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T C f f " Z T f f Z T t i T ' - ' ' ' Z ta « “" '" " S .ta..b colled CT inrll R • OT « 1 ^ fo h am ), m Bengalee and Sanscrit “ krishna-choora,” in I.T a.1m, . u.ln “. ik,nom.or i .1”
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7 h !ij/7 7 7 l" e ? ir 7 -!ial'' £ 7 ° ' ""'P"®;-®™®®"®« ^iowers ; ” wtes7 L e r 7 7 7 a7 o7 n‘' 7
OT } a S i l ’”7 r ‘ a a7 7 o ’ " alibanban,” in Bisaya “ alibanban ” I “ bahbanban ”
„ o u n t Melhan in Yemen and calied “ athbir ” or ” tummar ” or “ t e n / Í b i g Y ^ ^ r : . !
I T l t T l t f T A E N .L °£W te‘"® “ - ™ - s ” cultivated in Japan for its flo w e rs,-
to Europe, by Hermann lugd. pl. 163 (Pers.). "« L-foP‘®>- -"q- +■ ss. And as tran,sported
“ 857 A. D .” (A lst), at Rome, Benedictus III. elected fortieth archbishop.
“ The same year” (N icol.), Ethelwulf succeeded by Ethelbald II., third Anglo-Saxon king of
England.
Oxa and Dun, whose prescriptions are quoted in the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 47 and ii. 65
(Cockayne), as early possibly as this date.
“ 858 A. D .” (A lst., and N icol.), at Rome, Benedictus III. succeeded by Nicolaus, forty-first
archbishop.
Conium maculatum of Northern Asia. Called in Britain hemlock, by Gerarde “ homlock ”
(Prior), in France “ cigu ë” (N ugent), in Germany “ gefleckter schierling,” in Italy “ cicuta” (Lenz),
in Albanian “ kirkouta,” in Wallachian “ maggoutha” (Fraas), in Greece “ vrômôhôrtôn” (Sibth.) ;
and probably the C I C U 72.6 of Macer Floridus 65, — and “ hemlice ” or “ hymlican ” of the Anglo-
Saxon leechbook i. i to 58, and Lacnunga : C. maculatum is termed “ conium maculatum” by Hildegarde
ii. 85, “ cicuta major” by Tournefort inst. 306; was observed by Gussone near Naples, by
Lenz frequent in Italy ; and is known to occur in waste places throughout middle Europe as far as
Britain (Jacq. austr. pl. 156, Curt. lond. i. pl. 17, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp,
Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent among rubbish from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; by Pallas
trav.. . ., wild in East Siberia. Farther East, possibly carried from Asia to America, as it was found
by R. Brown the younger used medicinally by the tribes of Northwest America, the infusion in diarrhoea:
continues springing up around dwellings, in Northeast America, and in Austral America was
observed by A. Saint-Hilaire in the streets of Porto Alegre (A . D ec.). Clearly by European colonists
was carried to the Mauritius Islands, observed under cultivation by Bojer. The plant seems
to have been retained in medicinal use partly on account of its supposed identity with the Greek
“ kônëiôn.” (See Oenanthe proliféra.)
Sedum acre of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain stone-crop or w all-
pepper (Prior), in Germany “ mauerpfeffer,” in Italy “ borracino ” or “ semprevivo minimo ” (Lenz) ;
and the lesser i.C I d U L Nm called S 6 m p e r V I V A ITI of Macer Floridus 18 — may be compared : S.
acre is termed “ s. parvum acre flore lu teo” by Tournefort inst. 263 ; was observed by Sibthorp on
rocks in Crete ; by Lenz, frequent in Italy ; is known to grow also in France and throughout middle
Europe as far as Britain (Pers., Lam. fl. fr., and Curt. lond. i. pl. 32). By European colonists, wa.s
carried to Northeast America, where it is “ cultivated for edgings,” and “ has become spontaneous in
a few places near B oston” (A. Gray). Is enumerated by Lindley among plants in medicinal use, the
“ leaves acrid.”
Veronica chamædrys of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain speedwell
from its blossoms flying away as soon as it is gathered, or originally forget-me-not, in Denmark
“ forglemn-mig-icke,” mentioned by Macer . . . , — and in the Ortus Sanitatis. . . , and a flower called
“ soveigne vous de moy ” woven in collars of knights was the subject of a famous joust between
France and England “ in 1465 ” (Prior) : V. chamædrys is described also by Brunfels i. 125, Gesner,
and C. Bauhin pin. . . . (Spreng.) ; is termed “ v. minor foliis imis rotundioribus” by Tournefort
inst. 144 ; is known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. 448, and P ers.) ; and
was observed by Sibthorp from tlie Peloponnesus to Constantinople.
Hyssopus officinalis of middle Asia. Called in Britain hyssop (Lindl.), in Italy “ isop o” (Lenz),
in which we recognize the h y S S O p u m of Macer Floridus 45, — referred here by Baudet, and the
“ ysopuin” whose leaves and flowers are prescribed in the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. i. 17: H. officinalis
is described by Tragus pl. 18, Cæsalpinus xi. 50 (Spreng.), Stapel pl. 727, and Tournefort; is
known to occur under cultivation in Italy (Lenz), also cultivated and naturalized throughout middle
Europe (Jacq. austr. pl. 254, and Pers.), and naturalized in a single long-known locality in Britain
(Bromf., and A. D ec.). Eastward, is known lo grow in the Tauro-Caspian countries (B ieb.), and as
far as Central Asia (Lindl.) ; but according to Ciot-Bey, has only recently been introduced into
Egypt. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation,
and according lo A. Gray has “ escaped from gardens ” to “ roadsides, Michigan etc. ; ” was also
carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it rarely flowers (B oj.). The plant according to Lindley is
“a stimulating stomachic.”
Costus speciosns of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A very elegant Scitamineous plant with
velvety leaves and large pure-white flowers, in Plindustanee and Bengalee called “ keeo,” in Telinga
“ bonima kacliica ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ k eoo” or “ k oot” or “ kemooka” or “ vang-
cliowrah” (Graliam) ; and one of the two kinds of imported CO ST U S enumerated by Macer Flori-
dus 74 — is referred iiere by Baudet. Eastward, the “ kemuka ” or kusht'ha ” is prescribed medicinaily
by Susrutas sutr. 46 and nid. 13 to chik. 25 ; and the conspicuous "bhasouras ” of Harivansa 220 is
referred here by Langlois: C. speciosus is termed “ herba spiralis hirsuta” by Rumphius vi. pl. 64;
was observed by Rheede xi. pl 8 in Malabar; by Graham, comnion ‘•througliout the hilly wooded
parts of the Concan; ” by Ainslie, Retz, Ro.xburgh, and Drury, as far as Coromandel and Bengal, the
80
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