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5 4 4 CHRONOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
“ 289, April 2 is t ” (Chnt.), oration of Mamertinus, to Maximian on the point of sailing with a
new fleet against Carausius. By whom he was defeated in n aval warfare.
“ 290 A. D. = ‘tai-hi and young-hi,’ death of Wou-ti II. and accession of Hiao-hoei-ti ” (Chinese
chron. table). The year however is referred to the reign of Wou-ti IL*
The same year” (coins, Eutrop., and Clint.), peace granted to Carausius. Coins issued by him
in this, — and the following year, are extant.
“ The same year” (AÎst., and Blair), compilation of the “ Codex Hermogenianus.” Containin»
laws enacted under the reign of Aurelius Claudius to that of Diocletian. “
Manuscripts of the “ Third ” century (Sylvestre), presenting the following forms Ll, m, q. Ô, b. o of the letters
“ 291 A. D . Not later than this date” (see Clint, iv. p. 437), retirement of Antonius at the age
of thirty-five ” into the Egyptian Desert ; the earliest example of the life of a hermit. In his writin»s,
pilgrimages and the superstitious veneration of relics are denounced (Alst. p. 368). * ’
kmg “m2 9B3r iAta. inD.. (Vict., Eumen., and Clint.), the “ archipirata ” Carausius, succeeded by Allectus as
“ The same year” (Agath., Abulphara»., and Clint.), Vararam II. succeeded by Vararam III •
and after “ four months,” by Narses, seventh Sasanid king of Persia.
“ At this time ” (Vopisc., and Clint.), Claudius Eusthenius writing the lives of Diocletian and his
three colleagues, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantins ; al! of whom were living.
“ 296, April 22d” (P on t, and Clint.), death of Caius, twenty-sixth bishop ol Rome. Marcellinus
IS next m order (on the Lists of Alfred, and Nicolas) : — and after him, Marcellus, and Eusebius.
"0ft? year (Eumen., £¡01, and Clint.), near London, Allectus defeated by Constantius,
and Britain recovered by the Romans. Sïaximian at the time, stationed on the Rhine.
“ 297 A. p . ” (Eutrop., Hieronym., and C hnt), in Egypt, Achilleus defeated and Alexandria
cCaopntustraendt ibuys . Diocletian. The event is noticed in the oration of Eumenius, addressed in thiis year to
As early probably as this date, Hermetic writings translated from Egyptian into G reek (Iambi.
myst. viii. I to 7). One of them is quoted by Lactantius div. inst. vii. 18.
Daphne sericea of Crete. The K 0 K K 0 C N H C I UJ T I K 0 C of the Hermetic iatromathem. — may
be compared : D . sericea is termed “ thymelæa cretica oleæ folio subtus villosa ” by Tournefort cor. 41 ;
and was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the subalpine portion of the mountains of Crete and
Southern Greece. “ D. buxifolia” observed by Sibthorp on the mountains of Crete, is regarded by
Fraas as identical, and notwithstanding the pubescent leaves hardly distinct from D. jasminea, (See D. alpina and D. tartonraira).
“ 29S A. D .” (Ammian., and Clint ), in Armenia, the Persians under N arses defeated by Galerius :
and after the cession of five provinces beyond the Tigris to the Romans, peace concluded.
of Je“r uTshaele sma.m e year ” (Euseb., and Clint.), Hymenaeus succe’ eded by Zabdas, “ thirtjy -eiag hth ” bishopr
“ 299 A. D .” (Clint), end of the independent Egyptian coinage: — the coins issued at Alexandria,
itnhset eEamd poifr eG. reek, bearing Latin inscriptions, and are similar in every respect to those of the rest of
^ 300 A. D. (Euseb., and Clint,), Zabdas succeeded by Hermon, “ thirty-ninth ” bishop of Jeru-
One hundred and thirty-eighth generation. Jan. ist, 301, onward mostly beyond youth : Metrodorus
of Persia: the Greek philosophers, the Neo-Platonists lamblichus of Chalcis in Syria, and
Sopater of Apamea ; the grammarian Helladius Besantinus ; the rhetors, Julianus, and Onasimtis ; the
Christian Greek writers, Eustathius of Antioch, Meletius of Lycopolis, and Pamphilus : the Latin
writers, the poet Optatianus Porphyrius; the hi.storians Vopiscus, and Trebellius Pollio; the rhetor
N azanus ; the Christian Latin writers Lactantius, Rheticius, and the poet Juvencus of Spain.
“ In the beginning of the year” (Hieronym., and Clint.), Theonas succeeded by Petrus, “ sixteenth
” bishop of Alexandria.
of Pe“rsTiah.e same year” (Agath., and Clint ), Narses succeeded by Hormisdas II., eighth Sasanid kin»
^ ^ * Paeoma moutan of China. The arborescent piony or “ mou-tan,” according to Chinese authorities,
has been known and cultivated only about “ fourteen hundred years” — (mem. Chin, iii, 461),
IS further described by Cibot as woody-stemmed, eight to ten and it is said even twenty-five feet
high : the “ meu-tan ” or “ queen of flowers ” was also seen in China by Navarrete i. 16 ; P. moutan,
by Thunberg in Japan ; and by Loureiro in Anam. Transported to Europe, is described by Sims,
iInS tgerremenedh o“ups.e sa.rborea” by Donn (Steud.); was also carried to Northeast America, where it continues
OF A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D PL A N T S. 5 4 5
“ 302 A. D .” (Hieronym., and Clint.), at Rome, trium phal procession of Diocletian and Maximian ;
their car preceded by statues of the wife and sisters of Narses.
