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“ The same y e a r ” (Wilmere edit. Champí, p. xii), under “ a privilege for ten years, at the charge
of forming a company for the colonization of Canada ” and “ propagation of the Roman Catholic religion
among the savages,” Chauvin and Du Pont Gravé, Protestants, arriving at Tadoussac on the St.
Lawrence at the mouth of the Saguenay. Du Pont Gravé desired to proceed farther, having traded
with the natives at “ Three Rivers ” in a previous voyage ; De Monts, a volunteer, was of the same
opinion ; but Cliauviii insisted on building a house at Tadoussac, and leaving behind “ sixteen men,”
sailed for France. The men suffered severely, and but for the compassion of the natives, would have
all perished. - Returning in the following year, Chauvin found few survivors, but left behind “ twenty
more men’' (Desmarquets) ; and on reaching France, died while fitting out an expedition on a larger
b a l s a m e a of Canada. A slender tree thirty feet high, called in our Northern S tates / ;-
(Slafter) or b a l s a m f i r (A. Gray) ; and the “ fir ” seen by Chauvin at Tadoussac — (Champí.), may be
compared: the “ firre” is mentioned by various early visitors to Newfoundland and Northern New
En»land : A. balsamea is described by H. Marshall 102 ; was received by Collins from Labrador ; was
observed by Lapylaie from 51° on Newfoundland ; by F. A. Michaux-, in Nova Scotia and Canada ; by
mvself, from Canada to 43“ 30' on the Atlantic near Portland ; by Long’s Expedition, at 49° on Lake
Superior ; by Drummond, on the Saskatchewan near the Rocky mountains ; and yields “ the oleo-resin
c a W d C a n a d a b a l s a m " ( L m d l ) .
A b i e s a l b a of Subarctic America. The w h i t e s p r u c e , a tree seventy feet or more high, with
slender tapering cones twice as long as those of A. nigra; included perhaps in the “ f ir ” seen by
Chauvin at Tadoussac — (Champí.) : was observed by Richardson in Arctic America, along the Coppermine
; by Herzberg at 57° 20' in Labrador (Meyer) ; by Lapylaie, from 51° on Newfoundland ; by
F. A. Michaux, from 49° in Canada to Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia ; by myseif, not
South of 46“ ; by Long’s Expedition ii. 8i, at 50° on Lake Winnipeg ; by Drummond, on the Saskatchewan
near the Rocky mountains. , . , , . , _
“ In this y e a r ” ffilapr. chrest. p. ix )by the Chinese emperor Thai-tsou, Erdeni-baksi and Gagat-
dchar»outsi sent to instruct the Mandchous in the art of writing. The alphabet selected was that of
the M“on»ols, derived from the Ouigours of Central Asia, and ultimately from the Syriac. — Since the
conquest"of China in “ 1644,” Mandchou literature has been enriched by a great number of works,
chiefly translations from the Chinese, , . , •
“ In this v ea r” (Spreng), Ferrandus Imperati, a friend of Columna and Clusius, publishing his
Hist N a t, enumerating V a l e r i a n a I t a l i c a 869, P h y t e u m a p i n n a t a 882, T e l e p h i u m I m h e r a t i 872,
E u p h o r b i a M a u r i t a t i i c a 876, C i c h o r i u m s p i n o s u m 88, P a r m e l i a f u c i f o r m i s 850, F u c u s l u m b n c a h s
842, F u c u s p l o c a m i u m 844, and “ cava ” 858 U l v a i n t e s t i n a l i s .
Z a p a n i a n o d i f l o r a of Tropical America. A diminutive Verbenaceous herb, transported to Europe,
described by Ferrandus Imperati 8 8 9 - (Spreng.), C. Bauhin, and Barrelier pl. 855; known to occur
in Soutliern Italy ( . . . . ) ; observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in two localities in the Peloponnesus
and in one on Crete; by For.skal, and Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt : by myself
in Upper E»ypt, seemingly wild on the river-flat; by Forskal, on the mountains of Yemen, but as in
the preceding instances, no native names given. Westward from America, may have been earned by
European colonists across the Pacific to the Philippines, observed by Blanco frequent, though not
universally known to the natives, called in Tagalo “ chachachachahan ” and made into a kind of tea ;
to Hindustan, where it has acquired Sanscrit names (A. Dec.), was observed by Burmann md. pl. 6,
by Rheede x. pl. 47 in Malabar, by Graham “ common all over Bombay, creeping among the grass.
In its wild state, is known to grow from Cuba near Havana (Kunth) throughout Iropical and Austral.
A m e r i c a as f a r as Buenos Ayres (Schauer, and A. Dec.). . , .
