i . / -
W Yfei
"0
f r “' refel I ' .
- f r 0 îëü
' .'iSC ']
0 i r i' ': iU
■a*' f r .
'■ {
- fo to
.
■ U: .
'fr'
. >:
■ tel:
'-■■fofr
.
. i t
r ■ ■"
:. ; r
. ;fr .
' "ta
-tt ■ taj
-i’te
Ì :
fri / I ft
"li: - fei
i
! t e k ' ’ffitoto
••i ' ' T . . ì T
i . ft tos
7 4 4 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
Canarium strictnm of Southern Hindustan. A large Terebinthoid tree called in Tamil “ con-
gilinin-marum,” in Malabar “ thelly ” (Drur.) ; its resin, distinguished as black dammer, known from
early times : —observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from the mountain “ forests about Courtalthe
Samoan Islands. Westward, by Roxburgh, and Wight, in Hindustan; by Nimmo, in “ S. Concan
” (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay.
Gordonia obtusa of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A beautiful Camellioid tree called
“ nagetta ” (Drur.) ; its beech-like timber much used from early times : — observed by Wallich, Wight,
and Beddome, “ common on the Neilgherries, Wynaad, and Western Ghauts of Madras from twenty-
five hundred to seventy-five hundred feet” iu elevation (Drur.).
Cleyera gymnanthera of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A large Camellioid tree, its
timber from early times valued by the natives as strong and durable : —observed by Wight “ common
about Ootacamund” on the Neilgherries (Drur.).
Hugonia m ystax of Ceylon and Southern Hindustan. A yellow-flowered shrub ten to fifteen
feet high called in Tamil “ agoore,” in Malabar “ modera canni ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its
root employed in snake-bites and for other medicinal purposes ; —observed by Rheede ii. pl. 19 in
Malabar ; by Drury, “ commonly met with in Travancore ; ” by Wight, as far as Coromandel ; and is
known to grow on Ceylon (Pers.).
Euonymus crenulaius of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A small tree, its close-grained
box-like wood known from early times : —observed by Wallich, Wight, and Beddome, on the Neilgherries,
Pulneys, and Western Ghauts, its wood may be used “ for wood-engraving” (Drur.).
Sarcostigma K leinn of Soutliern Hindustan. A Hernandioid woody climber; its oil, called
“ adul” or “ odul” (Drur.), from early times much used on the Western coast for rheumatism : —
observed by Wight pl. 1854 in Travancore (madr. exh. rep., and Drur.).
Euphorbia cattimandoo of Southern Hindustan. A shrub or small tree called in Telinga “ catti-
mandu ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its juice used as a vesicant, and when boiled as a cement : —■
observed by W. Elliot at Vizagapatam, the boiled juice “ sold in the bazaar” (Wight pl. 1993).
Cleistanthus patulus of Southern Hindustan. A large Euphorbiaceous tree called in Telinga
“ jigiiru” (Drur.) ; and its hard durable timber known from early times : —observed by Roxburgh
cor. pl. 170, and Wight, at Courtallum and on the Circar mountains (Drur ).
Macaranga Innica of Southern Hindustan. A peltate-leaved Euphorbiaceous tree called in
Tamil “ vuttathamaray,” in Malabar “ putta-thamara ” (Drur.); and known from early times: —
observed by Wight, and Drury, on the Neilgherries and in Travancore, its gum little known but
affording superior impressions of leaves coins and medallions.
Macaranga tomentosa, growing also in Travancore, exudes a similar gum (Drur.).
Zizyphus glabrata of Southern Hmdustan. An unarmed tree twenty feet high called in Tamil
“ carookoova,” in Telinga “ kakoopala ” (Drur.) ; and from eariy times, its leave.s used medicinally : —
growing in Mysore, and observed by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight pl. 282, a decoction of its leaves
given in cachexia (Drur.).
Gluta Travancorica of Southern Hindustan. A large Terebinthoid tree called in Tamil “ shen-
kurani ” (Drur.), its fine-grained timber known from early times: — observed by Beddome on the
Tinnevelly mountains and in Travancore, its wood taking a good polish and “ well adapted for furniture
” (Drur.).
Acacia sundra of Southern Hindustan. A tree twenty to thirty feet high called in Tamil
“ karungali,” in Telinga “ sundra” (Drur.); and from early times, its very hard and durable tijiiber
preferred by the natives for house-posts : — observed by Roxburgh cor. iii. pl. 225, Wight, and Beddome,
from the Bombay Presidency and Mysore to Travancore and the Northern Circars, abundant,
a tree much resembling A. catechu, and yielding a similar resin.
Actocarpus fraxinifolius oi Southern Hindustan. A large Leguminous tree, deciclitous-leaved,
and called in Tamil “ mallay-kone,” by the Burghers on the Neilgherries “ kilingi ” (Drur.); its
flesh-coloured light timber from early times used for building and furniture: — observed by Wight,
Beddome, and Drury, on the Travancore mountains and Western Ghauts and in South Canara, a tree
of rapid growth, largely used for shingles in Coorg and hence calleci shingle tree.
Ccesalpinia digyna of Southern Hindustan. From early times, an oil for lamps expressed from
its seeds : — observed in Southern Hindustan by Rottler, ancl Wight (Steud, Graham, and Drur).
Terminalia coriacea oi the Coromandel mountains. A large tree calleci in Tamil “ kara-maradoo,”
in Canara “ mutti” (Urur.) ; and from early times, much used for the solid wheels of buffalo-carts,
its wood being heavy hard and strong: —observed on the Coromandel mounlains by Roxburgh, ancl
Wight (Drur.).
