco Polo 180 in Quilon ; the manufacture was witnessed also by Nicolo Conti ; and
indigo was found by Burnes under cultivation in Scinde, and even “ exported in considerable quantities
” (Graham) : I. tinctoria was observed by Rheede i. pl. 54 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, “ wild in some
parts of the Concan ” (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, as far as Bengal, often springing up spontaneously,
but not at a distance from places where it has been cultivated. Farther East, was observed by Mason
“ exotic ” in Burmah ; by Loureiro, cultivated and springing up spontaneously in Anam and China ;
by Blanco, cultivated on the Philippines by the natives, and called in Tagalo “ tayom,” in Pampango
“ tayung,” in Bisaya “ tagung.” By European colonists, was carried to Africa (A. Dec.) ; and to our
Southern States, where it was once extensively cultivated, and continues in “ waste places” (Chapm.)
although its cultivation has long ceased. (See I. argentea.)
“ 80 B. C.” (Alex, chron,, and Clint, iii. p. 398), accession of an “ illegitimate so n ” of Ptolemy
VIII. ; a boy under the title Ptolemy X I. Auletes. He does not appear to have been acknowledged
by the Egyptians, and his hieroglyphic ovals have not been found (Champoll.-Fig.) : but his name
occurs on coins, and in Greek inscriptions in red ink at Philæ.
lambulus in visiting East African islands met with persons who “ wrote in vertical columns ” —
(Diodor. ii. 55), perhaps Chinese; though it is true, vertical writing occurs on the eye-paint bottles
“ manufactured on the Persian Gulf.” The deposition in Egyptian tombs of these eye-paint bottles
and of real Chinese manufactures, is evidently more recent.
Flagellaria Indica of Tropical shores from Africa to the Samoan Islands. Called in Malabar
“ panambuvalli ” (R heede); and the pea-like seeds or grain seen by lambulus on East African
islands— may be compared: F. Indica was observed by myself on Zanzibar; by Grant, at the
“ Mgæta river 7° 20' S. ; ” and according to Persoon, occurs in Guinea. Eastward, was observed by
Rheede vii. pl. 53 in Malabar; by Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan; by Mason, indigenous
in Burmfoi ; is termed “ sirioides ” by Rumphius v. pl. 29 ; and was observed by myself as far as
the Feejeean and Samoan Islands. By Nimmo, was introduced into the environs of Bombay
(Graham).
C ajan u sf avas oi Equatorial Airica. The doll or pigeon pea is called in Tamil “ thovaray,” in
Telinga “ candaloo,” in Hindustanee “ toor,” in Bengalee “ dal urur ” (Drur.), in the environs of
Bombay “ toor” or “ dhal ” (Graham), in Suahili “ baraz” (Grant); and possibly the pea-like grain
seen by lambulus : — C. flavus was observed by myself on Zanzibar, the seeds a principal article of
diet with resident Banians, and the plant I further ascertained cultivated as far inland as the
Unyamuezi country ; by Grant, cultivated everywhere, the “ Wahiyow strike a light by using friction
with its wood and a reed.” Eastward, the “ arhaki ” enumerated in the Vishnu Purana i . / amon»
the seventeen kinds of useful grain, is referred here by H. H. W ilson; and the “ ad’haki” o?
“ tubari,” yielding oil according to Susrutas sutr. 46 to chikits 33, is referred here by H essler :
“ Indian peas ” were seen by Nikitin at Calicut : C. flavus was observed by Rheede vi. pl. 13 in Mal-
abar ; by Graham, “ commonly cultivated ” in the environs of Bombay, observed there by myself ; by
Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan as far as Bengal and Assam, the seeds according
to Drury “ much esteemed by the natives,” the tender parts of the shrub eaten by cattle, while “ the
dried stem makes excellent fuel and is well adapted for producing fire by friction.” Farther East, is
known to occur on Java (Pers.) ; was observed by Mason “ exotic ” in Burmah and called “ pai-?en
khyung; ” by Blanco, well known on the Philippines and called in Tagalo “ caguios.” Westward
from AAffrriiccaa,, iiss ccaalllleedd iinn CCaarriibb ““ nquuiinn»gnonng»ii ”” norr ““ hbiinpiri-caataa ”” /o-.rt- ““ ouandou>”> (D esc.)\ , the first o„cf nth__e_s_e
names resembling the Negro name of an allied plant; continues abundantly cultivated in the West
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