Iii!
-
Nineteenth generation. May 1st, 3667, among living men :
3660 B. C. ( = 3661 in cale'ndar years = 3641 -)- “ 20 ” of both Maneth. tables), Ouënëphës
succeeded by his son Ousaphaithos or Ousaphaës, fifth king of Egypt. The name of king
Hesep has been found on subsequent monuments, and “ some religious and medical works
X- are referred to the period of his reign ” (Birch).
3649 B. C. ( = 3584 + “ 65 years ” ot Gen. v. 21, and Josephus a. J. i. 3. 4.), Enoch.
3640 B. C. ( = 3641 in calendar years = 3615 -J- “ 26 ” of both Maneth. tables), Ousaphaithos
succeeded by his son Miëvithôs or Niëvaës, sixth king of Egypt. In Eratosthenes’ list
he is called “ Thiavaës ” — with only “ nineteen” years assigned to his reign. The name of
king “ Imhotep” occurs at Hamamat, also the names of two of his sons (Leps. d. ii. pl. 115
and k. pl. 6).
Twentieth generation. Sept. ist, 3634, among living men ;
3614 B. C. ( = 3615 in calendar years = 3597 -|- “ 18 ” of both Maneth. tables), Miëvithôs
succeeded by his son Sëmëmpsës, seventh king of Egypt. In Eratostlienes’ list, he is called
“ Pëmphôs ” — with “ eighteen ” years assigned to his reign.
“ In the reign of Sëmëmpsës ” (Maneth.), many signs or prodigies, and a great pestilence.
Twenty-first generation. Jan. ist, 3600, among living men :
3596 B. C. (=G 3597 in calendar years = ; 3571 J “ 26 ” of both Maneth. tables), Sëmëmpsës
succeeded by his son Viënëhës or Ouviënthës, eighth king of Egypt.
3584 B. C. ( = 2615 + “ 969 years ” of Gen. v. 27 = “ 187 -f- 182 -)- 600 years ” of Gen.
V. 25 to 28 and vii. 6), Methuselah.
3570 B. C. ( = 3571 in calendar years = 3533 -|- “ 38 ” = 3055 - f “ 214 + 302 ” of the Afr.-
Maneth. table), Viënëhës succeeded by Vôëthôs or Vôhos, head of a new dynasty ; also a
Thinite dynasty.
A tomb of the squared soft stone of Lower Egypt, discovered between Abusir and Saccara
V - « by Lepsius, is regarded as the oldest inscribed monument known ; tlie archaic form of many
of file hieroglyphic characters implies a date hardly later than that last-named. The locality — was
pointed out to me in Egypt, and the removed tomb was examined by myself in the museum at Berlin.
Among the inscribed hieroglyphic characters are numerals (Leps. d. ii. pl. 3), implying knowledge
more or less advanced of arithmetic.
Also trees (Leps. d, ii. pi. 7) ; of course introduced into Egypt and maintained by cultivation.
Figures also of a man and w'oman, corresponding to Adam and Eve, (the Egyptians,
as appears by the above-given coinci p f , dence in date, believing in Adam).
Apart from the hieroglyphic inscription, tribute or presents are brought by men of the Barabra
or Ethiopian race; already in contact with and a distinct nation from the Egyptians : — : Nubians are
unequivocally figured at Gizeh under the Fourth dynasty, and at Benihassan under the Twelfth (Leps.
d. ii. pl. 4, 19, and Champ, mon. pl. 395).
That the strangers are really Nubians, appears from the head-rest or neck-pillow \ J in the hand
of one of them: — the Nubian neck-pillow makes its appearance as a hieroglyphic 41 character
under the Fourtli dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 98); was doubtless as among Nubians to the present day
made of wood.
The practice among the Egyptians of animal saciifices is also demonstrated ; the offerings
including the head of the oryx, and the liead and neck of the above-mentioned large species of
crane.A
n ambiguous figure (Leps. d. ii. pl. 5), imperfectly preserved on the original tomb examined by
myself, is possibly intended for the pig, — and a similar figure occurs under Ptolemy V I I . (Leps. d.
iv . pl. 26). ] -looked in vain for distinct figures of the pig at Gizeli and Benihassan, and was unable
while in Egypt to discover any prior to tliose at El Kab under the Seventeenth dynasty.
Twenty-second generation. May 1st, 3567, among living men :
“ In the reign of V ô ëthô s” (Maneth.), a cha.sm opened at Bubastis and many persons perished.
The city of Bubastis therefore in existence: situated in Lower Egypt, — and at the present day
called “ Tel-Bustak.” i Twenty-third generation. Sept. ist, 3534, among living men :
3532 B. C. ( = 3533 in calendar years = 3494 -|- “ 39” oi the Afr.-Maneth. table), Vôëthôs
succeeded by Kaiëhôs or Hôôs, second king of the Second dynasty. The name of king
K a k a— occurs in tombs at Gizeh ; and in the “ Twenty-sixth ” he is placed before Horakau
(Leps. d. ii. pl. . . ).
“ In the reign of Kaiëhôs ” (Maneth.), deification of the bulls, Apis at Memphis and Mnevis at
Heliopolis, and of the Mendesian goat. A polytheistic system of mythology therefore in existence ;
and if not already established, animal-worship \m.\xg\v!ated. — The Egyptians do not appear to have
at any time become worshippers of images made with hands ; yet the Idolatry of otlier nations, is
I ,
perhaps a result of hieroglyphic writing. On the Egyptian monuments, figures of^ gods apart from
hieroMypbic writing, occur under the Fourth dyn a sty ; but continue rare until the Sixth.
