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San Lucar in Spain, being the first ship that sailed around the World. The names of the “ thirtyone
” returning c om p a n i o n s o f M a g e l l a n — h a v e b e e n p r e s e r v e d b y H e r r e r a .
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 308, 361, and 518), Belgrade in Hungary captured by foe Turks
under Suliman II. After voting assistance to king Louis of Hungary, the assembly at Noriinberg
responding to the request of pope Adrianus VI., Either to convince Luther by sound argument, or
enforce the emperor’s decree, declared against Luther’s doctrines, and urged convening a genet al
Council, to amend the condition of the church.
“ The same year” (Purchas, and Holmes i6io), Bermuda visited, if not discovered, by John
Bermudez. , . .
At this time (according to Encycl. Meth., and Holmes) Newfoundland containing as many as
fifty houses, belonging to European settlers of different nations. _
“ 1523 A. D.” (Alst), at Brussels, two Augustinian monks having declared, They would be
guided in their faith solely by the Bible, burned alive. _ ,
At the close of this or beginning of the following year (art de verif. contm.), kicab-ianub succeeded
by his son Tecum-Umam, now “ fifteenth ” king of Guarimala at Ouiché.
‘‘ 1524 Jan. 17th” (letter in soc. Hakluyt, and Churchill coll.), under instructions from the French
kino- Francis, Janus Verrazzanus of Florence sailing from a rock near Madeira. Continuing West-
ward, he came upon a new country in “ Lat. 34°,” the coast of fine sand, everywhere low and covered
with immense forests, “ palme” (Chamcerops palmetto), “ liuri” (Persea Carohnensts). cipressi ^
(Taxodium distichum) ; foe natives wearing a covering of “ certe erbe che stavano pendenti A rami
deMi alberi” (Tillandsia usiieoides) interwoven with cords of “ canape silvestra” (Apocynum cannabinum),
and having “ genere è di legumi” (Phaseolus vulgaris)-, he also met with “ molte vite bear-
in» »rapes “ suave e dolce” (Vitis vulpina), “ rose silvestre” (Rosa Carolina), “ viole (Viola
P edia), “ gigli” (Lilium siiperbum), deer (Cervus Virgrnianus), stags (Cervus wapiti?), art hares
(Lepus Americanus). After proceeding fifty leagues Southward without finding a harbouq he
returned and followed the coast Northeast. North of an opening (probably the mouth ot the Hudson),
he met with “ quercia ” (oais), “ cipressi” (Cupressus thuioides), “ pomi” ( C r a t c e g u s tomentosa),
“ luculliane” (Cerasus serótina), “ prune” (Prunus maritima), and “ lupi cervieri” (Felts ru fa )-, he
reached “ Lat. 41° 40',” and speaks of an island about as large as Rhodes “ di grandezza siimle alia
isola di Rodi.” From this point, he followed close along the coast “ one hundred and fifty” leases,
and “ fifty” lea»ues beyond met with “ abeti” (Abies nigra), “ cipressi” (Thuia Occidentalis), ancl like
indications of a cold climate. In “ Lat. 50° ” he left the coast, and as appears by the date of his letter,
reached Dieppe in France on or before “ July 8th.” . , , , a -
Thuia Occidentalis of Northeast America. The Canadian ardoi'-vitoe, clearly the cipre.^i
seen by Verrazzanus at the Northern termination of his voyage, — and the “ ceclres ” seen by Car-
tier around Chaleur Bay; T. Occidentalis was observed by F. A. Michaux from “ Lat. 49 to 45
and along the Alleghanies to the rapids of the Potomac ; by myself, from 48° on the St. Lawrence to
44° alon» the Atlantic and 43° in central New York ; by Elliot, on the Alleghanies of Carolina ; ancl
accordin? to A. Gray, grows Westward as far as Wisconsin. Transported to France in the reign of
Francis (Dodoens 858, and Spreng.) the “ arbre de vie de Canade ” is mentioned by Belon m 1553 ; trees
under cultivation by Robin in Paris were known to C. Bauhin (edit. Matthiol.) ; and T. Occidentalis
was observed by Ciot-Bey and Figari in the gardens of Egypt.
“ April 25 ” (art de verif. contin.), Pedro de Alvarado with an army from Mexico entering Gua-
Sept. 6th” (Castanh., and San Roman, C. Correa giving “ 7th”), earthquake in Plinclustan,
experienced off the port of Chaul by Vasco cla Gama on his Third voyage arriving as viceroy. He cliec
“ Dec. 24th,” and was buried in the cathedral at Cochim -. — but the cathedral together with the city
and harbour were destroyed by the English “ in 1806” (Stanley edit. C. Corr. 429).
“ Nov. 14th” (Francisco de Xeres, and Churchill coll.), sailing of Francisco 1 izarro from trt
Pacific side of the Isthmus. Following the coast farther South than any before him, he reached the
* Cratægus tomentosa of Northeast America. The pear-thorn is a small tree, its fruit £obabIy
the “ pomi” '’seen by Verrazzanus after passing foe opening and before reaching Lat. 41° 40': —
“ pommes” brou»ht by foe natives, were seen by Cartier in Chaleur Bay, and “ aubespines” w.th
fruit as large as prunes, along the St. Lawrence : a “ white thorne ” that “ affords hawes as big as an
En»lish cherrie, which is esteemed aboue a cherrie for his goodnesse and pleasantnesse to trt ta.ste,
waèknown to W. Wood on Massachusetts Bay : C. tomentosa was observed by Pursh on the Chaudiere
• by myself, from Montreal to Western Mas.sachusetts ; by Torrey, on the Hudson to Lat. 41 i
by A.’Gray, “ common” in central New York, and received from “Michigan,^ Illinois, and southwest-
ward.” Transported to Europe, is described by Linnæus, and Jacquin hort. i. pl. 28.
