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(Scop., v iU H o ff / : z i I T Z Z T T Z t Z
phrastus i. 14. 2 to vi. i, , - l U ! Z U l ,U i r , . according to Theopared;
the “ blue-flowered jasmine ” of ill 1^1 P'^nts, may be com-
Parkinson: S. vulaaris was Observed bv Z h (Ebn Serap. 176), is referred here by
of Greece (Smith in Rees cycl ) ■ bv Forsk 1 U " T "“ T ‘ Haemus, but not within the limits
E ia p . (pAi,.,op,. + . S i ’+ 7 ; ;7 ; x + y i S " r ’ ' " r ’ >■; « p ’™
i s t e r m e d “ l i l a c v u l g a r i s ” b y L a m a r c k i l l n l r n Z 1 M a t t h , o i l f r o m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e t o I t a l y ;
in middle Europe (Pers ) B v Eurone 1' J in ’ • T ® + and naturalized,
succeed (in conformity with its rareness i Charleston I was assured does not
.0 Lindley “ is sin J Hr y b t e V ! tlZut n
. “ a rem a rL b ly good to J c r o d l e S j ’U and an extract is regarded by Curveiller a"s
p h M f + , r ' f ; ' y t + r “ 7 T h . » . . i P K H o f T . , . o - '
props and for burning U is r l w U i e r ! I f ^ ^ ^ * * * 6 for stakes or
in the Peloponnesus"’ Westward is d e s c r f o Z T observed by Gittard
Spain, and L the Adas J o i n t l y ( l i j f " ’ '®
(Gneb), in France “ vaciet ” (Nuaenf) i nl t a l v “ hsrr 1 » ' 1 ■ f Germany “ heidelbeere ”
T H C : I A H C according to T j o p " S t J !ii U . 6 / ! U ‘ ' " ’' Z f ( - d the A M H E A 0 C :
berries as large as a KYAMOC the leaves smnll ^1 shrub with lateral sweet black
writers: V. myrtillus was o+ e rv ’er iZ Z f f i s s u r e d , - i s referred here by
( r M Z Z Z Z A f Z o f f e Z ‘' T ' ’ " ” t t " ' " ~OT-//y
Saxon leechbook i 5, seems to b e lo J / J I “ ram geallan ” of the Anglotan
s ” byTournefort in s f c V a id fo k n Z ; ">'";P'’ *°Z®® ^ termed “ nymphoides aquis inna-
(fl. D a n / l . 339, and r u J ) J f l o J I a 1 U - Unmaric
plish beneath? Ind its stems contL ie in le d T ' ‘ ° “ "''® P^'--
“ campanilla,” in Portuo-al “ verdeiilla ” J J T r +®d.terranean countries. Called in Spain
the lACIQNHC of Th Jp hn istu s i. 13. 2 to e l l i i 'Z s Z T horton ” (Sibth.); and
plant is near and its lily-like flower monopetalous with nnt ‘'®®P?» , ° ? die ground when no otlier
summit, — may be compared ■ C alth-enirlf u “M + ^ guH r indications of separation at the
E g ; p . ; ' b p F . b k . , X ? S . . , , b 7 r + r . i r : c t , 7 “ ' ' " ' , " r
the Peloponnesus to the Marmora shor’e and ’Asia Minor ■’ t l ° ’""®
and is sometimes called “ concilium,” its leaf being so implicated as to seem several : C. althæoides
is termed “ c. peregrinus” by Clusius (Lobel hist. 340), “ c. argenteus elegantissimus foliis tenuiter
incisis ” by Tournefort inst. 85 ; was observed by Tenore in Italy (Steud.), by myself on Malta : and
is known to grow near Mogador in Morocco, and on the Canary Islands (A. Dec.). Probably by
European colonists was carried to Madeira; and to North America, observed by Nuttall along the
Red and Arkansas rivers. Its roots according to L. Deslongchamps “ contain a purgative resin ”
(Lindi.).
Heliotropium supinum of the Mediterranean couiitries. The H A I OT POfl I 0 N of Theojihrastus
vii. 3. I to 8 . r and 15. t, Eni rEIOKAYAA prostrate, having persistent leaves, and at the time of the
solstice flowering from below upwards, — may be compared : the “ ëëlioiô trôpais ërnôs ” is mentioned
by Nicander ther. 677 to 885 ; and the “ ëliôtrôpiôn mikron ” of Dioscorides, having round fruit, and
called “ skôrpiôurôn ” in the added Synonyms, is referred here by Fraas ; FI. supinum was observed
by Tournefort trav. i. pl. 85, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in moist places especially
maritime from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands; by Forskal p. 39, and Delile, from
Alexandria to Cairo. Westward, is termed “ h. minus supinum ” by Tournefort inst. 139; and is
known to grow in Barbary, near Salmantica, and on the Mediterranean shore of France (Pers.).
