; ;:i!=
“ 1772, March 22c! ” (Pall. iv. 134), i'a lk having commenced his return to St. Petersburg, and
Georgi remaining behind at Irkutzk, Pallas continuing his journey crossed Lake Baical on the foe on
the “ 23d,” and “ April 6th ” reached Kiakta. Leaving on the “ 9th,” he returned clown the Selenga
as far as Oudinsk, and on the “ 27th” proceeded Eastward, meeting with Lycopodium rupestris,anà
reached the waters of the Ingoda tributary of the Amour “ May 9th.” He now entered Daouria,
meeting with Myosotis nipesins, M. peciina/a. Cotyledon malacophyllum, Astragalus leptophyllus,
A . dalguricus, A . muricaius, Phaca salsula, Pedicularis flava, Spiraea thalictroides. P h lo x Siberica,
Sagittaria alpina. Ir is ventricosa, and turning back at Tchindantourouk, left Daouria “ June 12th.”
Continuing Westward, on the “ 20th’ ' he reached Selenginsk, and on the “ 25th” Kiakta, observing
on the Upper Selenga AJySira///« erectum, Anchusa saxatilis, Convolvulus rupestris. Astragalus polyphyllus,
‘A . oxyphyllus, A . laguroides, A . [Oxytropis) ampullatus, Artemisia pectinata, Pedicularis
striata, and returning reached Lake Baical “ July 7th.” From Irkutzk on the “ 22cl ” he continued
Westward, and “ Aug. i s t ” reached Krasnotarsk. Leaving on the “ 19th” for the Upper Yenisei, be
reached the waters of the. Abakan “ Sept 5th,” and on the “ 6th ” the frontier of Mongolia at Tasch-
typkaja Derevna: returning, meeting with X r r / a « / h e reached Krasnoi'arsk on the “ 23d.”
Sokolof, left behind in Daouria(Pall. trav. iv. 607), meeting with Phyllanthus ramiflorus, Pedicularis
myriophylla, P . spicata. Primula nivalis, Galega Daurica, and returning, joined Pallas at Krasnoi'arsk.
“ In this y e a r ” (Nicol.), Third partition of Poland.
“ In this year ” (Lindl. med. 408), Cinchona forests discovered by Mutis around the city of Santa
Fé de Bogota, the attention of Government directed to the fact, and specimens sent to Linnæus.—■
He continued to reside there and established a Botanical garden, published memoirs “ in 1784” and
“ 1792,” and died “ in 1809” (Spreng.). «
“ The same year ” (encyclop. meth., and Holmes), severe earthquake in Guatimala : destroying
the city of that name, with “ eight thousand families.”
“ Nov. 2d” (rec. Bost., and Holmes), on motion of Samuel Adams in town meeting at Boston, a
committee of twenty-one citizens appointed; To correspond with their brethren in the province, state
their grievances, and publish an account of their proceedings. — This committee of Correspondence
proved “ the basis of the subsequent union of the colonies.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Sparmann in Austral Africa on the arrival of Cook — on his Second
voyage, now accompanied by Forster.
“ In this y e a r ” (D ’avezac in rec. voy. et mem. iv), in the Pacific, a low island called by the
natives Topatuetota, in “ Lat. 17° 15' Long, 236° 2',” discovered by the captain of the Spanish frigate
Aguila ; also a low island called by the natives Eruo, in “ Lat. 17° 30' Long. 234° 15'.” — The first-
named island was visited by Cook in the following year and called by him Resolution.
“ In this year = beginning of the years an-yei ” (transl. Klapr. 239), Rinsifee, or Fajasi Sivei
holding an interview with a Japanese of Matsmaye, from whom he learned many particulars respecting
the Ainos of Yeso. — His work, containing besides an account of Corea and the Loo Choo Islands
and entitled San-kokf-tsoii-ran-to-sets, was published in “ 1785,” and has been translated by Klaproth
into French (Orient, transl. lond., and Siebold eluc. 'Vries p. 4).