Equator ; and landing with most of his men, sent the ship back for supplies. On the return of
foe ship, he continued South ; —and after much delay, again landing and sending for supplies, he
was joined by other ships bringing James de Almagro “ who was at the chief expense of this enter-
prize.”
“ Towards the end of the year” (Ovied. nat. hyst. f. 14, and Asher edit. Huds. p. xc), Estenan
Gomez, now in Spanish employ, examining the American coast “ in 40° and 41° N .;” finding the
natives larger than those of Terra Firma, clothed in “ cueros” leather, and furs, including “ zebelli-
nos” sables. His “ great river” “ in the neighbourhood ofthe cape De Muchas Islas,” —afterwards
called by Spanish seamen “ Rio de Gamas,” is clearly tne North or Hudson river (see Spreng.).
“ The same year” (Alst.), Luther’s followers including monks who had married and cast the
images out of churches, a demand by pope Clemens V II. through his legate in the assembly at Norimberg,
That the elector of Saxony should purge his province of Lutherans.
“ 1525, February” (Alst. p. 521), the French defeated in Insubria, and their king Francis taken
prisoner and carried to Charles V. in Spain.—,He was released in the following year, leaving as hostages
two sons ; and deeming the conditions unjust, entered into a treaty with pope Clemens V II. and
the Venetians.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 308), Rhodes captured from the knights of St.John by a Turkish
fleet.
“ The same year” (Steinschneid. iii. 27), the bible first printed in Hebrew “ with perfect
masora.” Corrected by Jacob ben Chajjim of Tunis.
“ On the first Sunday .of Lent” (according to his own account), Cortes on his land-journey from
the city of Mexico to Honduras leaving tyculan ; a populous and extensive province under the rule
of Apospolon, Having detected a plot for the destruction of the Spaniards originated by his prisoner
Quauhtemotzin, the ex-emperor and his assistant were put to death. From Trujillo — he returned by
sea, leaving “ April 25th,” and after visiting Havana “ reached the port of Chalchicuela ” (Vera Cruz)
May 24th. While writing this fifth letter (dated “ Sept. 3d, 1526”), a messenger from the Pacific
brought news of the arrival of a ship from the “ Malucco Islands.”
Juniperus thurifera of Mexico ? A tree more than twenty-five feet high (Daubeny) ; and the
“ aromatic resin extracted from the pine tree,” used according to Cortes by the natives of Aculan for
“ incensing their idols,” — maybe compared: J. thurifera is known to grow in Mexico (Pers.): but
is termed “ incensó” by Montigiano (Targ.), “ j. hispánica” by Miller, and Lamarck enc. ii. 626,
and occurring in the “ kingdom of Murcie and Anatolie ” (Cosson iii. 129 and A. Dec.), has clearly
been transported by European colonists from one continent to the other.
“ The same year” (according to his own account), Oviedo in Hayti, writing his “ Natural hystoria
de las Indias; ” in which he refers to his “ General y natural istoria de Indias.” He mentions (according
to Sprengel) Vitis Indica, and Quercus salicifolia.
Anona s.]uamosa of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of Tropical America. The cus-
tard-appie or sugar-apple, called in Mexico “ ahate ” or “ ate ” * (Hernand. 340 to 454) ; observed by
* Anona reticulata of the West Indies. The bullocks-heart or “ anon ” was observed by Oviedo
gen. hist. viii. 18 in the West Indies, its fruit resembling the “ guanabano,” yellow ; — the “ ananes”
on Cuba by the Portuguese companion of De Soto 5 ; A. reticulata by Jacquin obs. 223, and Macfadyen,
wild on the mountains of Jamaica. By European colonists, was carried to Southern Brazil,
ob.served under cultivation by Martius ; and Westward across foe Pacific to the Philippines, called in
Tagalo “ anonas’-’ (Blanco); to the neighbouring islands, observed under cultivation by Rumphius i.
136; to Anam (Lour.) : to Burmah (Mason) ; to Hindustan, observed by Rheede iii. pl. 30 under
cultivation in Malabar, by Roxburgh in Bengal and called “ noona” (A. Dec.), by Graham “ in gardens
ancl about temples” in the environs of Bombay, and called “ ram-phul;” to the Mauritius
Islands (Boj.), and called by the French “ coeur-de-boeuf ” (A. Dec).
Lepidium Virginicum of Tropical and Subtropical North America. A wildpeppergrass, apjiar-
ently the “ ma.stuerço saluage ” seen by Oviedo nat. hyst. 80 growing abundantly : — L. Virginicum
was seen in the West Indies by Sloane pl. 123; by Humboldt, on the mountain near Caraccas; by
Chamisso, at St. Catherine’s in Brazil ; by Baldwin, on Bermuda and at 31° in Florida ; by Croom, at
30° 30'; by Chapman, in “ waste places, very common;” by Drummond, near Covington in Louisiana;
by E. James, near foe Rocky mountains; by Michaux, in Illinois; by A. Gray, along “ roadsides”
in central New York ; by Elliot, iu South Carolina ; by myself, in waste places from 38° to
43° along the Atlantic; and “ a plant like Knavers-mustard, called New England mustard,” was
known to Josselyn rar. 54 before 1670. Transported to Europe, L. Virginicum is described by
Morison hist ii. pl. 21, and Linnæus ; and for many years has continued springing up spontaneously
in the lazaretto at Bayonne (Godron, and A. Dec.).
Heliconia bihai of Tropical America. Herbaceous and banana-like ; the “ bihaos,” whose leaves
frtr.
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