The city of Heliopolis, therefore in existence : — Heliopolis is mentioned under the name of
“ A w n ” or On in Gen. xii. 45 to xlvi. 20, and Ezek. xxx. 4 7 ; “ Byd-shmsh ” or Beth-shemesh, in
lerem. xliii. 13 ; and to the present day, its well known site is called “ Ain-foems.
The city of Mendes, also in existence ; situated in Lower Egypt : — ruins, supposed to be those
of Mendes, occur near the village of “ Achman-tanah ” (Champoll. Eg . ii. p. 122).
Twenty-fourth generation. Jan. ist, 3500, among living men : , , x -x, x
3493 B. C. ( = 3494 in calendar years = 3447 + “ 47 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), KaiShós
succeeded by Vinbthris or Viophis, third king of the Second dynasty.
“ Under Vinóthris ” (Maneth.), an enactment, permitting females to ascend the throne.
Twenty-fifth generation. May ist, 3467, among living men : x , ■
3446 B. C. ( = 3447 in calendar years = 343° J - “ 17 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Vmbthris
succeeded by Tlas, fourth king of the Second dynasty. — The name of Th-lh-15s has been
found on the monuments by Lepsius k. pl. 7, with evidence that he preceded the Tenth
_ Atfas, son of Lvbia ” (according to Pliny ii. 6 and vii. 57), founded “ astrologiam ” astronomy
: and ascertained “ sphaeram ipsam,” that the earth is spherical in shape — Horapollo 1. 10 speaks
of the ball rolled by tiie scarabasus as having the form of the world. (See Prometheus.)
Twenty-sixth generation. Sept. is t, 3434, among living men : „ , , «
3429 B. C. ( = 3430 in calendar years = 3389 + “ 4i ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Tlas
succeeded by SÉthénés, fifth king of the Second-dynasty. No contemporaneous monuments
are known. — The name of king “ Sent ” has been found on later monuments by Lepsius k.
pl. j with evidence that he preceded the Tenth dynasty.
Twenty-seventh generation. Jan. ist, 3400, among living men :
x • 3397 B . C . ( = 3584— “ 187 years ” of Gen. V. 25), Lamech. ^ ^ ^
Part of the tomb of a prophet attached to the personal adoration of king Sent is now m the
Ashmolean Library at Oxford; and “ in style, character, and treatment,” “ does not differ in
any essential particular ” but “ closely resembles similar sculptures of the period of the t ourth
l388^B. C. (= 1 3 8 9 in calendar years = 3372 -1- “ 17 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Séthénés
succeeded by Haires, sixth king of the Second dynasty. ^ .
3371 B. C. ( = 3372 in calendar years = 3347 + “ 25 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Haires
succeeded by Néplforhéres, seventh king of the Second dynasty.
Twenty-eighth generation. Ma y ist, 3367, among living men :
“ In the reign of Néphérhérgs, as is fabled, the Nile flowed mixed with honey eleven days (Maneth).
The pyraniid of Meydoum is referred by Birch to about this period. „
Í L R 3 C. ( = 3347 in calendar years = 3299 + “ 48 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Ngphjr-
heres succeeded by Sésóhris, eighth king of the Second dynasty ; described as m “ height five
cubits by three palms.” — The name of Neferka-Sekar occurs in the Turin papyrus (Birch),
that of Neferseka in the Tablet of Abydos, and that of Nefer-sekra m the chamber of kings at
Karnak (Leps. k. pl. to and i i ) .
Twenty-ninth generation. Sept. ist, 3 3 3 4 , among living men :
Thirtieth generation. Jan. ist, 3300, among living men : , , , cx xi •
3298 B. C. ( = 3299 in calendar years = 3269 + “ 30” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Sésóbns
succeeded by Héníres, ninth king of the Second dynasty. — The name of king Ka-en-ra occurs
in the Tablet of Abydos ; and in a dynasty anterior at least to the lenth (see- also Leps. k.
pl. 7). Two princes, a son and grandson bearing the name of “ Raenkau,” are given by Lepsius
k. pl. 7 as having lived before the end of the Third dynasty.
3284 B. C. ( = 3649 - “ 65 - 300 ^ 36s yto ” of Gen. v. 21 to 24). “ and walked E n ^ h with
God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years ” . . . . “ and lie not, for took fom God.
3268 B C . ( = 3269 in calendar years = 3 2 4 1 -1- “ 28 ” = 3055- f 214 of the Afr.-Maneth.
table, the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving 3902— “ 252 - 297 3353 and 2498 J - “ 203-J-
4x8 -4- 198” = 3347), HSnéres succeeded by NShéróphes or Néhéróhis, head of a new dy-
nasty ; a Memphite dynasty. The name of king Nebka, or possibly Nebka-ra (see Leps. k.
pl 7 and d ii. pl. 39), occurs on a contemporaneous stone fragment at Abusir.
The'bieroglyphic character ZÍ occurs on the same stone fragment: and according to Horapollo
the quarter of an “ ardura” or Egyptian acre signifies the instituted year ; on account « the
fourth year intercalation. The so-called “ Julian y e a r ” used therefore at this early date m E p 0 .
The character occurs besides under the Fourth dynasty at G iz e h , - a n d continues in use until the
end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pl. 19 and 39, and k. pl. 12 to 67).
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