CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
Euphorbia salicifolia of Central and Eastern Europe. Distinguished by Host syn. 267 as
observed in Austria, — and known to grow as far as Central and Eastern France (A. Dec.); observed
by Waldstein and Kitaibel pl. 55 in Hungary (Pers.). In Britain, has maintained itself more than
forty years on a point of Scotland, but does not appear to spread around (Lawson, and A. Dec.).
“ E. agraria” of Bieberstein as well as “ E. segetalis” of Pallas are regarded as not distinct (Steud.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), A. B. Lambert publishing his gen. Cinchona.
In this year (Spreng., and Pers. ii. p. 272), Poiret preparing the fifth volume of the Diet,
encycl. bot., enumerating Polygala ramosa, Aristida purpurascens. Ranunculus recurvatus, Smtla-
ci'ta ciliata, Erigeron ? longifolium viii. p. 480- — The concluding volume was issued “ in 1808.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Act. linn. soc. vii. 96), Rudge publishing descriptions of Carices, including Carex
ovata.
“ In this year ” (Pursh), John Abbot publishing his Lepidopt. insects of Georgia.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith), Andrews publishing his Bot. R ep os ,* enumerating Gentiana
Andrewsii, — completed in ten volumes.
“ The same year ” (Kobell iv.), after discovering the peculiar metal chromium, its presence m an
ore of iron in sufficient quantity to be of use in the arts, ascertained by Vauquelin.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. p. 145), Searle Island in the Paumotuan coral-
archipelago discovered by Wilson; and found deserted, though there were traces of its having been
visited . “ Thirty years later,” a scanty population was found on the island by B ee ch e y : and this
continued when visited by our expedition in 1839. , c , i t a
“ 179S, June” (Holmes), an act, To authorize the defence of merchant vessels of the United
States against French depredations. And “ July 13th,” by President Adams, Washington appointed
commander in chief of the defensive army: the appointment was accepted.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), L. A. G. Bose residing in Charleston, examining especially the grasses
and fungi, and meeting with Hydrocharis [Limnobium) spongia, Panicum autumnale, Drosera cafil-
laris (Baldw. 75), Phalaris intermedia (Baldw. 141, and Chapm.). ^
In this year (Act. linn. soc. viii. 303), Salisbury describing Trollius laxus of North America (Ph.).
“ July 1 s t ” (Thiers, and Ryme), after overthrowing the independence of Malta, landing of Bonaparte
with a French army near Alexandria. Obtaining possession, — the French held Egypt more
than three years. , . n
“ Aug. 1 s t” (Maunder), naval combat in the Bay of Aboukir; the French fleet defeated by the
Englisli under Nelson.
“ In this y ear” (J. E. Smith), Desfontaines publishing his Flor. Atlant. — The work was completed
“ in 1800 ” (Winckl.). J , TI i * •
Arabis albida of mountain-summits around the Mediterranean. Observed by Desfontaines on
Atlas and termed “ turritis v e r na (Bo i s s i e r ) ; by Lemann, on Madeira; by Webb, between “ seven
and nine thousand fe e t” on the Canaries ; by Gussone, on S ic ily ; by Ledebour, in the Crimea, and
on Caucasus and the Talush mountains: was received by A. Richard from the elevation of “ ten thousand
feet ” in Abyssinia, agreeing with fig. 71 in Jacquin f. ecloge (A. Dec.). fo. . , ,
Orchis longicornis of the Mediterranean countries. Observed by Desfontaines pl. 246 m shaded
situations i n A ige ria— (Pers.); by Sibthorp, in the Peloponnesus. . . , ,
J u n c u s F o i i t a n e s i i o f the Mediterranean countries. A rush — distinguished by Gay : observed
by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. ^
Carex distachya of the Mediterranean countries. Observed £ Desfontaines atl. pl. 2 in B a fo re y ;
— by Chaubard, in grassy places in the Peloponnesus; known to grow also on the Alps at Salsburg
(Schkuhr 36. t. G. f. 33, and Pers.). , -ri
“ In this y e a r ” (W in ck l) , A. F. Link and Hoffmannsegg visiting Spam and Portugal. — ih e y
published their Flor. portugaise “ in 1809-14.”
Ophrys bombylifera of the Mediterranean countries. De.scribed by L in k ,— and known to grow
in Portugal (Pers.): observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. ^
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Gaetano Savi publishing his Flor. p isan .; — “ in 1808-15,” his Botan.
etrusc. . , „ Not later than this year (see Spreng.), Hamilton-Buchanan accompanying the embassy ot Symes
to Ava.
* Acacia longifolia of Australia. Known to grow wild there (A. Dec.). Transported to Lurope,
is described by Andrews pl. 20, — Willdenow, Poiret, and Ventenat pl. 6 (Pers., and Steud.). By
European colonists was carried to St. Helena, where it has become abundantly naturalized (Semnan).
Acacia stricta of Australia. Transported to Europe, described by Andrews pl, 53, - - and Desfontaines
(Pers., and Steud.). By European colonists, was carried to Hindustan, where it continues
“ thickly sown and planted inthe neighbourhood of Ootacamund” for firewood (Morgan, and Drury).