Cerinthe aspera of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ nërôlahana” or “ nërôu-
lakia ” (Fraas) or “ skalizônaki ” .or “ palathrakoulia ” (Sibth.) ; and the KHPIN0 ON of Theophrastus
vi. 7 — is referred here by writers : C. aspera was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas,
frequent from the Peloponnesus to mount Athos. Westward, the “ cerintha ” is mentioned by Virgil
georg. iv. 63; by Pliny xxi. 41 as “ folio candido incurvo cubitalis capite concavo mellis succum
habente : ” C. aspera is termed “ c. quorundam major spinoso folio flavo flore ” by Tournefort inst.
80 ; was observed by Flogg on Sicily ; and is known to grow in various parts of Southern Europe
(Pers.).
Cerinthe minor of the East Mediterranean countries. Included perhaps in the “ kerinthôn,”
mentioned as vernal by Theophrastus, — according to Fraas : C. minor was observed by Forskal,
Sibthorp, and Fraas, in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople, and especially in
vineyards in the spring. Westward, the “ cerintha” of Virgil, and Pliny, is referred here by Lenz;
C. minor is termed “ c. quorundam minor flavo flore ” by Tournefort inst. 80 ; was observed by Lenz
in Italy; and is known to grow in Styria, Austria, and as far North as Jena (Jacq. austr. pl. 124, and
Pers.).
Lycium Barbarum of Barbary A weak-stemmed shrub with long trailing branches slightly
thorny; and the PAM N 0 C: M EA AC agreeing with the other kind according to Theophrastus iii. 18.
2 in having thorns, but differing in the fruit, — may be compared : the “ ramnos tritë mëlantëra ” is
described by Dioscorides as having twigs five cubits long, and follicle-shaped fruit : L. Barbarum
was observed by Sibthorp on the island of Naxos. Westward, a “ silvestre nigrius ” kind of “ rham-
nos ” bearing “ veluti folliculos,” is mentioned by Pliny xxiv. 76 : L. Barbarum is described Sloan,
afric. pl. 349 (Pers.) ; was oliserved by Shaw trav. ii. in Barbary ; and is well known in the gardens
of Europe. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues to be
planted for trellis work, but according to A. Gray, is as “ jtet hardly spontaneous.” (See L. Europæum
and L. Afrum).
Orobanche cruenta oi the East Mediterranean countries. The A IM O A fi P 0 N of Theophrastus
viii. 8. 5 to caus. v. 15. 5, having a siiort simple stem and destroying fenugreek by growing on the
roots, — is referred here by Fraas: 0 . cruenta was observed by Sprunner near Nauplia on Lagoecia
cuminoides ; and by Fraas on fenugreek near Haliartus. Westward, is described by Bertoloni ; and
is knovvn to grow as far as Nortli Italy (Pollini, and Lenz).
Melissa officinalis of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain garden balm, in France
“ melisse” (Nugent), in Italy “ melissa ” or “ cedronella ” (Lenz), in Greece “ mëlissôvôtanôn ” or
“ mëlissôliôrtôn ” (S ib th .); in which we recognize the M E A I C C 0 <t Y A A 0 N of Theophrastus vi. i.
4, — named according to Dioscorides from bees delighting in it, also the “ mëlitëia” termed fragrant
by Theocritus iv. 25, “ mëliphullôn ” and “ mëlissôphutôn ” of Nicander ther. 554 to 677, “ mëlitaina ”
of Flesychius, and “ mëlittëôn ” of the Geoponica xv. 5. 4: the “ badrandschabuje,” a Persian name
according to Ebn Baitar, is referred here by Sontheimer: M. officinalis was observed by I'orskal in
gardens at Constantinople, and by him, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, wild in the environs and in
mountain woods as far as Parnassus and tlie Peloponnesus; by Hasselquist in Palestine, as well as
near Damietta; and “ spiritus melissæ ” is enumerated by Forskal mat. med. as used medicinally in
Egypt. Westward, tlie “ mëlissôphullôn ” is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the “ mërisëimôriôn ” of
tlie Gauls, and “ kitragó ” or “ apiaslrôuni ” of tlie Romans ; by Pliny xxi. 29 and 86 with the “ apias-
trum ” rubbed on hives to keep the bees from deserting; the “ apiastrum” is mentioned also by
Varrò iii. i 5, and Columella, and the “ inelisphyllum ” by Virgil geor. iv. 64 : M. officinalis is termed
“ m. hortensis ” by Tournefort inst. 193 ; is known to grow wild in Italy (Lenz), is besides cultivated
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