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. . » i i ' S l : + + + + + + ; % t t ” " " “ ¡»S >'» G e r „ „ „ ,he E |.,„ . „ d
f T / Z '! 'rí 0"' ft"®®" i attention U ti nÍdfrUe0r|ft''r0 "°‘"'>‘Lstanding the disappearance of the animal, thfreo mw obredi nE» rcleea”r liyl retained in French dictionaries, a record of the extinction of an idea (see Bos urus)
. Lycopus vu/garzs of Northern climates. The Gauls are described by Caesar bell »all v la as
ii° U: + v ’ ""0/ U. aUcc/odrdiinng/ oto pPVlm ^y ^x xii. 2, tlie BriTtish" m ft‘a"t°ro fnt‘'s® fta'' n®d" ®b”r’'i®d"e “p reparin» t^o" rwoaellkl. Bnaukrecdli g?in.
certain religious ceremonies, smear the whole body with “ glastum ” so as to i/ita te the cllour of Ethiopians - the two names are evidently translations, one from the other: L. vulo-aris accordin» to « IS calledgtpscy-wori, because those people “ colour themselves black with this herbe ” rPrilrf - dZ}e T(LImdTl.). TL. vu0lg aris is descr0ib®e’d f tfbt"y™ ®M“a tthioli p. 711, and Pluke>n^et- -nai mto mnli Te/nUr -g ioc ot^dvX lal
‘ I. palustris glaber” by Tournefort inst.L pr ; was oUJerled by To ska/ / S arU ill and s
B iot., and \Vats.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, from the Pelononnesus to
Smyrna and Constantinople, troublesome in gardens ; and is known to grow a lo n U h e X r ,-^n n U iU
ams and throughout Siberia as far as China (Gmel., Bieb., and Lindl.)." Farther"East w U UbsUved
tthhi0/ULgh,ho0UUt CC anad, a and o°uftr 4At0lan"t®ic"’ "S"lafit es as far ‘aos SFrolowr idfrao m(E ltlh,,e NSuatstk atDcrhuamwman ’aAn d GArrakva nasnads
' ' “ “ t t t o R . . L t o f l l . , , „CC* to „ , e S .u „ .e é ¿ . „ ¡ . p l t o + r + r ó Z S
to. 2 1 .1 ‘g+ 5 + , + + + " ' “ "" “ P " » " “ t t < W to,o B r tttk A.CI "In f t . .¡ .„ p ..
PtaTUgftft' fi Clint.), death of M. L. Crassus, defeated beyond the Euphrates by the
r i i e S a s s / ^ X r x / x r r / ^
/ U o U / t / s U V d / ^ ' " ' “ ^’ ft’“ ^®^^*" "ft i e s s e r X n e i : / ’/
U U a v ‘” f p / h / ’ / /-"ft'ró "fi®'- 4 death of P. Clodius, Pompey created sole consul.
íhUs/u/mpL/u/; ituri T £ b ® / ® T “ 0 ’ 0 Z r T Z Z ft-ft®™™"““ ""- She also founded the temple at D enlera.
to r« .,to + „to .J „+ + Z i+ L 7 z(rz+ j'’',5^ ‘"■ta”" “ P.
Hardly Later than this date, the medical sect of Methodici founded by Themison a nunil of
tZowaird°s tnre +grou7nd — (P+lm7. x5xv:. +39)', 'o“r t',h'fe “ arnoglössö*n t mteipkpro)n ”» „hpav»in, », a¿czco.r„di n^»to„ 7D,io7sc+or,i,d+es
narrower softer smoother and more delicate leaves, its stem angular inclinUT o t Ids / UormU
flowers pale yellowish and seed at the top of the stem, is referred here by SibthoT and Fra"as P
lagopus was observed by them, and Chaubard, abounding in dry sunny sitL tions fro’m the UTonon'
PTaiTtar . aTndf I T. lLagoTpu s was fotb/s®er’v"e di Tb*y® R®au wolf 6 ‘i>n'® S“y™riaf i-b“v' D®>e"li™le" ha”r m.-ms rTl erUoi,*irtre d* /+T n^
Westward, the “ arnögriössön ” is identified in the Syn. Dtot ’ wit t Í “‘JT t a » 0 £ t ’’ X Í
Tt)} ZloiinineefoLrt mTstr. 1Z27, tanZd isT kno wn to grow "mf t'Scpf a- m“ fta' nd *S®o'™u®th®eftr n“ fFi-r a"n"c/et f(PioerLs., paanndi cBTorsy l) a/i
trictOT H a T v tp /r T t ‘he Sabine disf
r . to , i i+U r^ r
w i H , h e . h e * . . h t o . . c t o t i v t o e p i e Z ZNZN t h e e a v m a » „ e a u m e r a . e d a m o a , e a l t l v a t e e l p l a n t , i n t h e C a p i t n l a n i a o f C h „ l e + g „ e , a n d J s a Í n i
throughout twofrhirds of the Subarctic circuit of the Globe. Wes’tward from Gre°ece'
brathjs is mentioned by Scribonius Largus 154 is identified bv Plin» yg.-i o, i ■ c'
continues to be cultivated in Britain ; is clescribed by Bauhin . . . ; and is known ‘o
mountains of Italy and as far as Portugal and middle Europe (Pers., Daub., and Lenz). Oil of
T i n ” accordili» to Lindley “ is a powerful local stimulant, acting when applied to the skin as a rubefacient
and vesfcant,” and though dangerous and uncertain when swallowed, is employed in fema
coraplain«^ /T U T U y o ïI a n ,’ '«t ye">- « Y /ian -ti or Hiao-youan-ti, of the H an ” or Seventh
^ f t '" T / £ / T T L E u r L f a n d the adjoining portion of Asia C"U®fi0 "
in a manuscript óf the Fourteenth century “ szerlock,” m Scotland skelloch, n cunent English
callock or carlock or charlock or w ild m ustard (Prior), in Greece “ lampsane or - lapsana, 4 " ^ h
