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T r o p oe o lu m m i n u s of the Peruvian Andes. Transported to Europe, is termed “ nasturtium indicum
” by Dodoens — (C. Bauhin, and Willd.) ; is described also by Monardes 348, Loltel hist. 338,
and Linnæus; and under cultivation as a garden flower has become doubled ; was observed by Forskal
in gardens at Constantinople. Westward, is termed “ nasturtium peruiniun ” by Hernandez, as
seen by him in Mexico.
P e n n i s e t u m t v p h o i d e u m of Tropical America ? A reedy m i l l e t , called in France “ millet à chandelles
” (D e l) , in Greece “ phragkôkëghri ” (Fraas), in Egypt included under the general name
“ dokhn” (Ciot-Bey), in Nubia called “ herneh ” (Del.), in Hindustanee “ bajara” (D ’roz.), in the
environs of Bombay “ bajree ” (Graham): transported to Europe, is described by Dodoens pl. —•
and termed “ panici americani” by Clusius rar. ii. 216: harvested spikes were observed by myself in
various Mediterranean countries, and the living plant by Fraas 311 under cultivation in Greece; by
Ciot-Bey, in Egypt; by Delile, at the first cataract of the Nile, and sown generally in the country of
the Blacks, but in Equatorial Africa was seen by Grant only along the Indian Ocean ; by myself,
under cultivation at Muscat. Farther East, w.as received by Plukenet aim. pl. 32 from “ Indiæ orientalis
; ” was observed by Roxburgh i. 283 in Hindustan ; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay
“ extensively cultivated and forms a very important article of food to the natives ; ” and varieties
hardly more than a foot high, bearing a short ovoid spike, were observed by myself under cultivation
on the Deccan. Westward from the Mediterranean, was observed by N. A. Ware in Carolina, Georgia,
Alabama, and Florida; by Croom, under cultivation in Florida; and according to Chapman, is
“ commonly cultivated ” with S e t a r i a I t a l i c a “ as green food for cattle.”
“ A p r il” (Haki., and Holmes), arrival in Florida of a retaliatory expedition under Dominique de
Gourgues, fitted out at his own expense. The three forts at the river of May were captured, and the
Spanish soldiers were all put to death. The affair was however disavowed by Charles IX , and no
further attempts were made by the French, to establish settlements in that portion of America.
“ The same year ” (Haki., Purch., Holmes, and Major edit. De Morga 64), a fleet under Alvaro
de Mendana sent from Peru We.stward. A cluster of islands was discovered in “ eleven degrees
south latitude,” was named “ Solomon Islands,” and the principal island “ St. Christopher.”
“ 1569 A. D .” (Alst.), by Maximilian II. emperor of Germany and Italy, futile intercession in
favour of the Belgians.
A s early as this year (Asher edit. Huds. p. xcvi), the inland sea (now called Hudson’s Bay) discovered
: — delineated in Ortelius’s atlas published “ in ryyo.”
“ 1570 A. D .” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Onuphrius Panvinius.
“ In this y e a r ” (Markham edit, laws of the Incas p. 3), Sebastian de Artaun appointed bishop
of Cuzco, to whom Christoval de Molina dedicates his Fables and rites of the Incas. His writings —
formed the base of the Plistory by Miguel Cavello Balboa, commenced at Quito “ in 1576,” and finished
“ in 1586.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Lobel of Belgium publishing his Stirp. nov. advers.,
enumerating F r a n k e n i a p u l v e m i l e i i t a 196, P o l y p o d i u m l y c o p o d io id e s , H y p e c o u m p e n d u l u m 330, P e d i c
u l a r i s t u b e r o s a 326, P o t e n t i l l a s u b a c a u l i s 209, S u f f r e n i a f i l i f o r m i s adv. 227, C r o c u s r e t i c u l a t u s ii.
