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colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it is called “ prunier de Madagascar,” and is
planted near dwellings.
Mollugo cerviafia of Tropical Africa and Hindustan. A small annual called in Sanscrit “ paran
e.xcellent glue,” and being also obnoxious to insects, used by Jews and Portuguese in book-binding
(Graham, and Drur.) ; by Graham, “ pretty common on the hilly parts of Salsette” near Bombay; by
Roxburgh. Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Travancore and Bengal, the fruit eaten by the natives, used
also medicinally, the juice for paying the bottom of boats, and the infusion for steeping fishing-nets
(Drur.) ; was observed by Parish near Maulmain in Burmah (Mason v. 542).
Wrighiia tmcioria of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A small Apocynous tree
called in Sanscrit “ hayamaraka” (Ainsl.), in Tamil “ chite-ancaloo ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay
“ bhoorcooree ” or “ kala-kooda ” (Graham) ; in which we recognize the “ hayamaraka ” of Susrutas
sutr, 36 to chik. 18 : —W. tinctoria was observed by Buchanan in the jungles South of Bangalore,
the leaves according to Graham “ deciduous in the cold weather ; ”.by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight,
as far as Coromandel, the fresh leaves chewed said to remove toothache, the close-grained wood resembling
ivory and much used for ornamental and useful purposes (Drur.); was observed by Burmann
z, pl. 77 on Ceylon ; by Loureiro i. 116, in Anam.
Monetia barlerioides of Tropical Hindustan ? A thorny furze-like Apocynous shrub called in Sanscrit
“ kundali” (Pidd) ; and the “ kundali” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 16, — may be compared:
M. barlerioides was observed by Law “ in abundance about Dharwar Fort ” (Graham); by Roxburgh,
and Ainslie, in other parts of Plindustan. > Possibly by European colonists was carried to Austral
Africa (see Pers.). Transported to Europe, is described by Seba i. pi. 13, and L’PIeritier. (See
Clerodendron inerme).
Ophioxylon serpenlinuvt of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. An ornamental
Apocynous shrub called in Sanscrit “ karuvee” or “ vasoopooshpa ” or “ chundruka” or “ chundru-
shoora ” or “ bhudra ” or “ nundunee ” (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil “ chivan-amelpodi,” in Telinga “ patal-
ganni,” in Bengalee “ chandra,” in Hindustanee “ chotachand ” (Drur.) ; in which we recognize the
“ karavi” or “ vishapushpa ” prescribed by Susrutas kalp. 8: — O. serpentinum was observed by
Rheede vi. pl. 47 in Malabar; by Lush in “ Goa jungles,” by Nimmo in “ the Concans,” and by Graham
“ in gardens Bombay;” by W. Jones as. res. iv. 308, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the root
used against the bites of poisonous animals and for other medicinal purposes (Drur.) ; by Burmann z.
pl. 64. on Ceylon ; by Mason, in Burmah ; and by Blume bydr. 1034, as far as the Malayan archipelago.
Gytnnema sylvestre of Tropical Hindustan. A large twining Apocynous plant (Graham) : the
“ vishanika ” or “ mesliaringi ” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 2 to kalp. i, — is referred here by Hessler:
G. sylvestre was observed by Law on bills in the Southern Mahratta country (Graham) ; by Retz,
Ro.xburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the peninsula.
Agathotes chirayta of the Eastern Himalayas. The chiretta is a Gentianaceous annual, imported
in the dried state and called in Sanscrit “ chirataka ” or “ chirata-tikta ” or “ kirata-ticta ” or “ kai-
rata,” in Bengalee and Plindustanee “ chlrata ” (J. F. Wats.); in which-we recognize the “ kirata-
tikta” or '“kairata” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46 : — A. chirayta is known to grow in Nepal, is
described by Roxburgh, Wallich, and Royle, is imported Southward and much used medicinally, being
“ an excellent tonic bitter” (Lindl.) ; is imported also into Burmah, and was found by Mason y. 494
“ a common Burman medicine.”
Bignonia (Calosanthes) hidica of Tropical Hindu.stan. A tall tree with very large supra-
decompound leaves, called in Sanscrit “ shyamaka” (Pidd.), in the environs of Bombay “ taetoo”
(Graham); the “ tuntuka ” or “ katvanga ” or “ kutannata ” or “ g’hantapatali ” or “ musbkaka”
or “ suka ” or “ syonaka ” of Susrutas sutr. 33 to chik. 17, — is referred here by Hessler: C.
Indica was observed by Rheede i. pl. 43 in Malabar; by Auld in “ jungles in Kandeisb,” and
by Graham on “ hills throughout the Concans;” by Buchanan, and Roxburgh, in other parts of
Hindustan ; by Mason v. 411, around native dwellings in Burmah, planted for ornament; by Loureiro
ii. 460, in Anam.
Tiariitiuin Indicum of Tropical Plindustan. A hairy annual called in Sanscrit “ bliooroondee ”
or “ srihastini” (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil “ tayl-kodukhoo,” in Telinga “ tayl-munnie,” in Bengalee
“ hatee-sliooro” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ hatti soora ” or “ bhooroondie ” (Graham); m
which we recognize the “ b’Inirundi ” or “ srihastini ” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 17 : — T. Indicum
was observed by Rheede x. pl. 48 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ common” in waste places “ during the
rains ; ” by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Drury, as far as Travancore and Chittagong, employed medicinally
by the natives. By European colonists, was carried to Tropical America, where also it is employed
for medicinal purposes (Pluk. aim. pl. 64, Browne jam., Pers., and Martius).