The Ainos of Yeso are described in the San-kokf as unacquainted with writing, agriculture, the
use of money, and the art of procuring iron and copper from their mines ; do not capture whales,
and have an account of a sea-monster called “ okime ” large enough to swallow a whale (the kraken
of the Norwegians) ; have no knowledge of chronology, social laws, nor of the use of wealth, but
think only of eating and sleeping with their wives, are in the same condition as people were at the
beginning of the world, before thousands of years with religion and commerce gradually brought on
civilization: they do not voluntarily dwell with Japanese; all have a healthy aspect ; dip new-born
infants in the sea ; the men are occupied in hunting and fishing, and in general have great bodily
strength, the women cutting firewood and doing all the work of the household ; no one knows precisely
his own age; they make coarse cloth of fibrous plants and bark of trees, but embroider with
thread elegantly ; wear no covering on tlie head, and go barefoot even in frost and snow ; intermarry
witii their nearest relations, to keep the family distinct, and those possessing the means marry four
to eight wives, each one of whom has a separate house ; conceal in the mountains and set a Iiigh
value on sword-hilts ancl other antiquities inherited from their ancestors ; place their dead in a large
chest together with the utensils used by the deceased, and for special honour erect a post five feet
high and suspend his sabre, but never wear signs of mourning; their houses have but a single apartment,
in which the whole family sleep and eat together, there being no distinction of master and servant
; a cage containing an owl [S tr ix flammea) is often alongside, for the sake of feathers for their
arrows; they have an instrument of iron called “ kouwasaki,” or “ kwasaki,” consisting of a rin»
having two branches in the form of a swallow’s tail and a little bell suspended by a short chain from
each branch, regarded as sacred, used when making prayers and sacrifices for recovery from illness,
and in general kept concealed in the ground ; the people are very stupid, though maintaining an
1033
e.xcellent character; have neither king, princes, nor lords, but in each hamlet the most respectable
old man is the chief and has charge of public affairs.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Joh. Fr. Gmelin publishing his Stirp. Tubinsr. indisren.—
He died “ in 1802.” 1 » 6
“ In this year ” (Spreng,, and Winckl.), Joh. Jac. Reichard publishing his Flor. Moeno-Francof.
r t J h e publication was completed “ in 1778,” and he died “ in 1789.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh), G. Wolffg-Knorr publishing his Thesaur, rei. herb.
About this time ( “ Jan. 7th tS l l — near forty years,” lett. to Baldwin reliq. 15 to l8 l), after
returning from the University of Halle “ in 1770,” Henry Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania at the age of
nineteen turning his attention to Botany.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel), Schreber publishing the Second volume of his Gram., enumerating
Muhlenbergm diffusa n. 103 (Willd.), Brachyelytrum aristatum, Trichodium laxiflorum,—■ zom-
pleted “ in 1779 : ” the Third volume was issued “ in 1810,” the year in which he died.
“ 1773) March ” (Holmes), a committee of Correspondence appointed by the Virginia Legislature
: To extend communications beyond the province to the sister colonies. On the arrival of ships
laden with tea : at Charleston, the tea w;is stored where it could not be used ; at Philadelphia and
New York, the ships were sent back ; and at Boston, after vain attempts to send back the ships, persons
in disguise forced an entrance and threw the tea into the harbour.
“ April,” Wm. Bartram (according to his own account) leaving Philadelphia on his journey
South, as far as Florida, meeting with Kalmia hirsuta, Scutellaria serrata, S. canescens. Salvia
azurea, Calamiutha grandiflora, Sabbatia stellaris, S. calycosa, Ixia coelestina, Lycium Carolinianum
trav. 59, Azalea calendulacea p. 321, Oenothera grandiflora (Ph.), Clethra acuminata, Hydramrea
quercifolia, Chrysobalanus oblongifolius, Illicium parviflorum, Magnolia pyramidata, Gerardia ?
cuneijolia, Hibiscus incanus, Liatris graminifolia, L . heterophylla', L. gracilis, L . pauciflora, Acti-
nospermum angustifolium, Actinomeris alata. Coreopsis acuta, C. angusifotia, Rudbeckia discolor,
Helianthus radula, Berlandiera tomentosa, Myrica inodora, Asimina grandiflora and A . pygmaea,
both on the South side of the Alatamaha (B. r. 332); Mylocaryum ligustrinum near Savannah p. 3 1 ’;
Pinckneya pubens near Fort Barrington on the Darien road p. 16 with Gordonia pubescens (B. r.