Lobelia nicotianifotia of the mountains of Southern Hindustan and Ceylon. A stout annual
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 7 4 5
fi' 7
lum in the Tinnevelly district ” to Malabar, the Trichore forests, and Pulney hills, the resin sold along
the Canara coast. ^ i a t - Lwunitze7'a race77iosa OÍ the seashore from Madagascar to Hindustan and Burmah. A lermicalled
in Mahratta “ boke-nul” or “ deonul” (Drur.), and probably from its uses as a reed in incantations
“ dawul” (Gibson) ; from early time.s, its leaves used medicinally, and its dried hollow stalks
as koliiri horns :—observed by Graham from Kandalla near Bombay to the Parr hills and Mahableshwur
; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, on the Neilgherries and as far as Canara and the mountains
of Ceylon. Conocarpus acuminaius oi ihe Circar mountains. A large Terminalioid tree called in Telinga
“ pachi-man ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its wood if kept dry almost equalling teak used for
house-building : —observed on the Circar mountains by Roxburgh, Wallich, and Wight.
Gyrocarpus Asiaticus of Southern Hindustan. A large Terminalioid tree called in Telinga
“ tanukoo” (Drur.); and from early times, its light timber preferred above all others for catamarans,
used also for cowrie-boxes and toys : —observed by Law “ on the banks of the Krishna near
Nalutwar” (Graham), in the Bombay district; by Roxburgh cor. i. pl. i, and Wallich rar. 11. 68, on
the mountains of Coromandel.
Myrtus {Rhodomyrtus) tomentosa of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A
shrub or small tree, its fruit eaten from early times : — according to Wight, and Drury, “ common on
every part of the Neilgherries,” also on Ceylon and Malacca, its ripe fruit “ very palatable,” much
like the gooseberry ; was observed by myself as far as Singapore ; by Loureiro, in Anam (Steud.) ;
is known to grow in China, where also its fruit is eaten and preserved. Transported to Europe and
North America, has become frequent in greenhouses.
Zanonia Indica of Ceylon and Southern Hindustan. A Cucurbitaceous vine climbing over tall
trees and called in Malabar “ penar-valli ” (Drur.) ; its leaves from early times employed medicinally
: — observed by Rheede viii. pl. 47 in Malabar ; by Wight, and Drury, at “ Alwaye near Cochin,”
and called bandolier fr u it; and is known to.grow on Ceylon (Pers.).
Bryonia calloxa of Southern Hindustan. A woody Cucurbitaceous climber called in Tamil
“ toomutti,” in Telinga “ boddama” (Drur.); and from early time.s, its seeds used as a vermifuge,
employed also in diseases of horses, and yielding an oil for the lamps of the poorer classes : —
observed by Rottler in Coromandel (.Ainsl., and Drur.).
Bryonia epigaea of Southern Hindustan. A woody Cucurbitaceous climber called in Tamil
“ kolung kovay,” in Telinga “ akasa-gherooda,” in Hindustanee “ rakus ” (Drur.); and from early
times, its root regarded as a remedy in snake-bites, used also for other medicinal purposes : —
observecl by Rottler, Roxburgh, and Wight, in Coromandel, its root living in the air without water,
and well known in Mysore and on the Deccan (Ainsl., and Drur.).
Blumea balsamifera of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. Suffruticose and
yellow-flowered, called in Tagalo and Pampango “ sambon,” in Ylocano “ sobosob,” in Bisaya “ lalac-
dan ” or “ lacad bulan” or “ guitinguitin ” or “ gabuen“ or “ ayoban ” or “ alibun” (Blanco); and
from early times employed medicinally: —observed by Nimmo in “ the Concans,” the bruised plant
smelling of camphor (Graham) ; growing also on Ceylon and in Assam, its taste pungent (Drur.);
“ is in very general use among the Javanese and Chinese as an expectorant ” (Horsf.) ; is termed
“ baccharis salvia ” by Loureiro, as observed in Anam, used there as stomachic, antispasmodic, and
emmenagogue ; was observed by Blanco on the Philippines, much used medicinally by the natives, and
regarded at Manila as a substitute for “ salvia ; ” by Rumphius vi. pl. 24, on the Moluccas (Drur.).
Rhoaodendron arboreum of the mountains of the Punjaub and Southern Hindustan. A tree;
from early times, a good subacid jelly made from its flowers : — observed by Stewart on the mountains
ofthe Puniaub; by Wight, Hoffmeister, and Drury, on the “ Neilgherries and other lofty
inountain-ranges,” its young leaves according to Madden poisonous to cattle.
Gaultheria Leschenault ii oi the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A glabrous shrub, flowering
all the year, Us berries blue, and known from early times : —observed by Wight, Drury, and Broughton,
abounding on the Neilgherries, an oil procured from it identical with that from the Canadian G.
procumbens. From transported specimens, described by Decandolle prodr. vii. 593 to 606.
Isonandra acuminata of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A Sapotoid tree eighty to
ninety feet high, rising to a great height before branching, called in Tamil “ pali ” or “ pauIey,” in
Malabar “ pashonti ” or “ pauchootee ” (Drur,); and known from early times : —observed by Las-
celles in 1850 in the Wynaad forests, by Cullen, and Cleghorn, from the Travancore forests to Coorg
and the Annamallay mountains and on the Eastern and Western Ghauts to the elevation of “ three
thousand feet,” its exudation bearing some resemblance to the gutta percha of commerce (Drur.) ;
by Dalzell fl. bom. as far as the Bombay district.
Diospyros calycina of Southern Hindustan. Called there “ vellay toveray” (Drur.); and its
ffto f.'