497, “ gramen avenaceum rariori grano danicum ” ii. 465 M é l i c a u n i f l o r a , S c a b i o s a { C e p h a la r ia ')
a l p i n a 233, P l a n t a g o a l b i c a n s i8, “ polygonum montanum niveum” adv. 180 P a r o n y c h i a c a p i t a t a ,
“ saxifraga Anglorum ” 3 3 1 A n g e l i c a c a r v i f o l i a , “ laserp. massiliense ” 313 L a s e r p i t i u m G a l l i c u m ,
“ peucedani facie pusilla planta ” 331 P im p i n e l l a d io i c a , “ limonium maritimum ” 123 S t a t i c e o l e a e f o l i a
123, H a e m a n t h i c s c o c c i n e u s 2. 503, P a n c r a t i u m a m o e n u m 2. 502, C r i n u m A m e r i c a n u m 2. 501, A p h y l l
a n t h e s M o n s p e l i e n s i s 190, F r a n k e n i a l a e v i s 180, S i d e r i t i s s c o r d i o i d e s 225, “ verbascum sy lvestre”
241 P h l o m i s I t a l i c a , “ thlaspi minus umbellatum” 75 I b e r i s p i n n a t a , “ althaea” 294 L a v a t e i a o lb ia ,
“ lagopus” 384 T r i f o l i u m a n g u s t i f o l h im , L o t u s s i t i q u o s u s 385, M e d i c a g o m a r i n a 3S3, “ medicae spec,
secunda ” 383 M . t u r b i n a t a , “ stoechas citrina altera ” 203 S e r r a t u l a d u b i a , C a r t h a m u s c a r d u n c e l l u s
374, B a l s a m i t a a g e r a t i f o l i a 2. 509, “ tertium anglicum” 202 G n a p h a l i u m s y l v a t i c u m , “ minor Nar-
bonensium ” 147, “ aster montanus hirsutus ” 148 I n u l a m o n t a n a , S e n e c i o a r t e m i s i a e f o l i u s 333, “ her-
bariorum anthemis c h r y s a n t h e m o s ’ ’ 3 4 3 A n a c y c / u s a u r e u s , “ c o t u l a s . parthenium maritimum” 345
A n t h e m i s m a r i t im a , “ cliameleon non aculeatus ” 367 C e n t a u r e a ( L e u z i a ) c o n i f e r a , “ jacea humilis
serpens” 235 C e n l a t t } - e a p u l l a t a , “ spina a lb a ” 369 E c h i n o p s s t r i g o s u s , L i p a r i s L o e s e l i i z . 506, T y p h a
m e d ia 41, “ terebinthus minor ” 4 1 1 P i s t a c i a r e t i c u l a t a .
C a r y o l o p h a s e m p e z 'v i r e n s of the West Mediterranean countries. Described hy Lobel adv. 247
— (Spreng.); observed by Gerarde only under cultivation in Britain, termed “ anchusa sempervirens”
by Linnæus, and known to grow in Spain (Pers.) and Piedmont (All.). In Britain, between 1690 and
1724, made its appearance in one locality in Kent (edit. Dillen.) ; two additional localities are mentioned
by Hudson “ in 1778 ; ” localities in six different counties are mentioned by J. E. Smith “ in
1800,” and in eleven “ in 1824;” and “ in 1849,” Watson mentions the plant as occurring along
hedges and roadsides in seventeen of the eighteen districts into which he divides Britain (A. Dec.).
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R a d i o l a m i l l e g r a n a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A diminutive plant o f the flax
tribe called m B x l t a m f l a x - s e e d (Prio r); termed “ herba turca” by Lobel adv. 180 — (Spren»)
“ polygonum minimum s. millegrana minima ” by C. Bauhin pin. 282, “ radiola vulgaris serpillifolta ’’
by Ray angl. in. pl. 15, and knovvn to grow from 63° 26' in Norway to the Mediterranean (fl. Dan. p l
178, Engl. bot. pl. 893, Pers., and A. Dec.) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden, in places subject to
inundation; by Vaillant pl. 4, near Paris; by Brotero, in Portugal; by Lemann, on Madeira; by
lioissier, near Cadiz, Gibraltar, and Tangier; by Schousboe, in Morocco; by Moris, on Sardinia and
Corsica; by Gussone, on S icily; by Gaudin, near Bale; by Schrank, near Salzbourg ; by Baum^^ar-
ten, in Transylvania; by Sibthorp, on the Bithynian Olympus. ^
S e s e l i g l a u c u m of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed “ caucalis Anguillarae ”
by Lobel adv. 325— (Spreng.), “ foeniculum sylvestre glauco folio” by Tournefort inst. 311,"described
also by Morison iii. 9. pl. z, and known to grow from Carniolia to France (Pers.) : observed by
Crantz, and Jacqiim austr. pl. 144, in Austria ; by Sibthorp, on hills around Constantinople ; by Guldenstadt,
as far as Caucasus (Steud.) ; in less than fifty years between the opening of the Doubs
canal and “ 1822” made its appearance in the environs of Montbelliard (Bernard). “ S. junceum,”
described by J. E. Smith from a specimen in Sibthorp’s herbarium, is regarded by Spreno-el as not
distinct. J k Ik
C t r s i u m e r i o p h o r u m of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A woolly-headed thistle said
to grow in various parts of Spain, described by Lobel adv, 370— (Spreng.), and observed by Dodoens
pempt. V. 5. pl. 5 exotic in the gardens of Belgium: — is described also by Caesalpinus xiii. 40
(Spreng.); is termed “ c. capite rotundo tomentoso ” by Tournefort inst. 441 ; was observed by
Scopoli in Carniolia (Jacq. austr. pl. 171, and Steud.) ; by Sibthorp, from the Peloponnesus to mount
Haemus and Smyrna.
