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The Avadana Asoka written liardiy later than this date. Tlie end of the Maurya dynasty is
mentioned, and it contains legends « — quoted by Fa-hian (Burn. i. 358 to 423).
“ 380 A. D .” (Marcellin., and Clint.), by Theodosius, the Arians expelled from the Churches,
held by them nearly “ forty” years. “ Nov. 26th,” he appointed the younger Gregorius of Nazianzu.s
bishop of Constantinople : and in “ December,” he restored Cyrillus as bishop of Jerusalem, after
having been four limes expelled.
“ 381 A. D .” (Idat., and Clint.), death of Athanaric king of the Goths.
“ May ’’ (Socrat. and Clint ), Second general Council of ecclesiastics. Convened by Theodosius
at Constantinople: and consisting of “ one hundred and fifty” bishops, including Timotheus of
Alexandria, Gregorius ot N yssa (a “ married bishop,” Alst. p. 368), Amphilochius, Pelagius of Laodicea,
Diodorus of Tarsus, and Gelasius of Caesarea in Palestine. The doctrine of the Council of
Nice was confirmed : ancl a Creed formed (the so-called “ Nicene Creed ” of the English Articles,
except that “ a single expression is omitted, which in the English Liturgy is added ”). Maximus thè
cynic was adjudged not to be a bishop. Patriarchal bishops were instituted, each confined to his own
diocese : and after declaring Constantinople next in dignity to the diocese of Rome, “ as being New
Rome,” the younger Gregorius of Nazianzus resigned, and in his place Nectarius of Tarsus was
elected “ bishop of Constantinople.” — The authority of this Council continues to be recognized by the Greek church (E . A. Soph.).
Meletius dying while attending the Council was succeeded under the approval of the Asiatic
churches by Flavianus, now bishop of Antioch. Flavianus changed the words of the doxology from
“ thoxa patri thi’ uiou én agio pnéumati ” glory to the father by means of the son in holy spirit, and
“ thoxa patri én uiò kai agió pnéumati ” glory to the father in the son and holy spirit, to “ thóxa patri
kai uió kai agió pnéumati ” glory to the father and son .and holy spirit (Philostorg., and E. A. Soph,
lex.). Acting in conjunction with Diodorus, he also “ first introduced the practice of the alternate
singing or chanting of the psalms, and the division of the choir into parts ” — “ which afterwards
became universal in the church ” (Sm. b. d.).
“ 382 A. D .” (Idat., and Clint.), dissatisfied with their treaty of peace with the Romans, the Goths elect Alarle as their king.
3S3, August (Marcellin., and Clint.), death of Gratian ; and through the support of Theodosius,
iVna Blernittianinia na n1d1 ,G aacukln. owledged fqrty-ninth Roman emperor. Maximus however maintaining himself
king “o Tf hPee rssaiam. e year ” (Agath., and C lint), Artaxerxes V. succeeded by Sapor III., tenth Sasanid
Rom“e.384 A. D .” (Prosp., and Clint.), Damasus succeeded by Siridus, “ thirty-sixth” bishop of
In this 3 ear (as appears from Libanius), the Destruction o f temples not yet commenced. — Soon
however, orders from Theodosius were directed against particular temples ; and these were demolished
by soldiers, aided by bands of fanatics.
385 A. D. ( = “ 310 an. jav. = 290 - f 20 years ” of Nata Kasuma, Raffles ix. and x.), at Giling Wesi
in Java, Raden Sawela succeeded by Gutama. Who removed the seat of government to Astiba, his
successor Dasa Bahu of Hindu descent being “ ten years of age.” — A temple or mosque at Kediri is
called “ Astapa Gedong,” and “ great expense and labour has been bestowed to demolish ” and mutilate
the surrounding antiquities.
In this year” (cod. Justin., and Clint.), edict against augury, and the practice of examining the liver of victims to learn futurity.
‘ August ’ (Hieronym., Clint., and T. Wright), sailing of Hieronymus from Italy. Landing on
Cyprus, he with his companions was received by Epiphanius. Proceeding next to Antioch, he
enjoyed the society of “ pontificis confessorisque Paulini — and reached Jerusalem in mid winter,
* Nauclea cadamba of the Siamese countries. A large tree called in Sanscrit “ kadamba,” in
Telinga “ kadapa-chettu ” (J. F. Wats.) or “ rudrashakamba,” in Tamil “ velia cadamba,” in Hindustanee
“ cuddum,” in Bengalee “ kiidum” (Drur), in the environs of Bombay “ nhew ” or “ cadamba”
or ‘'cuddam” (Graham), in Assam “ kadam” (Robinson), in Burmah “ ma-oo ” (Mason) ; in which we
recognize the ‘-kadamba,” the “ holiest of Indian trees” and third “ shadow-giving” tree on the
mythological mount Meru, mentioned besides in the Avadana Asoka — (Burn. i. 397) and by Vaimiki
V . 74 (transl. Gorr,), Bhavabhuti 7, Jayadeva, Kalidasa kum. iii. 68, Susrutas, and in the Visliiui
purana ii. 2: N. cadamba was observed by Rheede iii. pl. 33 in Malabar; by Graham, “ common
about villages in the Southern Concan,” its fruit “ about the size of a small orange” eaten by the
natives; by Roxburgh, and Robinson, as far as Bengal and Assam, but is regarded by Wight as not
a native of the peninsula ; was observed by Mason “ sometimes cultivated ” among the Burmese.
m :
where he saw Christian pilgrims from India (Coq.-Montbret in rec. voy. et mem. 27). H e next
proceeded to Egypt, and visited “ the hermits of the Thebaid ; ” at this time regarded in the regular
routine of “ the Pilgrimage.”
