t r|;
“ 506 A. D.” (Blair), by Anien, chancellor of Alaric II. king of the Western Goths, the Theodosian
codex of Laws reformed and published.
“ Ihe same y e a r ” (Cassiodor., and Clint), letter of Theodoric, endeavouring to mediate between
Alaric I l .an d Clovis; calling upon the Burgundian king Gundebald to interpose; also upon the kino-s
of the Heruli, Guarni, and Thoringi, and threatening Clovis with combined forces should he persist
in war.
Hardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.), Dhriti
inian reigning in
Hindustan.
“ 507 A. D.” (Greg. Tur., and Clint.), by Clovis, Alaric IL defeated, Tolosa occupied, and the
Goths driven from Spain.
“ The same y e a r ” (Chron. Pasch., and Clint.), the Long Wall in Thrace built by Anastasius.
“ In this y e a r ” (ann. Jap., transl. Tits.), Bou-rets succeeded by Kei-tai, now twenty-seventh dairo
of Japan.
“ In this year under the dynasty of Learn ” (Nansu, Ven-hien-tum-kao, and lond. sat. rev. 1875),
a Chinese vessel blown by a tempest on an unknown island where thfe people ate small beans, wore
dresses made of a kind of cloth,* and the walls of their houses were built of earth raised in a circle :
the women resembled those of China, but the men had faces and voices like dogs, and the Chine.se
could not understand them. (The terra “ d o g ” being applied in China to all savages, the above
account is regarded by Leland as referring to America: and indeed there seems some correspondence
with the Northern extreme of California, provided the “ small b e an s ” can be identified with small
seeds collected for food by the Sacramento tribes).
“ 510 A. D . ” (Blair), Paris made the capital of the French dominions.
“ 511, July loth ” (Act. Concik, and Clint.), a synod convened by Clovis at Aurelianum (Orleans),
in “ November,” death of Clovis at Paris, and accession of his son Theoderic as king of the French.
“ The same y e a r ” (Theophan., and Clint.), Macedonius bishop of Constantinople, the successor
of Euphemius, deposed and banished. ■
512 A. D. (523-[-“ 25 — 35 y e a r s ” of Cosm. Ind. ii. and xi. = 5i3). As early probably as this date,
the voyage of Sopater to C I £ A & A I B Q, Ceylon, an island according to the inhabitants three hundred
r a U A I a (the Tamil “ naliguai ” ) in length and breadth : a small vessel from Persia arriving at the
same time, both parties were summoned before the king of the maritime district, and being asked
Which ot their rulers was the most powerful ? Sopater by exhibiting gold coins obtained a decision
in favour of PUJfTi £ U (Constantinople). He was treated with high honours, and conducted on an
elephant throughout the city. — The above particulars were obtained from Sopater and some of his
companions by Cosmas Indicopleustes at Adule.
“ 514 A. D . ” (Marcellin., Blair, and Clint.), revolt of the Scythian or Goth Vitalianus ; and his
fleet before Constantinople burned by a brazen speculum invented by Proclus.
“ The same y e a r ” (Lib. pontif., and Clint.), Symmachus succeeded by Hormisdas, fiftieth
bishop of Rome.
515 A. D . (Theophan., and Clint.), irruption of Huns through the “ Caspian Pylae,” and Armenia,
Cappadocia, Galatia, and Pontus, laid waste by them.
516 A. D. ( = “ 491 an. jav. — 50 y ea r s ” of Nata Kasuma, Raffles x . ) , at Astina in Java, acce.s-
sion of Suyudana as ruler of the Hindu colony. The children of Pandu Dewa Nata bein'»- excluded,
were sent by their grandfather Abiasa “ with a thousand families to establish a new country,” which
they called Amerta.
“ 518, July 9 th ” (Clint.), Anastasius succeeded by Justin, eighth Byzantine emperor. Unlike
* A p o c y n u m sp . of California. — Closely resembling but appeared to me distinct from our A. canna-
binum or “ Indian hemp,” and said to furnish fishing-lines and the fringe-cincture worn by the women
along the Sacramento. The plant observed by myself frequent on the river-flat.
L m u m p e r e n n e of Siberia and Northwest America. — The p e r e n n ia l f l a x by R. Brown
jun. near Klamath lake, and used by the natives for making nets, twine, and ropes (bot. soc. Edin.
1S6S) : “ flax growing wild ” was seen by Cornado in 1540 in the buffalo country Northeast of Culi-
acan ; “ L. Lewisii,” by E. James at the sources of the Arkansas ; by Nuttall, as far East as Fort Man-
dan on the Missouri; by Lewis and Clark, in the untimbered valleys of the Rocky mountains; and
according to Hooker, grows along the Pacific as far a.s the Arctic Sea. Westward, L. perenne or
“ L. Sibericum” was oliserved by Gmelin from Kamtchatka throughout Siberia, growing according to
Pallas from 69° on the Yenisei. Transported to Europe, was naturalized in Britain before the days of
Ray angl. iii. 362 (Pers.), and Miller (Steud.), and according to Watson occurs also in Switzerland:
clearly by European colonists was carried to Southeast Australia, where it has become naturalized
even in the Interior (Th. Corder in phytol. 1845, and A. Dec.).
his predecessor, he carried out the decree of the Council of Chalcedon, and adopted energetic measures
against the Eutychians. — And after his reign, this continued the settled policy.
“ The same y e a r ” (Procop., and Clint.), treaty with Vitalianus. — Who in the following year
was lecalled by Justin to Constantinople. Coins of Vitalianus are extant.
