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ing according to Gibson an article of commerce with the Arabs ; by Law, “ common on sandstone hills
at Padshapore, and at the fails of Gokauk ” (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Coromandel,
Hurdwar, and Assam. Is described by Rumphius ii. pl. 43 (Pers.), and according to Drury, the
observed in Hindustan by N. L. Burmann pl. 47 ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, “ on the Neilgherries
and about Nundigrood, yielding “ a long silky fibre resembling hemp, also fit for making ropes ; ”
by Graham, as far as “ Kandalla” near Bombay.
Sida retusa of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. Shrubby, and from early
times, its root employed medicinally by the Hindus ; —observed by Rheede x. pl. 18 in Malabar; by
Graham, as far as “ Kandalla” near Bombay ; by Wight, and Waring pharm. ind., in other parts of
the peninsula as far as Tranquebar (Pers., and Drur.). Farther East, is described by Rumphius vi.
pl. 19, and is known to occur on the Philippines and Amboyna (Pers.). Also on the Mauritius
Islands (Pers.), probably carried there either by European or prior navigators.
Hibiscus furcatus of Western Hindustan. Annual; its strong white fibre known from early
times: —observed by Law on “ the Ghauts” (Graham), to and beyond Bombay; by Royle, in other
parts of Hindustan. From transported specimens, is described by Willdenow (Steud.).
A talantia mimofhylla of Western Hindustan. An Aurantiaceous shrub or small tree called in
Tamil “ cat-ilimicham,” in Telinga “ adivi-nimma ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ maker lim-
boo ” or “ ranlimboo” (Graham) ; and known from early times : —observed by Rheede iv. pl. 12 in
Malabar; by Graham, “ common on the Ghauts” as far as Bombay, and at “ Mahableshwur ; ” by
Roxburgh, in the forests of Coromandel, its hard heavy close-grained wood suitable for cabinet-work
(Drur.).
Cissus pedata of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. Called in Tagalo “ ayo”
(Blanco) ; and from early times, its root employed medicinally on the Philippines : — observed by
Rheede vii. pl. 10 in Malabar ; by Graham, to and beyond Bombay, in “ the Concans, Mahableshwur
etc., common ; ” by Roxburgh, Wallich, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason, in Burmah
; and by Blanco, on the Philippines.
Xanthoxylon triphyllum of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archijrelago. A small unarmed
tree, its aromatic berry-like capsules from early times used as a substitute for pepper: —
observed by Graham in “ the ravines at Kandalla ” near Bombay, “ Parr Ghaut, and table land of
Mahableshwur, not very common; ” by Wight pl. 149 (Drur.), under cultivation in Plindustan. Farther
East, was received by Roxburgh i. 416 from Pulo Penang ; was observed by Rumphius ii. pl. 62 on
Amboyna, a cosmetic for the complexion prepared by women from its bark ; is known to grow also
on the Philippines (Pers.) ; and the “ Evodia hortensis ” seen by Forster on the New Hebrides and
Friendly Islands, is by some writers regarded as not distinct.
Ailanthus Malabarica of Western Plindustan. A very handsome pinnate-leaved tree called
in Telinga “ perumarum,” in Malabar “ peroomarum” (Drur.), iu the environs of Bombay "wood”
(Graham); its fragrant resin from early times employed medicinally: —observed by Rheede vi. pi. 15
in Malabar; by Graham, in “ ravines at Nagotnah” and in other localities around Bombay; by
Buchanan, in the Annamullay forests, its resin called “ muttee-pal; ” by Ainslie, Wight, and Drury,
as far as Travancore.
Naregamia alata of Western Plindustan. A small ornamental Meliaceous shrub called in Malabar
“ nela-naregam ” (Drur.); and from early times, its leaves root and juice employed medicinally : —
observed by Rheede x. pl. 25 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, in “ the country east of ” Bombay, “ rare” (Graham)
; by Wight, and Drury, “ wild in the Travancore forests,” and flowering “ freely when introduced
in gardens.”
Chloroxylon swietenia of Western Plindustan. The satin-wood tree is large and mahogany-like,
called in Tamil “ moodooda” or “ vum-maay ” or “ kodawah-porsh,” in Telinga “ billo billuda”
(Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ billoo” (Graham); and its close-grained box-like timber
valued from early times, and known to bear immersion in water : — observed by Gibson on “ the
Alleh Belah hills,” and by Law “ about the falls of Gokauk ” (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, and Wight,
in the mountainous districts of the peninsula as far as the Circars ; by Tennent, in size and durability
“ by fitr the first of the timber-trees of Ceylon” (Drur,).
Saniadera Indica of Western Hindustan. A Simarubous tree called in Malabar “ karinghota ’
(Drur.) ; and from early times, its bark used as febrifuge, and oil extracted from its seeds : — observed
by Rheede vi. pl. 18 in Malabar; by Lush in the “ Goa jungles,” by Nimmo “ throughout the
South Concan” (Graham), nearly as far a.s Bombay; by Wallich, Wight, and Drury, at lialghotty
and abounding in Travancore and Cochin, its bruised leaves applied in erysipelas, and seeds “ strung
together and tied round children’s necks as a preventive ” of affections of the chest.
Tragia chaniaelea of Western Hindustan. Erect and linear-leaved, called in Malabar “ codi
very acid pulp of its fruit “ is used by the inhabitants of Java instead of soap.” By Nimmo, the living
plant was introduced into the environs of Bombay (Graham).