- Solanum Jacquini of Tropical Plindustan. A prickly trailing species called in Sanscrit “ kuntupata”
or “ parpataka ” (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga “ parpatakum,” in Tamil “ parpadagum,” in Bengalee
“ ghimashak ” (Drur.) ; in which we recognize the “ parpata ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46 to
chik. 37 : — M. cerviana was observed by Elliot among the Northern Circars ; by Ainslie, Piddingkaree
” or “ kunthukarika ” or “ kunthalika ” or “ kuntbakinee ” or “ kshoodra ” or “ vrihutee ” or
“ vyaghree,” in Bengalee “ kanta-karee ” (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil “ cundunghatrie,” in Telinga “ van-
kuda” or “ nella mollunga,” in Plindustanee “ kootaya ” (Drur.) ; in which we recognize the “ kanta-
kari ” or “ kantakarika ” or “ kshudra ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 44 to chik. 37; — S. Jacquini
was observed by Nimmo, and Graham, “ common ” around Bombay and on the Deccan, “ a native
officinal article of some importance ; ” by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Travancore and
Bengal, its fruit considered expectorant by the natives, also eaten by them in curries, and cultivated
for this purpose in the Circars (Drur.).
Solanum Indicum of Tropical Eastern Asia. A prickly-leaved branching shrub called in Sanscrit
“ kakamachi ” or “ vributee ” (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil “ moollie,” in Telinga “ tella mulaka,” in
Bengalee “ byakoor ” (Drur.); in which we recognize the “ kakamachi ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr.
46 to chik. I : — S. Indicum was observed by Rheede ii. pl. 36 in Malabar; by Graham, “ common in
the Deccan,” and around Bombay; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, “ all over India,” the root
employed medicinally; by Burmann z. pl. 102, on Ceylon; by Mason, in Burmah, enumerated as
indigenous; by Loureiro i. 131, in Anam.
Ocymum villosum of Tropical Plindustan. A species of basil called in Telinga “ arjakam,”
in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ toolusee ” or “ tools! ” (J. F. Wats.), and possibly the “ ar-
jaka ” in question ; — O. villosum was observed by Powell in the Punjaub, by the author of hort.
beng., Piddington, and Long, in Bengal, the seeds and juice of the leaves employed medicinally
(Drur.).
Stemodia viscosa of Tropical Hindustan. A small hairy glutinous annual called at Patna
“ nukachoonie ” (Irv.) ; and the “ nikochana” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 17 and
kalp. I . — maybe compared: S. viscosa was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay; by
Roxburgh, cor. ii. pl. 163 as far as Coromandel (Pers.) ; and is enumerated by Irvine 279 among the
medicinal plants of Patna (J. F. Wats.).
Clerodendron inerme of Tropical shores from Hindustan to the Samoan Islands. A flowering
shrub called in Sanscrit “ kundali” (Pidd.) ; in Tagalo “ casopangil” or “ laroan anito ” or “ macala-
lauang ” or “ igiñga,” in Bisaya “ asuangai ” or “ jaacapis ” or “ colocolog” or “ alocasoc ” (Blanco) ;
and the “ kundali” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 16, — may be compared ; C. inerme was observed
by Rheede v. pl. 49 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ common ” on “ the verge of high water mark ” in the
vicinity of Bombay, and found by Law used for hedges at Madras ; by Roxburgh, and Ainslie, in
Eastern Hindustan, occasionally employed in medicine (Lindl.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah ;
by Blanco, on the Philippines, employed medicinally by the natives ; is termed “ jasminum littoreum ”
by Rumphius v. pl. 46; and was observed by myself, submaritime on the Feejeean, Tongan, and
Samoan Islands. (See Monetia barlerioides.)
Clerodendron siphonanthus of Tropical Hindustan and Jlurmah. Suffruticose and tall, called in
Sanscrit “ brahmunte” or “ brahmunayustica ” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay “ barungee ”
(Graham) : the “ b’hargi ” or “ bah mi ” or “ p’hanjika ” or “ vajra ” of Susrutas sutr. 16 to chik. 37, —
is referred here by Hessler ; C. siphonanthus was observed by Gibson, and Graham, “ common in
Bombay gardens, said to grow wild on the hills east of Ahmednuggur; ” by Burmann ind. pl. 43, and
Roxburgh, in other parts of Plindustan ; by Mason, in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous ; and is
known to grow as far as Java (Pers.).
Clerodendron phlomoides of Tropical Hindustan. A large shrub called in Telinga “ tilaka”
(Elb), in the environs of Bombay “ irun ” (Graham); in which we recognize the “ tilaka” tree of
Susrutas kalp 7, —Jay adevas ii. 6, its flower according to Kalidasa kum. iii. 30 to ragh. ix. 40 the
beauty of spring, mentioned also in the Cañara Inscription ; C. phlomoides was observed by Graham
very common “ in hedges and about villages in the Deccan,” its “ white fragrant flowers in terminal
panicles ” appearing “ in the cold weather ; ” by Burmann ind. pl. 45, Ainslie, and Roxburgh, in other
parts of Hindustan.
Asteracantha longifolia of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A Ruellioid annual called in
Sanscrit “ vanasrnigata ” or “ gocshuraca” or “ gocantaca” (W. Jones) or “ gokantuka ” or “ ikshu-
ganclha,” in Plindustanee “ gokshura” (J. F. Wats,), in Tamil “ neer-nioollie,” in Telinga “ neer-
goobbie,” in Bengalee “ kanta-koolika ” (Drur.) ; in which we recognize the “ ikshugand'ha ” or
“ gokshura ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 30 : — A. longifolia was observed by Rbeede ii.
pl. 45 in Malabar ; by Gibson and Graham, in the environs of Bombajq “ a very common herbaceous
plant,” its seeds prescribed medicinally under the name of “ tal-mugami; ” by W. Jones as. res. iv.