“ 1600 A. D.” (Humb. cosm. ii.), sudden appearance of a star of more than the first magnitude in
the constellation Cygnus. — After continuing visible “ twenty-one years,” the star disappeared.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Schwenkfeld publi.shing his Stirp. Siles., enumerating
L i s u s t i c u m A u s t r i a c u m 60, and S e d u m s a x a t i l e 195. ■ , , ,
“ in this y e a r ” (Churchill coll.), “ by patent from queen Elizabeth,” a company of merchant-
adventurers ” authorized to trade in the East Indies. An association better known as the English
East India company. 1, 1
“ The same y e a r ” (Churchill coll.), in “ sailing from Peru for the Philippine Islands, a squrt-
ron of “ four ships ” driven South of the Equator among “ several rich countries and islands not far
from the isles of Solomon ;” the name “ Monte de P la ta ” being in one instance b e s t o w e d . - “ A
captain of note went out on purpose and saw these discoveries ; ” and two petitions to the king ot
Spain from captain Peter Fernandez de Ouiros, on the extent “ of the continent and great value ot the
islands, which he speaks of as an eye-witness,” are preserved by Purchas iv. p. 1432.
“ In this y e a r ” (Juss., and Markham 206), the healing powers of P e n i v i a n b a r k first made
known to Europeans, a jesuit not far from Loxa having been cured of a fever: — “ in 1638,” specimens
II
ofthe bark were sent by Francisco Lopez Cañizares to the conde de Chinchón, viceroy of Peru, and
hence the name c h i c h o n a . The bark soon became extensively known, the most approved kinds being
exported from Lima. Among more than twenty species enumerated by Lindley, C . m i c r a n l h a furnishes
“ silver, grey, or Huanuco b a r k ; ” C . l a n c e o l a t a , most of the “ yellow bark,” a portion being
contributed by C . h i r s u t a and C . n i t i d a ; C . m a g n i f o l i a furnishes “ cinchona n o v a ; ” C. p u r p u r e a ,
“ Huamalies bark ; ” and there are various exported kinds whose origin has not been traced.
C i n c h o n a C o n d a m in e a of the Western slope of the Peruvian Andes. Probably the kind employed
in the case of the jesuit : — presumed by Lindley to be the “ cascarilla chauharguera ” said by Ruiz
to be that sent to the conde de Chincon : termed “ quinaquina” in a description sent by Condamine,
and published in act. par. 1738 : C. Condaminea according to Humboldt and Bonpland i. pl. 10 grows
near Loxa, also near Guancabamba and Ayavaca in Peru, always on micaceous schist, and at the elevation
of “ 5700 to 7500 feet.” Its imported bark is called in commerce “ p a l e c r o w n o r L o x a b a r k "
(Lindi.).
One hundred and seventy-seventh generation. Jan. ist, 1601, onward mostly beyond youth : the
Greek writer Nicolaus son of Demetrius d. 1625: Brenning: cardinal Baronins; Henrico Catharino
Davila; Justus Lipsius ; Stephen Pasquier ; Mariana; Scevole de St. Marthe; cardinal Perron;
Isaac Casaubon ; president de Thou; Henry Saville; William Camden; Francis Bacon; Paul Sarpi;
Gruterus ; Malherbe ; Marini ; Papirius Masso ; Boccalini ; Helvicus ; Andrew du Chesne ; John
Barclay ; Robert Cotton : the Spanish writers, Cervantes, and Lopez de Vega : the English dramatists,
Shakespear, and Ben Jonson : the botanists, Josephus de Aromatariis, Petr. Paawius, Anton.
Donati, Gasp. Pilletier, Lauremberg, Io. Stephan. Strobelberger, Io. Fischartus : the painters, Ludovico
Caiacci d. 1619, and Annibale Caracci d. 1609.
“ January = twelfth lunation of the thirty-eighth year of the c y c le ” (Semedo, and Pautli. 411),
arrival at the Chinese court of the first Jesuit missionary, P. Matthæus Riccius or Ricci. In the
“ winter of the 29th year wen-li ” (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 474), first arrival of the English in
China; at Macao, in two or three large ships. They wore red garments, were tail, with red hair and
deeply sunk blue eyes, and feet fourteen inches long; and frightened the people by their strange
aspect. They came saying, “ We are not pirates but bring tribute : ” but having never before made
foeir appearance, and bringing no letter, a reception was refused by the commandant; the captain was
imprisoned by the officer of customs for a month, and then released.