“ The same year” (Hieronym., and Clint.), Cyrillus succeeded by Tyrannus, “ nineteenth ” bishop of Antioch.
“ In this year ” (Max Mull. p. xi), death of Mahasena king of Ceylon. The last reign mentioned
in the Dipavansa, a historical work manuscripts of which are said to be extant.
Azadirachta Indica of Tropical Hindustan. A large tree called in Tamil “ vaypum,” in Telinga
“ vepa,” in Malabar “ aria-bepou,” in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ nim ” (Drur.), in the environs of
Bombay “ neem ” (Graham) ; and the “ nim ba” fruit of a Hindu proverb — quoted in the Ramayana
ii. 29, and of Harivansa 96, is referred here by Carey and Marshman ; the “ malaka ” or “ pichumanda ”
of Susrutas . . . , is referred here by H essler: A. Indica was observed by Rheede iv. pl. 52 in Malabar
; by Burmann pl. 15, on Ceylon ; by Graham, “ common about villages ” in the environs of Bombay ;
by myself, around villages on the Deccan ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drurv, as far as Bengal, its bit?
ter bark used as a febrifuge, and with the leaves seeds and oil for various m'edicinal purposls,’and its
beautifully mottled mahogany-like wood used for ship-building and made into chests that will exclude
insects ; was observed by Mason v, 493 “ exotic ” in Burmah, cultivated by the natives “ for its medicinal
properties for which it is famous all over India.” Westward, the “ azadiracht” of E. Masah,
Maserjawia, Rhazes, Ebn Samhun, Avicenna, A. B. A. Chaled, Madschul, Ebn Baitar, mentioned as
an Indian tree by Caboudi, and Ebn Joljol, is referred here by writers. According to A. Richard,
this and the olive are the only known instances of the pericarp around the nut yielding oil.
“ 303, February ” (Clint.), the celebrated edict of Diocletian against Christians. Supposed to
have been in part extorted from him through the intrigues of Galerius. Even in Britain, Alban,
Aaron, Julius, and many persons of both sexes, were put to death (Gildas hist. 10).
In this year ( = 276 -j- “ 27 yrs. reign” in the Mahavamsa xxxvii), Mahasana succeeded by his
son Kiertissry-magawarna, now king of Ceylon
HindHuastradnly. later than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and B en tl), Ta^p aswi re!°» nin“» in
of th“e 3F°4if tAie-t hD c.y =cle .1 st year of the ‘young-hing’ of H iao-hoei-ti” (Chinese chron. table), be°g inninsg
“ In the reign of Hiao-hoei-ti ” (P auth.), the new religious Sect of the Wou-wei-kiao, a stoical
offshoot from the doctrines of Lao-tseu.
clelia“n3.05 A. D .” (inscript, and Clint.), at Rome, dedication of the “ thermae” or “ baths” of Dio-
“ The same year” (Lactant., Vict., and Clint.), abdication of Diocletian ; wlio retired to Salone
01- Siralatro in Dalmatia, where ruins of his palace or castle are extant. He was succeeded by Constantins,
forty-second Roman emperor.
“ The same year” (N icol.), by a synod at Cirtes in Numidia, “ the bishops who during the
persecution had read the Scriptures to the Pagans ” absolved.
Cocculus bakis of Senegambia. Twining; and from early times, its root used in decoction by tlie
Negroes in intermittents, and to stop urethral discharges : — observed by Perrotet fl. i. pl. 4 in hedges
qnd on the sides of woods in Senegal. The root according to Lindley diuretic and very bitter.
Swietenia [IChaya) Senegalensis of Senegambia. A mahogany-like tree eighty to a hundred feet
high, called “ karson khayi ” and its bark “ cail-cedra ” (Lindl.) ; the latter very bitter, and from early
limes used in infusion and decoction against fevers by the Blacks : — observed by Leprieur common
111 the forests along the borders of the Gambia (Forsten p. 12, and L indl).
^ Heudelotia Africana of Senegambia. A spiny Amyroid bush eight to ten feet liigh, called
‘■niouttout” (Lindl), and known from early times :— obseiwed by Adanson, and Perrotet, in the
sandy wastes of Interior Senegal, and tears of bdellium collected. Thèse proving hardly bigger than
peas, the “ African bdellium ” of commerce is regarded by Guibourt ii. 498 as possibly the product of
a diflerent species (see Balsamodendron Africanum).
Ocymum viride of Western Equatorial Africa. A Labiate plant from early times emploved as a
febrifuge, — as to the present day in Sierra Leone (Lindl.) : received and described by Willdenow.
“ 306, July 24th ” (Eumen., and Clint.), after his victory in Caledonia over the Piets, death
of Constantius at York in Britain. He was succeeded by Constantine, forty-third Roman emperor.
chron“. 3t0a7b lAe). . D. = ‘3-oung-kia,’ ist year of Hiao-ho:ii-ti, of the T cin ” or ninth dynasty (Chinese
‘+ 0 9 A. D .” (Agath., and Clint.), birth and accession of Sapor IL, ninth Sasanid king of Persia.
“ About this tim e” (T. Wright mediæv. engl. vii), by a few missionaries, Christianity introduced
among the Teutonic tribes on the Rhine.
.“ 31% April 30th ” (Lactant,, and C lint), in Nicomedia, an edict issued by Galerius to stay the
peisecution against Christians, Dying soon afterwards, Asia was seized bv Maximinus, who withdrew
the protection granted to Christians. gj
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