The perfume M V S C V S mentioned by Hieronymus— (A insw .), by the Armenian writer
Moses Chorinensis 365 (Spreng.), and by Aelius (Greenhill). Moschus moschiferus, the deer-like
animal yielding this perfume, is described by Cosmas Indicopleustes xi. p. lo i, Abu Hanifa (in
Serapion) ; and by Benjamin de Tudela as inhabiting Thibet, its well-known native home. The
imported perfume is mentioned by Ebn Masawia, Honain, and Symeon Sethus ; and its sale in Egypt,
by Leo Africanus.
Soon after the departure of Hieronymus (Clint., and T. Wright),Paula followed : and landing at
Sidon, “ visited the tower of Elijah.” Approaching Jerusalem, she passed the tomb of “ Helena
queen of Adiabene ; ” and after reaching the city, went to the church of the Holy Sepulchre. On
her way to Bethlehem, she visited the “ sepulchre of Rachel ; ” at Sichem, “ entered the church built
over the well cf Jacob, where our Saviour spoke to the Samaritan woman ; ” and in Sebaste or
Samaria, saw the sepulchre of John the baptist.
“ 386 A. D .” (Greg. Turon., and Clint.), Maximus in a personal interview, forbidden by Martinus
bishop of Tours to carry the sword into Spain to slay heretics. He had already killed Priscillianus.
Manuscripts of the “ Fourth century” (D e Wailly pl. ii. i), presenting the following form of the
letter L.
“ 387 A. D .” (Liban., and C lint), at Antioch, sedition, and the statues of Theodosius, his sons,
wife, and father, thrown down by the populace. The “ second year” of the preaching of Joannes
Chrysostomus.
“ The same year ” (Mason ii. 20), two copies of the sacred Budhist books brought from Ce}lon
to Thatung in Burmah.
The Sutta sagitti written as early perhaps as this year. Mention is made of various-coloured
Benares stuffs * — (Burn. ii. 486 to 825).
“ 388 A. D .” (Idat.. and C lint), Maximus having entered Italy, slain near A quileia; and the
Western division of the Empire restored entire to Valentinian II. by Theodosius.
England deprived of its young men and military resources in the wars of Maximus, invaded from
the North by the Piets and Scots: — whose depredations continued many years (Gildas hist. 14 to 24). . -
The same year (inscript. at Kermanshah, Agath., and Clint), Sapor III. succeeded by Vararam
IV., eleventh Sasanid king of Persia.
“ 389 A. D .” (Prosp., and Clint.), on account of the death of Priscillianus, his accusers Itliacius
and Ursacius deprived of the communion of the church.
“ 390 A. D .” (Sozom., and C lint), massacre at Thessalonica : and at Milan, Theodosius excluded
by Ambrosius from the church, for “ eight m onths” until Christmas.
“ At the close of the year” (C lint), the great temple of Serapis at Alexandria demolished. The
building contained the Alexandrian Library (see Tertull. apol. 18, Aphthon. 12, Oros. vi. 15, Ammon.
Hermead., and Joann. Philopon.). Among those who on this occasion fled from Alexandria, were
the two grammarians, Helladius “ priest of Jupiter,” and Ammonius “ priest of the a p e ” (Socrat.
V . i s ) .
“ 391 A. D .” (Clint.), the orator Symmachus one of the consuls for this year.
“ 392, May 15th ” (Epiphan , and Clint), death of Valentinian I I .; Theodosius now becoming in
regular order the fiftieth Roman emperor. Marcellus of Bourdeaux, sometimes termed “ archiater,”
holding the office of “ m.rgister officiorum ” under Theodosius (Sm. b. d.).
* Pentapetes phc-nicea of Tropical Eastern Asia. Herbaceous with shewy flowers, and called in
Sanscrit “ banclhukamu ” or “ bandhujivamu ” or “ bandhujivakamu ” (J. F. W ats); in which we recognize
the “ bandhudjiva” of the Sutta sagitti — (Burn. ii. S26), Vaimiki ram. iv. 29 (transl. Gorr.),
Jayadeva, lips like its ruddy flowers, and Susrutas sutr. 6 to kalp. i: P. phcenicea was observed
by Rheede x. pl. 56 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ in gardens Bombay,” flowers axillary, “ of a beautiful
bright red colour ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason, indigenous in
Burmah ; by Blanco, once at Manila ; and is termed by Rumphius v. pl. loo “ flos irapius ’Mrom the
flowers never looking upward.
Pontederia hastata of Tropical Hindustan. The “ umma” having blue flowers according to the
Sutta sagitti— is referred here by Burnouf ii. 826: P. hastata was observed by Nimmo in the envi-
10ns of Bombay, “ rice fields and margins of tanks, Concans ” (Graham) ; by Roxburgh cor. ii.p l. n i
mM oortihseorn piaiir, ts1 5o. fp Hi. i4n.dustan. Transported to Europe, is described , by Plukenet aim. pl. 220, and
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