Calophyllum datum of Western Plindustan. A large tree called in Malabar “ poon ” or “ poonavanacu
” (Rheede) ; and from early times beaten up with leaves of Argyreia Malabarica to promote
the maturation of abscesses : — observed by Rheede ii. pl. 34 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in “ S. Concan
” (Graham) ; by Burmann pl. 25, on Ceylon ; mentioned also by Roxburgh, and Drury p. 52.
Zizyphus xylopyra of Western Hindustan. A small thorny tree called in Telinga “ gotee”
(Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ gootee” (Graham); and from early times, its fruit used by
Moochies for making blacking, and the kernels eaten : —observed by Law at Duddi, and by Gibson,
and Graham, “ common on the Ghauts ; ” by Retz, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Cochin and
Courtallum and in “ Southern India generally,” its wood “ very hard and durable and not heavy,” and
its “ young shoots and leaves ” eaten by cattle (Drur.).
C-asearia esculenta of Western Hindustan. A Samydaceous shrub, its leaves eaten from early
times and its roots employed medicinally: —observed by Rheede v. pl. 50 in Malabar; by Nimmo,
on “ the hilly parts of S. Concan ” (Graham) nearly as far as Bombay ; by Roxburgh, on the Circar
mountains, its “ bitter purgative roots much used by the mountaineers ” (Drur.).
Acacia (A lbizzii) amara of Western Hindustan. An unarmed tree thirty feet high called in
Tamil “ woonja,” in Telinga “ nalla-eegoo ” or “ nalla-eenga ” or “ narlinjie ” (Drur.); and from early
times, its leaves used for washing the hair, and its handsome hard and durable timber for building
and other purposes : —observed by Law “ common on the banks of the Krishna, about Nalutwar”
(Graham); by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, as far as Mysore and the Madras Presidency, its wood
“ superior to sal and teak in transverse strength and cohesive power” (Drur.).
Mimosa (Dichrostachys) cinerea of Western Plindustan. A thorny shrub six to seven feet high
called in Tamil “ vadatara” or “ waratara,” in Telinga “ vellitooroo yeltoor,” in Hindustanee “ vur-
tuli ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bruised young shoots applied in ophthalmia: — observed by
Graham “ common on the sterile plains of the Deccan,” also by myself ; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and
Wight, as far as Coromandel, its wood “ very hard ” (Drur.); and by Burmann pl. 2, on Ceylon.
Cassia auriculata of Western Hindustan A shrub called in Tamil “ averie,” in Telinga “ tang-
hedu,” in Hindustanee “ turwer ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ turwar ” or “ awul ” (Graham);
and from early times, its seeds and bark employed medicinally, its bark also in tanning, its root in
tempering iron with steel, and its branches preferred for making “ datuns” or tooth-scrubbers: —
observed by Gibson, Burn., and Graham, growing “ abundantly in the sterile tracts of the Deccan
and Goozerat; ” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, common in other parts of the peninsula.
Mucuna gigantea of Western Hindustan. A large woody climber called in Malabar “ kaka-
valli ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bark employed in rheumatism : —observed by Rheede viii.
pl. 36 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, in “ the Concans ” (Graham), to and beyond Bombay ; by Roxburgh,
and Wight, as far as Coromandel (Drur.) : is described also by Rumphius v pl. 6.
Hardwickia binata of Western Hindustan. A tree with binate leaflets called in Tamil “ acha
karachi ” or “ kat-udugu,” in Telinga “ nar-yepi ” (Drur.); and from early times, its timber highly
valued, a strong fibre procured from its bark, and its leaves eaten by cattle : —observed by Gibson,
and Auld, “ common in the Lulling pass ” in the Bombay district (Graham) ; by myself, in the region
around the Adjunta caves ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, from Mysore and the Western slope
of the Neilgherries to the Salem and Coimbatore districts, growing as far as the elevation of “ thirty-
five hundred feet” (Drur.).
Cynometra ramijlora of Western Plindustan. A Leguminous tree sixty feet high called in Malabar
“ iripa” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its leaves and root employed medicinally, and an oil procured
Irom its seeds: — observed by Rheede iv. pl. 31, and Wight, in Malabar (Drur.) ; 'by Nimmo,
m “ S. Concan” (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; described also by Rumphius i. pl. 63.
Sonneratia acida of the seashore from the mouths of the Indus throughout the Malayan archipelago.
A flowering maritime tree called in Tagalo “ pagatpat ” or “ palatpat ” or “ palapat " jBlanco).
in Burmah “ tabu” or " tamu ” (Mason), in Bengalee “ orchaka,” in Malabar “ blatti.’’ and its radical
%xcrescences in Ceylon “ kirili-now’’ meaning kirili root (Drur.) ; from early times, its fruit eaten and
Its timber ancl radical excrescences used for various purposes : — observed bv Rheede iti. pl. 40 in
Malabar ; by Graham, in a “ salt marsh ” near Bombay, and the supply of " tewar " wood according to
Pleddle “ inexhaustible in the delta of the Indus: ” by Tennent, on Cevlon : bv Roxburgh, as far as
the Sunderbunds or mouths of the Ganges ; by Mason v, 534, in Burmah, in the mangrove swamps
ancl on the banks of almost every stream ” as “ far as tide-waters reach ; " bv mvself, within reach of
the ticle ou the Philippines, where according to Blanco its fruit is eaten, its radical excrescences used
medicinally and as a substitute for cork, and its strong limber for house and boat building; by Son