10 6 1
A t this time (Ph. ii. 609), G. Anderson engaged in examining and cultivating willows, and
assisting Pursh in his arrangement of the N. American species, contributing in addition S altx uva-
ursi, cordifolia, plaziifolia.— Pursh at this time describing plants from various herbaria in London,
from the Banksian herbarium Arenaria Labradorica ( “ thymifolia” ), Potentilla dissecta, Draba
glabella, Tussilago sagittata, Chrysopsis falcata, C. gossypina. Aster grannnifolius. Coreopsis aspera,
Silphium elatum, S. reticulatum, Platanthera rotiindifoUa, P. obtusata, S a lix vestita. — He published
his Flor. am. sept, “ in 1814” (title-page).,
“ In this y e a r ” (Baldw. reliq. 114), Zaccheus Collins exploring peninsular New Jersey meeting
with Gymnadenia flava (Nutt. gen.).
“ 1814, March 3 1 s t ” (Maunder and N ic o l), entrance of the allied armies and sovereigns into
Paris : Napoleon was exiled, and succeeded in France by Louis X V I I I . ; pope Pius V I I . was restored
to his dominions, as also Ferdinand V I I . of Spain.*
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Georg Wahlenberg publishing his Flor. carpath.
“ In this y e a r ” (Baldw. rel. 146, 68-71), Van Vleck at Salem in North Carolina, corresponding
with Muhlenberg ; and his companion Schweinitz with Leconte.
“ 1815, Jan. S th ” (Inman), attack by the British on New Orleans repelled by the Americans
under Jackson. News soon arrived of the conclusion of peace on the preceding “ Dec. 24th”
at Ghent.
“ March 1 s t ” (Maunder), return of Napoleon from Elba to France. “ June i8th, Sunday,”
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo; and soon afterwards, exiled to St. Helena.
“ The same year ” (Nicol ), Alexander now “ king of Poland,” thus uniting Poland with Russia.
“ In this y e a r ” (Dallet 273), Second persecution of Christians in Corea.
“ The same y e a r ” (Maunder), by the English, a missionary station first established in New
Zealand.
In this year (W in ck l), Muhlenberg writing his Descript, gram., enumerating f Cyperus
eryihrorhizos, Hemicarpha subsquarrosa, Cladium mariscoides; Carex decomposita, foenea, polymorpha
j Vilfa vagincefiora, Eragrostis? uniflora, Muhlenbergia sobolifera, M. sylvatica, Eaienia
Pennsylvanica, Poa brevifolia, P . flexuosa, Panicum microcarpon, P. verrucosum, Glyceria obtusa.
Cyperus dentatus. — He died “ before the close of the year,” leaving in his herbarium specimens of
Boykinia aconitifolia, A ln u s maritima. Poly taenia tenuifolia. — His Descript, gram, was published
“ in 1817.”
In the autumn (Baldw. rel. 184), Nuttall visiting Savannah, and continuing his explorations as
far as Natchez and New Orleans (gen. p. 57), meeting with Aristida tuberculosa, Danthonia sericea.
“ October” (title-page and pref.), William P. C. Barton publishing his Flor. Philadelp. prodr., a
catalogue of plants “ collected since the month of April, 1814.”
“ 1S16 A. D .” (Inman), the territory of Indiana admitted into the Union as a State.
“ June loth ” (Humb. cosm. iv. p. 145), eclipse, remarkable for the disappearance of the disk of
the moon, w hich was not visible from London even with telescopes. (Probably the one witnessed
by myself while a boy at Salem : the moon rose eclipsed, and the assembled company were looking for
it in vain, when suddenly a bright star made its appearance several degrees above the horizon, the
moon’s disk emerging.)
“ Aug. 27th” (.Maunder), Algiers attacked by an English fleet under Exmouth; partially
destroyed ; and on Sept. ist, all the Christian slaves released.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., ancl W inck l), after his Flor. Lips, “ in 1790,” J. C. G. Baumgarten
publishing his Stirp. Transilvan.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Auguste Saint-Hilaire visiting Brazil.— He remained there and in
Paraguay “ until 1822,” and returning, published his Plant, usuelles Bras. “ in 1824,” and Flor. Bras,
“ in 1825-32.”
* Xanthium macrocarpum of North America. Transported to Europe, and from this year
naturalized in Languedoc— (Dec. fl. fr. suppl. 356); extending thence into Piedmont and Lombardy
(Moretti, and Balb.), and observed by Ledebour rare in Southeastern Russia. Westward,
observed by myself wild along the banks of the Ohio ; by Berlandier in Mexico ; and the Xanthium
“ four feet high ” seen by Chapman in or near Florida, may be compared. X. macrocarpum according
to A. Decandolle was observed by Dombey in Peru, and occurs also at Buenos-Ayres.
t Juncus Muhlenbergii at Xmtr\Q.a. The “ juncus no 15 ” of Muhlenberg gram.,—
named by Sprengel, is probably the “ j. dichotomus” observed by Elliot in South Carolina, or “ j.
viviparus ” observed by Conrad in peninsular New Jersey, as well as by myself frequent in the
environs of Salem : according to A. Gray, it grows in “ Canada,” and from “ Northern New England
to Virginia, and southward,” and perhaps in Wisconsin.