we reco»nize the “ lapsana” on which Caesar’s army was obliged to live at Dyrrachium (I linrf,
and the"“ lampsane ” of Dioscorides, a wild potherb whose stem and leaves are ®°°0 fi " T ®"‘®
and are more nutritious than “ lapathou : ” S. arvensis was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorig fiequent
from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus. Farther South, the ‘ lampsane is identified m t ^
T n D iosc with the “ ëuthmôi ” of the Egyptians. Westward, with the napioum of the Romans
the “ lampsana” or “ lapsana” is mentioned by Varrò ii. 16, and Columel a, by Celsus as esculuit,
and b / h n y XX. 37 as among “ silvestres brassicas,” a foot high with hairy leaves/losely resembhng
those of “ nlpi - ” S. arvensis is described by Matthioli (Spreng.); is termed s arvense præcox
s T in e n iU o ’’ by Tournefort inst. 227 ; was observed by Gussone ii. p. 202 ,n Stc.ly, X T T T
to occur fn waste and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dam p
I T pU s and A D ec.). By Eulopean colonists, was carried to Northeast America where tt has
X m e a ’weed in grain-fields ; and to the Mauritius Islands, observed by Bojer naturalized.
T iZ aZ Z Z in cal of the hiediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ vrouva” or “ lahama tou
vounôu ” (Fraas) or “ lapsana tôu vôunôu ” (Sibth.), and the “ lampsane m quefrion - is referred
here by Fraas : S. incana was observed by him frequent m Greece. Westu-ard is described by
H erm an parad. pl. n S i - known to grow in Switzerland, France, Spam, and Portugal
9th ” (Blair, Clint., and Sm. b. d.), Pompey defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia in Thessaly,
and sailin"g to Egypt, put to death “ Sept. 29th ” by the guardians of the young Ptolemy XII. ; then
en»aged in war with the expelled Cleopatra at Pelusium.
" “ In autumn ” (Clint, iv. p. 274), the Cilician era o f Aegae. “ 47 U n u ary’l (Blair, Clint., and Sm, b. d ), Mithridates of Pergamus w.th an army from
Cilicia U d Syria having reached Pelusium, landing of Caesar; who joining forces defeated the Egyp-
T s u r e r Ptolemy X II., and obtained full possession of Alexandria. Caesar next proceeded o
zlla in Pontus, where he defeated Pharnaces II. ; and returning in “ July to Rome, was made
" " " " T /m b e r ’’ (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, O. Fufius Calenus and P. Vatinius appointed consuls for
the remainder of the year by the dictator Caesar. The poet Catullus at this time writing (carm. S3
T L mughus of middle Europe. The torch-pine of the French; the TEDA 0 0 " * -
Vir»il »eor ii. 431, Ovid, and Juvenal, described by Pliny xvi. 19 to 30 as growing on the mountains,
mo/e abou n d in g^ resinous juice than other pines, and used for fire and T Z f r i a
may therefore be compared : P. mughus is known to grow on the Alps, fiom Switzerland Austria
and Silesia (Jacq. rar. i. pl. 193, Pers., A. Dec., and Daub.). “ P. pumil.o, regarded as not distinct,
‘ “ . f r + T + Z b ' r a + n d C to,.). co.toctod by C ™ , ,to-o„h to . Vd of
Sosigenes of Alexandria : and this so /a lled “ Year of contusion ” made to consist of fifteen months
"®"®'L“ U"T.®®Lppian, and C lint), after his victory in Spain, Caesar made “ dictator for life and
consul for ten years” an appointment soon followed by his death by the hands of conspira ora. In
T h o n o U theUnonlh Quinlilis received the name of “ Julius ” through the surviving consul Antony
*''~’°Dlparture of Cleopatra from Rome after the death of Caesar (Cic., and Chnt. 111 p. 3 9 0 -
“ 43 B. C.” (Sen. ep. 91, and Clint, iv. p. 4 '). by Plancus, a Roman colony established at LUg,-
dunum in Gaul (the founding of the city of Lyons). =„i r Vihins Pnnsa
“ April ” (Sueton,, Tac., and Sm. biogr. diet.), battle at Mutina. The consul C. Vibius Pansa
dvin» of his wounds, his physician Glycon was imprisoned on suspicion. „
^ T T l o c h ia ionga of the Mediten-anean countries and middle Asia. Called ^ e -® ,.“ " 0 0 0
klathoriza,” in which we recognize the “ aristolochia clematitis and its s a n i entoiurn used by
ointment-makers according to Glycon - (Scribon. Larg. f"fi 0 X ? ? ? !
observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus. Westward, a kind of aristolochia called
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