ï :':;?
\ -
i
i'-i
524 CH RO NOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
“ cpnda cashinda” (Lindl,), in Tamil “ moolacarnay-marum,” in Malabar “ kaka-toddali ” (Drur.),
pungent in all its parts and from early times employed as febrifugal: — observecl by Rheede v. pl.
41 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in “ S. C oncan” (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by Roxburgh,
kunga,” in Telinga “ doodee-palla ” (Lindl.), at Mahableshwur “ dooree” (Graham); and from early
times employed medicinally by the natives, and the brown mealy substance on the follicles given by
cow keepers as medicine to their c a ttle:— observed by Rheede ix.p l. 15 in Malabar; by Graham,
“ comm on” around Bombay and on “ the Ghauts, on the table land Mahableshwur” and its flexile
stems “ used as ropes ; ” by Rumphius, Akislie, Roxburgh, Sonnerat, and Wight, from the Neilgherry
hills to Coromandel and Sylhet (Lindl., and Drur.).
Secamone emetica of Southern Hindustan. An Asclepioid plant, its acrid and emetic root known
from early lim e s:— observed by Retz obs. ii. 14, and Wight, common in thickets at the foot of
mountains in the Southern part of the peninsula (Lindl.).
Tylophora asthmalica of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A twining Asclepioid plant called
in Bengalee “ unta-mool,” in Telinga “ kaka-palla” (Lindl.), in Tamil “ codegam ” or “ coorinja”
(Drur.) ; and from early times its root employed as an emetic : — observed by Roxburgh, J. Anderson,
Wight, ancl Drury, from Mysore to Coromandel and Bengal, “ very abundant,” to “ be met with
in nearly all situations and in flower at all seasons; ” is known to grow on Ceylon (Pers.) ; and was
observed by Mason indigenous in Burmah. By European colomsts, was carried to the Mauritius
Islands, and cultivated there (Pers., and Boj.).
Convolvulus (Argyreia) bracteatus of Southern Hindustan. A branching woody twiner, filled
vvith milky juice ; and from early times, its boiled leaves applied to scrofulous enlargements of the
joints, using the water as fomentations : — observed by Wallich cat. 1419, and Wight, common “ near
Madras ” (Lindl.), and known to grow as far as Coromandel (Drur.).
Anisomeles Malabarica of Tropical Plindustan. A Labiate shrub, two to five feet high with
white woolly branches, and called in Tamil “ retti pemeretti ” (Lindl.) or “ peyameratti,” in Telinga
“ moga-bira,” in Malabar “ kaiintoomba” (D rur.); from early times, employed m edicinally:— observed
by Rheede x. pl. 93 in Malabar; by Graham, on “ the Katruj and Kamatkee ghauts,” and by
Law “ at N alutw ar;” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the peninsula as far as
Travancore (Drur.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. By European colonists, was carried to' the
Mauritius Islands (Drur.).
Aristolochia bracteata of Hindustan. Trailing, and called in Telinga “ gardi gavapoo ’’.(Lindl.)
or “ gadida-guda-pa,” in Tamil “ adclatinapalay ” (Drur.), on the Deccan “ gundatee ” or “ keeramar”
worm-killer (Graham), its juice from early times squeezed into wounds to kill worms, all parts of the
bitter and nauseous plant used also medicinally: — observed by Buchanan on the banks of the Jumna
in Northern Hindustan (Wall, rar, ii. 3); by Newton, its dried root used in Scinde “ to increase uterine
contractions ; ” by Gibson, and Graham, growing abundantly in “ dark red or black soil ” on the
D eccan; by Retz obs. v. 29, Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Drury, in cultivated ground on the Coromandel
coast and as far as Travancore, its fresh bruised leaves applied in “ that kind of psora called in Tamil
carpang."
Ficus dcEinonum of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. Its fruit on the trunk and branches, but
usually in long radical racemes at the apex penetrating the earth, or often entirely under ground
(L indl.); from early times, the juice known as extremely p oison ou s:— growing on the seacoast
of Tanjore (Vahl., and R oxb.). Farther East, observed by Mason in Burmah, called there “ yae-
kha-ung.”
A rum [Typhciium) trilobatum of Tropical Eastern A sia and the Malayan archipelago. Stemless,
and called in Telinga “ surei-kund,” in Bengalee “ ghekool ” (Lindl.) ; and. from early times, its
fresh tubers employed medicinally in scirrhous tumours ancl the bites of venomous snakes : — observed
by Nimmo in “ the Concans ” as far as Bombay (Graham) ; by Roxburgh fi. iii. 505, in other parts of
Plindustan ; and is known to grow on Ceylon (Pers.). P'arther East, was observed by Loureiro ii.
534 in A nam; by Blume rumph. i. 132, as far as Java; and is termed “ arisarum amboinicum”
by Rumphius v. pl. 110. “ T. Orixense,” termed in Bengalee “ ghet-kuchoo ” (Drur.), and observed
by Roxburgh ¡11. 503, and W ight pl. Sot, in the peninsula and Bengal, by Mason in Burmah, may be
compared.
Gracilaria lichenoides of the coast of Ceylon and the opposing portion of the Malayan archipelago.
A fucus or seaweed, in colour between olive and purple (Mason), and from early times
highly V3,lued for food on Ceylon and other islands of the East — (Lindl.) : by O’Shaughnessy first
brought into notice : observed by Mason v. 507 in Burmah, abounding and of superior quality on
tlie Tenasserim coast, and called “ kyouk-pwen.” From transported specimens, described by Turner
pl. 113.