“ Dec. 6th” (reliq. 174-86 and 343), after visiting the Bermudas in “ May 1815,” Baldwin “ in
a packet from St. Mary’s ” arriving at Fernandina, and proceeding farther South in Florida, meeting
with Stellaria prostrata 192, Xyris fimbriata 210, — and on another excursion in the following year
as far as New Smyrna.
“ 1817 A. D.” (Inman), the territory of Mississippi divided, and its Western portion admitted
into the Union as the State of Mississippi.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Joh. Jak. Römer and Jos. Aug. Schultes publishing their Systema
vegetabil.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Karl Ad. Agardh publishing his Synops. algar. scan.
“ The same year ” (Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. p. 1 19), Kadu, a native of Ulea in the Carolines, found
by Kotzebue upon Aur in the Radack coral-archipelago; having “ been driven in a canoe with three”
companions “ nearly fifteen hundred miles due east.” Chamisso * accompanying Kotzebue to Oahu
late in this as well as in the preceding year (Mann).
A t this time (Nutt. gen. 35, and B. r. 292), Isaac Cleaver in the environs of Philadelphia, meeting
with Cyperus Cleaveri.
“ In this y e a r ” (reliq, Baldw. 202-48), Stephen Elliot publishing the first four numbers of his
sketch bot. S. Carol, and Georgia, enumerating in these and the succeeding numbers Desmodium
rigidum, Ludwigia sphcerocarpa, Schweinitzia odorata, Sabbatia brachiata, Aristida gracilis, Paspalum
fluitans, Panicum amarum, Andropogon argenteus, Carex comosa, Nabalus Frazeri, Diplo-
pappus obovatus, Boltonia diffusa, Utricularia bipartita, Eragrostis conferta, E . nitida, Tricuspis
ambigua, Festuca parviflora : — his Second and concluding volume “ in 1824.”
“ To this year ” (title-page), Nuttall’s Genera and Catalogue of the .species of N. American plants
extends, including Anychia capillacea. — The work was ijublished “ in 1818.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Martius travelling in Brazil. — He remained “ until 1820,” and commenced
publishing his Palms “ in 1823,” and Flor. Brazil “ in 1829.”
“ 1818 A. D .” (Inman), the territory of Illinois admitted into the Union as the “ twenty-second”
State.
“ In this year ” (Pritzel), Conrad Loddiges publishing his Botanical Cabinet, coloured plates of
plants — “ two thousand” in all down to the Twentieth volume “ in 1833.”
“ In this y e a r ” (W in c k l) , Bonpland appointed professor at Paraguay : f — he proceeded there
“ in 1820.”
“ In this y e a r ” (W in ck l) , Wallich at Calcutta publishing his Rar. plant. Ind. — His Plant,
asiat, rar. was published in London “ in 1S30-2.”
“ Oct. gth ” (Maunder), evacuation of French territory determined on by the. congress at Aix-la-
Chapelle ; and before the close of the year, the foreign troops withdrawn.
“ 1819, June n th ” (B, r. 252 to 321), after visiting Rio Janeiro and the La Plata “ Jan. 29th to
May 4th, i8i8,” St. Salvador ■* May 29th to June 5th,” Margarita “ 23-5111,” Baldwin at St. Louis on
Long’s Expedition, meeting with Astragalus Mexicanus. He died “ Sept. i s t ” at Franklin ; — and a
portion of his Botanical correspondence was published by Darlington “ in 1S43.”
“ August ” (Humb. cosm. iv), the return of a comet after a short period of revolution, “ 1204 days ”
only, ascertained by Encke. — Five other interior comets, those of Biela, Faye, De Vico, Brorsen,
and D ’Arres.t, were discovered “ between 1826 and 1S51.”
“ Au gu s t” (Mann), Gaudichaud accompanying Freycinet to the Hawaiian Islands. — He made a
second visit in ■' 1836.”
“ Dec. 17th ” (Maunder), after a victory over the Spaniards by Bolivar dictator of Venezuela,
union with New Grenada under the name of Colombia.
“ In this y e a r ” (biogr. mem.), Nuttall travelling from the Mississippi along the Arkansas river,
to Salt Lake river and across to the confluence of the Kiameska and Red river, meeting with J Phacelia
glabra, P . hirsuta. — Returning, he reached New Orleans “ Feb. 18th, 1820.”
* Esclioltzia Californica of North California. Discovered there by Chamisso. — Transported to
Europe and already naturalized around Angers in “ 1850” (A. Dec.)
f Osbeckia princeps of the Cape Verd Islands. Observed by Bonpland pl. in B r a z i l ;— but
according to Naudiii fl. Nigr. 130, brought there by imported Negroes (A. Dec.).
t Coreopsis tinctoria of the unwooded central and Western portion of North America. Discovered
by Nuttall far up the Arkansas. — From seeds brought by him, cultivated, soon becoming a
favourite garden flower; was observed by myself in 1838 in Brazil, at the window of a dwelling in the
midst of the gorgeous vegetation investing the Organ Mountains; about the same time by Graham
in Hindustan, “ common in gardens ” and found by Law “ almost naturalized about Belgaum.”
„« . i l l ! l i fe
i