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 1051
Torenia parviflora of Madagascar and the Mauritius Islands. Observed by Hamilton-Buchanan
in Southern Hindustan — (Benth ), and known to occur also in Burmah (herb. Dec.). Westward, is
termed “ nortenia Thouarsii ” by Cham, and Schlect. as growing on Madagascar and the Mauritius
Islands. By European colonists, was carried to Brazil and Guayana (A. Dec.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh), Jacquin publishing the Third volume of his Hort. Schoenbr., enumerat-
ing Cyperus speciosus.
“ In this y e a r ” (W. sp. pi. iv. 183), Willdenow describing plants in Act. berol., including Chara
foliolosa from Muhlenberg.
Najas Indica of Hindustan. Received from Tranquebar and described in this year by Willdenow
act. berol. i. f. 3 ; — growing also according to Bory on the Mauritius Islands (Kunth enum. iii.
114, and A. Dec.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Joh. Christoph Wendland publishing his Ericarum icon., — the seventeenth
and last fascic. “ in 1806.”
“ 1 7 9 9 , Feb. loth ” (Holmes), the French frigate Insurgente of “ forty-four” guns, captured by
the Constellation under Truxton. The American navy in this year consisting of “ forty-two vessels,
carrying nine hundred and fifty guns.”
“ Aug. 29th” (N ico l) , death in France of the captive pope Pius V I . He was succeeded at
Rome by Pius V I I., ninety-seventh pope.
Euphorbia calenduloefolia of . . . . Discovered by Delile, occurring as a weed in cultivated
fields near Cairo. — Its native country remains unascertained.
“ Oct. 13th” (Maunder), arrival from Egypt of Bonaparte at Frejus in France. “ Nov 9th,” he
drove out the Legislature at the point of the bayonet, and abolished the constitution “ of the third
year.” The Directory was declared extinct, and a new constitution formed, vesting the executive
power in three consuls ; Bonaparte was made first consul.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Jak. Sturm publishing his Deutschlands flora.
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), Willdenow publishing the Second volume of his Sp. plant.
Nov. loth ( . . . . ) , meteoric shower witnessed by Humboldt and Bonpland shortly after their
arrival on the Northern coast of South America. In traversing this portion of the continent from the
Orinoco to the Magdalena, they met with Quercus Humboldtii, and Q. Tolimensis, in New Granada*
(Brendel).
“ Dec. 14th ” (Holmes), death of Washington.
“ 1800 A. D .” (Holmes), removal of the seat of government into a slave State, to Washington
city on the Potomac. The more prominent Northerners now took one another out of the way, and
their pla.ces were filled by slaveholders, and Emancipation was effectually arrested.
“ The same y e a r ” (Plolmes), vaccination introduced into America by Benjamin Waterhouse of
Cambridge.
“ In this y e a r ” (suppl. Sibth.), J. E. Smith publishing his Flora Britannica.f And as early perhaps
wrongly including among British plants S a lix petiolaris.
* Mikania giiaco of the banks of the Magdalena. An herbaceous vine, regarded as a remedy
for the bites of venomous serpents : observed by Humboldt and Bonpland æq. ii. pl. 105 in hot damp
places along the Magdalena — (Steud., and Lindl).
Nelsonia canescens of Equatorial Africa. An Acanthaceous plant observed by Humboldt and
Bonpland in Tropical America (Steud.). Known to grow at Fazohkel and in other parts of Equatorial
Africa — (Nees in Dec. prodr. xi). Occurring also in Australia; but probably by European colonists
carried to the West Indies and Columbia (H. and Bonpl. and A. Dec.).
Telanthera maritima of the shores of Tropical America. Observed there by Humboldt and
Bonpland (Steud.); — known to grow in the West Indies and Brazil (A. Dec.), and in “ South Florid
a ” (Chapm.). From transported specimens, described by Willdenow (Steud.). Occurring also
on the opposite African coast, at Oware (Moq ), and in Guinea (fl. Nigr.), probably transported by
the ocean currents.
Iresine aggregala of the shores of Tropical America. Observed there by Humboldt and Bonpland
(Steu d .);— known to grow from Cuba to Bahia (A. Dec.), and from transported specimens
described by Willdenow (Steud.). Occurring also on the opposite African coast, in Senegambia (A.
Dec.), probably transported by the ocean currents.
f Rosa micrantha of Western Europe. The small-flowered sweet-briar distinguished by Smith
on account of its deciduous calyx-lobes. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America,
— has been found in “ Eastern New England, naturalized” (A. Gray).
Carex lævigata of Western Europe. Observed by Smith iii. 1005, in Britain ; — described also
by Schkuhr t. 2. f. S3, t. Bbb. f. 116, t. Sss. f. 162; and known to grow in marshes in middle Europe
(Pers.). We.stward, was received by Dewey from Massachusetts and termed “ c. Greeniana,” is
enumerated by J. Carey as “ introduced ? ”
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