OF A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 5 2 5
and Wight, very common on the Coromandel coast, used for various medicinal purposes and its
ripe ben-ies making excellent pickles (Drur.) ; by Burmann pl. 24, on Ceylon. Imported into
Europe under the name of Lopez root, attained formerly some celebrity; ancl according to Bidie,
is remarkable for a happy combination of three qualities, being stimulant, carminative, and tonic.
“ In this year” (Dio, and Clint.), voyage of Trajan from Ctesiphon down the Euphrates to the
PersiBaenf oGreu lft.h e close of the reign of Trajan (Suid., Ermerins, and Sor. Eph. 38), Soranus E- p,h esi•us
leaving Alexandria and arriving in Rome, where he practised medicine. He quotes Archigenes,
Moschion, and Rufus, and — with his pupil Attalus is mentioned by Galen. Some-of the writings of
Soranus Ephesius were translated into Latin by Caelius Aurelianus.
Ruta linifolia of the Mediterranean countries. A species of rue called in Greece “ pëgani ”
(Sibth.) ; and the n H f A N O N : A e i O N prescribed as an application by Soranus Ephesius mul. aff.,
48 — may be compared : R. linifolia was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, from Greece to Cyprus
and Constantinople. Westward, is described by Barrelier pl. 1186 ; is termed “ r. sylvestris linifolia
hispánica” by aTournefort inst. 257 ; and is known to grow in waste places from Tunis to Spam, the
leaves smooth (Pers.). Erigeron acre of Europe, and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called \y\-Bú\.a\-a. blue flea-bane
(Prior); and the KONYZA: A e n T 0 * f A A 0 C prescribed as an application by Soranus Ephesius
m. a 48,— may be compared : E. acre was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos and the Bithynian
Olympus. Westward, is termed “ aster arvensis cæruleus acris” by Tournefort inst. 481; was
observed by Linnæus in Lapland ; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe (Curt. lond. i. pl.
60, and P ers.). Asparagus verticillatus of the East Mediterranean countries. The ACnAPAPON: Af P ION
enumerated among potherbs by Soranus Ephesius mul. aff. 15 — may be compared : A. verticillatus
is termed “ a. orientalis foliis galii ” by Tournefort cor. 21 ; was also observed in the East by Buxbaum
V. pl. 37 ; by Sibthorp, from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna ; and young shoots of all the species
were found by Chaubard eaten in the Peloponnesus. (Compare also A. officinalis of the W est).
“ 117, A ugust” (D io, and Clint.), Trajan succeeded by Hadrian, fourteenth Roman emperor.
The hieroglyphic ovals of Pladrian occur at the “ Oasis of Khargeh, on a ruin near Esneh, at
Ermend” or Plermonthis, “ on the little temple of Isis above Medinet-abu, on the Typhonium at
Dendera, and on an obelisk” (now in Rome, Glid. analect.).
All pretension to territory beyond the Euphrates and Tigris, at once relinquished by Hadrian.
Who in private life was fond of the society of “ philosophers, grammarians, rhetors, musicians, painters,
geometers, and astronomers ” (Spartian. 5 to 16, and Eutrop. viii. 6).
“ 118 A. D .” (Spartian., and Clint.), in consequence of difficulties with the Sarmatas and Roxo-
lani, Hadrian visiting Moesia ; where peace was concluded with the king of the Roxolani.
“ 120 A. D .” (Spartian. 10, and Clint.), visit of Pladrian to Gani, and afterwards to Germany,
and Britain. Across this island he built' a wall, “ separating the Romans from the barbarians : ”
the remains traceable to the present day “ from Carlisle to N ew castle” (Blair).
“ In this year” (Perceval i. 85), bursting of a reservoir at Mareb near San’aa, causing destruction
among the descendants of Saba: — an event alluded to in the Surat-Saba chapter of the Koran,
and giving rise to an Arab proverb.
“ In or about this year” (Percev. ii. 411), birth of Temin, founder of “ one of the most considerable
tribes of Arabia.”
“ 122 A. D .” (Euseb., Spartian. 10, and Clint.), after spending a winter at Tarracon in Spain,
Hadrian by the way of Asia visiting Athens. — He next sailed for Sicily, and ascended mount Etna.
“ 123 A. D .” (Yuan kian loui han, and Klapr. mem. ii. 343), Pan young sent Westward established
the military post of Lieou tchhin in Lat. 42" 4S' Long. 25° 18' (W. of Peking), attacked and
defeated the Kiu szu or Ouigour, and took possession of their country. — Under the Thang, peace
having been concluded with the Ouigour, a city of the third order was built here, called at present
Louktchak.
“ 124 A. D. = 3d year of the ‘yen-kouang’ of Ngan-ti ” (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the
P'orty-seventh cycle.
“ 125 A. D .” (Euseb., Plieronym., and Clint.), at Athens, Hadrian addressed on behalf of the
Christians by the philosopher Aristides, and Ouadratus a disciple of the apostles : and a decree
obtained, That no one should be put to death without trial in due form.
About this time, “ n o to 134 A. D .” (Clint, iv. p. 123), the Gnostic Sect founded by Saturninus.
Who continued preaching in Antioch and Syria, while his colleague Basilides proceeded to A lexandria.
“ 126 A. D. = ‘ young-kien,’ 1st year of Hiao-chun-ti ” or Chun-ti, of the Han or Seventh
dynasty— (Chinese chron. table).
<r ■■ 1?
. }
T -
f i r ii