333) ; Hypericum aureum ( “ frondosum ” of Mx., B. r. 107), Satureja? rigida (B. r. 28t).
“ April 2 i s t ” (trav, iv. 56), Pallas on his return from Siberia leaving Sarapoul for the South, to
observe the vernal plants between the Yaik and Lower Volga ; “ May 8tli,” he crossed the Samara,
continuing South along the Yaik, meeting with Cachrys odontalgica, Polyenemum sclerospermu!,
and on the “ 23d” reached Soundaef. Leaving the Yaik on the “ 24th,” and proceeding Southeast’,
he entered the Naryn Desert “ in 49°” on the “ 31st,” meeting with Spartium aphyllumjDelphiniuin
puniceum, Anabans monandra, Ornithogalum circinnatum, “ June 8 th ” came in sight of the
Volga, and on the “ n t h ” reached Astrakan; where he met Gmelin jun. preparing for his second
visit to Persia. Leaving on the “ i6th,” he returned along the Volga and on the “ 25th ” reached the
Moravian settlement of Sarepta, in existence “ eight years,” and “ tweiitv-two v e r s ts ” beyond at
Zarizyn passed the month of July. Leaving “ Aug. 4th ” he continued up the Volga as far as Saratof,
and returned to Zarizyn on the “ 28th,” to pass the winter.
Soujef among the Inderski mountains meeting with Molucella tuberosa, Plantago minuta. Bunias
Tartarica, Leontice vesicaria, and Amaryllis Tartarica, rejoining Pallas “ May 23d” at Soundaef.
“ The same y e a r ” (Pemberton ms., Morse geogr. i, 122, and Holmes), the settlement of Kentucky
commenced by Daniel Boon and family, with five other families, and forty men from Powell's
Valley. Said to be in violation of a government treaty with the aboriginals.
“ Between sixty and seventy y e a r s ” before our visit to the Pacific (Hale ethnogr. E.xpl. Exp.
p. 140), Temoe or Crescent Island, a coral-islet “ about thirty miles” Southeast of Mlingarerxi. t>eo-
pled by Mangarevan fugitives “ on rafts ; ” the drifting, it should be observed, being directlv aga’tust
the trade wind. — After many years. Catholic missionaries arrived at Mangareva : through whom the
fugitives were brought back to their homes.
“ In this year ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), after his Flor. Monsp. “ in 1765." Gou.tn pnblishin»
his Illustr. of rare plants growing on the Pyrenees, including Seseli elatum. " “
“ In tliis y e a r ’’ (Spreng., and W in ck l), Chr. Friis Rottboll publishing the thes.utrus Tranqueb.
of J. G. König. — Konig’s Scitamin. were published in Retz. Obs.; and he'died " in 178;.'’
“ In this year ’ (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Jacquin publishing hi.s Fior, .-\ustriac., enumerating
Arenaria fasciculata ii. pl. 1S2, Hieracium molle f f 119. — Completed, wiih his Hort. ^■indobon " in
1776.”
“ In this y e a r ’ (Spreng., and W in ck l), Tobias Konr. Hoppe publishing his Flor, Gera esculent.
“ 1774) towards tiie end of winter ” (Pall. v. 362). leaving P.iilis at Zarizvn on the Y'olga, Georgi
returning by the way of Kasan lo Moscow. — “ In tho toilowing y e a r " (Spreng., and W in ck l), he
published the travels of Falk and himself from Orenburg to Lake Baical and Daouria.
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