C a r d u u s a c a n t h o id e s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Lobel adv. 371
(Spreng.) ; termed “ carduus acanthoides ” by Bauhin hist. iii. 59, “ c. nigrescens ” by Villars iii
pi. 20, and known to occur in waste places throughout Europe (Moris, iii. 15 Jacq. austr. pl. 249, and
Pers.) : observed by Lmnæus in Sweden, frequent along waysides and about villages in Scania’ ; by
Villars, in Dauphiny; by Forskal, and Sibthorp, from Crete aud the Peloponne.sus to Cyprus and
Constantinople.
M o l u c c e l l a s p i n o s a of middle Asia. Termed “ molucca asperior ” by Lobel adv. 221 — (Spren».),
and according to Caesalpinus xi. 24 also exotic in Italy, taller with the floral whorls more s p in y m ’
spinosa is termed “ molucca spinosa ” by Tournefort inst. 187 ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard,
near Navarino in the Peloponnesus and on mount Parnassus.
P a n c r a t i u m m a r i t im u m of the seashore of Carolina and Florida. A large ornamental bulbous-
rooted plant called in Greece “ agria skilla ” (Sibth.), in Egypt “ soiisan ” (Del.) ; described by Lobel
adv. 57 (Spreng.), having possibly without human intervention reached the shore of Southern
France and Spam (Pers.) : ob.served by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in the maritime sands of
Greece and Cyprus ; by Delile, near Ale.xandria. Westward, was observed by Catesby app. v. pl. 5 in
South Carolina (EH.) ; by Chapman, in “ salt marshes, South Florida to South Carolina.” By Arab
visitors, or possibly by Spanish colonists crossing the Pacific, was carried to the Malayan archipela»o ■
observed by lil.mco on tlie Philippines, kept by the natives in vases; by Rumphius vi. pl. 70? i i
other parts of the archipelago. (See Lilium candidum and Iris sambucina.) *
* M a m i l l a r i a s im p l e x of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of Tropical America. A
melon-sliaped c a c t u s , transported to Europe, termed “ echinomelocactus ” bv Lobel stirp. nov. 373_
(Spreng ) ; described also by Tournefort inst., and Linnæus. Westward, known to grow in rocky
situations in South America (Pers.).
S a r r a c e n i a f l a v a of Carolina and the Lower Mississippi. Its leaves from their size and shape
called t r u m p e t s , and one procured from a sailor figured by Lobel stirp. nov. 430 ; tlie plant transported
to Europe, i.s described by Plukenet amalth. pl. 376. Westward, was observed by myself in
bogs from 37° in Lower Virginia ; by Catesby, and Waiter, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, “ Florida
to North Carolina, and westward; ” by Drummond, from St. Louis along the Mississippi to New
Orleans.
Y u c c a g l o r i o s a of the seashore of Carolina and Florida. Having a palm-like stem two to four
feet high crowned with bayonet-like leaves and an upright panicle of white tulip-like flowers • trans-
£ r te d to Europe, described by Lobel adv. 2. 508, - Cnoffelius (Spreng.). Barrelier rar. pl. 1194, and
tonnæus : by European colonists also, was caiTied to the environs of Bombay, where accordino- to
Graham “ it seems to be quite naturalized ” in “ gardens,” flowering “ in the rains when the hroe
panicle has a very showy appearance; ” also to Peru (Pers.) ; and is cultivated in our own o,,nIeís
as far North at least as the Merrimack. In its wild state, was observed by Michaux'i. iq6# n the
seartore of Carolina (Pers.) ; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Leconte, in Georgia (Collins); and
by Chapman, “ drifting sands along the coast, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.”
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