“ The same y e a r ” (Alst. p. 313, Grot, ann., and Holmes), arrival home in Holland of Olivarius
or Oliver Van Noort, completing the Fourth circumnavigation of the Globe.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Clusius publi.shing his Hist. rar. plant,, enumerating
I r i s M a u r i t a n i c a , H y a c i n t h u s s e r o t i n u s , C e n t a u r e a c r u c æ f o l i a , P a r o n y c h i a H i s p á n i c a ii. 183, M e l i c a
n u t a n s 2. 219, V e r o n i c a s p u r i a i. 347, V . a l p i n a I . 350, V . a p h y l l a i. 350, V . d e n t a t a t . z f F e d i a c o r -
n u c o p i a e 2, 54, I r l i v a r i e g a t a I . 221, /. s u s i a n a 217, /. a p h y l l a 223, /. l u t e s c e n s i. 227, /. s p u r i a i. 228,
I . p u m i l a 225, S c a b i o s a ( T r i c h e r a ) s y l v a t i c a 2. 2, G a l i u m r u b r u m 2. 175, C r u c i a n e l l a l a t i f o l i a 2. 177,
C y n o g l o s s u m c h e i r i f o l i u m 2, 162, S o l d a n e l l a a l p i n a i. 309, L y s im a c h i a ( N a u m b u r g i a ) t h y r s i f l o r a 2!
53, L . p u n c t a t a 52, E u o n y m u s v e r r u c o s u s 57, V i o l a p i n n a t a I . 309, E r y n g i u m p i i s i l l u m 2. 158, N a r c
i s s u s m i n o r l. 165, N . b u lb o c o d i u m i. 166, N . m o s c h a t u s i. i 56, A l l i u m o l e r a c e u m 194, S c i l l a I t a l i c a
I . 1S4, S . M o r i s o n i 182 (“ S. peruv.” ), S', v e r n a 188, A s p h o d e l u s a l b u s 197, “ comosus byzantinus ”
180 H y a c i n t h u s c U i a t u s , E r i c a p u r p u r a s c e n s i. 43, D i a n t h u s c a e s i u s i. 282, S e d u m a n a c a m p s e r o s 2.
67, S', c o l l i n u m 2. 60, S', v i r e s c e n s 2. 60, R e s e d a p u r p u r a s c e n s i. 295, S p i r a e a s a l i c i f o l i a i. 84, H e l i a
n t h e m u m O e l a n d i c u m 73, H . u m b e l l a t u m i. 81, C i s t u s p o p u l i f o i i u s 78, I l l i c i u m P h i l i p p i n à r u m 2.
2 0 2 , D e l p h i n i u m a m b ig u u m 2 . 2 0 6 , D . i n t e n , t e d i u m 2. 94, R h i z o b o l u s b u t y r o s u s i. 8, R a n u n c u l u s
d e n d r o n app. 253, A n t h y l l i s c y t i s o id e s 96, A . e r i n a c e a 107, V i c ia p i s i f o r m i s 2. 229, C o r o n i l l a g l a u c a
97, C . c o r o n a t a 98, T r i f o l i u m a l p e s t i 'e 245, L o t u s t e t r a g o n o l o b u s 2 . 244, H y p e r i c u m B a l e a r i c u m i. 68,
A p a r g i a i n c a n a 2 . 141, S a u s s u r e a d i s c o l o r 2 . 151, C a r d u u s d e f l o r a t u s 2. 149, S e r r a t u l a s im p l e x 150’
C a r l i n a r a c em o s a 2. 157, C a r t h a m u s c o c r u l e u s 2 . 152, S e n e c i o a b r o t a n i f o l i u s 334, C i n e r a r i a a l p i n a 2 .
23, S e n e c i o d o r o n i c u m 2. 17, I n u l a e n s i f o l i a 15, C h r y s a n t h e m u m a l p i n u m i. 335, A c h i l l e a t a n a c e t i f
o l i a 331, B u p h t h a lm u m s a l i c i f o l i i im 2 . 13, C e n t a u r e a a l b a 9, C o r a l l o r h i z a L i n n a e i 2 . 120, A r i s t o l
o c h i a g l a u c a 2. 71, Q u e r c u s A u s t r i a c a 20. C o r y l u s t u b u l o s a I. 11, P o l y p o d i u m c a l c a r e u m 2 . 2 \ 2 .
B o t r y c h i u m r u t a c e u m 3. 119, F u c u s v e s i c u l o s u s i. 2i, P e z i z a a u r i c u l a 2. 276, and M e r u l i u s lo b a -
t u s 294.
E r y s im u m O r i e n t a l e of the mountains of middle Europe. Described by Clusius hist. ii. 127, —
and C. Bauhin pin. 112; termed “ brassica orientalis perfoliata flore albo siliqua quadr.rngula ” by
Tournefort cor. 16, “ b. orientalis” by Linnæus, “ erysimum perfoliatum ” by Crantz. " e, gTaucum ”
by Moench (Steud.), and known to grow from Montpelier to Thuringia and Austria (Jacq. austr pl.
116
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