“ 519 A. D.” '(Alst., and Clint.), end of the chronicle of Cassiodorus. On other subjects, he
continued writing.
“ The same y e a r ” (Blair), king Arthur defeated by the Saxons under Cerdic. Givin<^ rise to
the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. ^
“ The same y e a r ” (Nicol) , by a synod in Wales, David (St. David) “ elected archbishop of
that country.” ^
“ 520 A. D . ” (Malalas, and Clint.), at Antioch, the Olympic games di.scontinued.
The same y e a r ” (Gildas hist. 26, Matth. of Westm., and anonym.), the Saxons defeated by
king Arthur at the siege of Kair Badon, near the mouth of the Severn.
“ In or about this y e a r ” (scholiast, aim. ulst., and Cockayne iii. 397), a hymn in the I r i s h la n -
written by Brogan in honour of Brigita or St. Brigit; who founded the abbey of Kildare about
twenty miles from Dublin, — and who died five years later. The hymn is published by CoUan iii. 515,
‘ 522 A. D . ” (Theophan., and Clint.), Tzathus vassal of Kobad and king of the Lazi in Colchis
on visiting Constantinople, converted to C hristianity and marries a Christian wife.
“ 523 A. D . ” (Clint.), Boethius in prison writing “ De consolatione philosophia.” — In the following
year, he was put to death by Theodoric. Boethius has been termecl “ the last Roman.”
“ A u g u s t ” (Lib. pontif., and Clint.), Hormisdas succeeded by Joannes “ fifty-first” bishop of
Rome.
“ End of October ’ (Percev. 1. 128), the Christian inhabitants of Nadjran in Yemen massacred
by the tobba Dhou-Nowas.
“ The same y e a r ” (Cosm., Theophan., and Clint, iv. p. 787), Cosmas Indicopleustes at Adule,
and the Abyssinian kmg Elesbas warring against the Homerites (Himyarites of Yemen) — Parts
of the work of Cosmas were written “ in 535,” and other parts at least twelve years later(Montfaucon,
and Yule cath. i. p. xlvii). ’
^ At this time, there were Christians throughout Arabia and among the Homerites (Himvarites) ;
m Ethiopia, Axum and the whole region around; on the island of Dioscoridis (Socotra), speakino-
Greek ; among the Persarmenians, Medes, Elamites, Bactrians, “ Ounnois,” and other Indians,
churches and bishops .being very numerous throughout all Persia; a church in “ M aR ” (I have
heard Malabar people termed “ Mala y ” at Mocha), a bishop in “ Kalliana” (Calicut) ordained In
I ersia (Nestorian), and a church under a presbyter on Ceylon; but Whether there are Christians
beyond? not known to Cosmas Indicopleustes iii. p. 17S and xi. p. 336.
P t e r o lo bm m la c e r a n s of Abyssinia. A shrub six or eight feet high called “ kantuffa” (Bruce)
and the thorns composing the hedge on which the Axuinites after passing through the Agau country
traded for gold m Sas, mentioned by Cosmas ii. 13S, — may be compared: P. lacerans was observed
by Bruce in Abyssinia, in some parts of the country growing so thickly as to impede the march of
armies (R. Brown, and Grev.).
In sailing from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, Cosmas Indicopleustes i. p. 132 and xi d 337
met with great numbers of the bird called COUC<t a { S u l a ? ) a little more than hyice as large
as kites, when the crew atraid of being driven into the main ocean and lost turned to the left and
kept along the Arabian coast. He describes “ Sinthou” as the beginning of India, separated from
Persia by the Indus; the “ Ounnoi” (Moguls), white people occupying the Northern portion of
India under their king Gollas, who has two thousand e le p h a n t s and a large force of cavalry and rules
au India C m a p a r A O N being in great request, and imported by “ Aithiopgs” who obtain them
hrough the “ Vlemnnton” (from the em e r a ld nX a e s of Upper Egypt) ; other people of India whose
kings have elephants, are “ Sinthou, Orrotha ” (Mahratta?), “ Kalliana” (Calicut) producing c o p p e r
ancl C h C a m i N Q HUAq {D a lb e r g ia ) , “ Siv6r,” and “ M a l i ” (Malabar) having five einporia from
w i n c h I S exported, “ Parti, Maggarbuth, Salopatana, Nalopatana, Pouthapatana; ” commerce
with all this part of India being carried on from Persia, the Homerites, and Adule. He further
n F n y 7 T , Prefi"Hng n £ Z S p UJ T a or a N 0 p a K a { r u b ie s ) , and l a C n i N o r A i e O N
n p a C I N 0 N { a q u a t f ia r u ie ?).
kin “ Sig l^ l i iv a ” (Ceylon) however, the principal emporium, and ruled by two hostile
s 0 / "to distnct producing U a KI N 6 0 N { s a p p h ir e s ? ) , of which one of extraordinary
size IS said to be kept in a temple ; and the other king holding the remainder of the island, including
I k I T I T T « 'ft’P'" "ft ft™'"’ ft®®"*’ "®fi Ethiopia. Among the e.xports. ari
fo nn 1V T C a N A a N a N; KOXAIOUC { p e a r l o y s te r s ) from “ Marallb” on the main land
F a" + 0 " ‘ ‘ ft® ‘ ft® >-iver near Tinnevelly is mentioned in the Raghu-vansa iv. p. ;o,
siat. vm. p. 330) ; a A O B a N A h N O N (compare n u tm e g s produced principally on Banda) from
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