r i s m*'
ró
K
S'.,
ni„= Sibirica of the mountains of Siberia, Th e SARKOKOLLAEo f Scribo
+ + + + 7 ' + ' i"' f-wnc.,«,5„++)U+ ; xlfv 7 0 t U n Z 0 r I exudation of a tree growing in Persia, according to Pliny xiii. 20 and
. V, 78 the product of a tree said by some to be spiny, mentioned also by Galen and Paulus Ae»i
U o . r s u U d U ’^ / u r u " / f u "ft»-- a n 0 e / / / h / / d e s / f ;
f 70 a! the U-nr / f 0 f 0 •. ""ft™°®°' "ft “ "ft'ft""‘"ft“ ” mentioned i. 79 as the product of a spiny shrub with knotty branches, and was observed bbyy RFhoarszkesa,l bmya tM meseUd
i + tt 'ta " « ‘ 7 ‘ >■“ « . . + 1 I + a L + 'm ” i
U a d PaUas i 1 1 8 0 0 ' "ft“ ' "ft™"™"' Ammann pl.
ft'"-®--' *° ft^' ^•
_ Lopholaenta aurea of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ maithanon ton
vounou (Fraas) ; the S P 0 N D Y L I 0 N prescribed by Scribonius Largus ii. 5, — known to Pliny xii
Sbppreriteyn.) »by) 't\hTe tR' ohm/ Ran/s/, sm/ 'a‘y/ b^e c’o*m-p‘'a rUed". ’/ Ea“s tw™a rd, the “ sphon«t"hue dlio “n ”ë rivsa d reosuctriinbaeidis b”y (Droitouslcaorris
/b wVeeUn nthUoseU o/fV UplaZtaLnôf r 'a’n 0d 0 “" p"a n"afkto:u.s',f”t "fste'efid'” -ifntf t®t hreo ou?m b^etlesm s“ saë scëulbëiit’ ’-olirk em obruet hbTroglapd elera avneds
strong-scented, ‘ ôhra e lëuka ” milky or yellowish flowers yielding a juice which is collected "and nre
served; IS mentioned also by Asclepiades, and Galen; and is ide titled in s l i S o s c / Î U é
o “ "-^"ft^ftft” "ft “ nisnrls” o! '“ hU bth ar Î ”
Hyoscyamus aureus of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ inëlôhôrtarô ”
(F orsk .): the aLTERCVM identified with the YOCKYAMON of the Greeks and its seeds'and
/ nH0 r Scnbomus Largus 52 to 181, - “ aitercum” of the Arabs according to Pliny xxv
rreeulss UIS kknnoZwvn /"to" g"r ow m Italyf t’;(L/en "z")," a'n^dit hw raesd doibshse rsveeedds blyik eF o“rsirkiaoln iosn,” Mmaaylt ab.e cFoamrpthaerre dE : aÀst. athme
Mnd of uoskuamos having according to Dioscorides its flowers “ mèlinbëithë ” yellow and sleds
upoxanthon ” tawny like those of “ ërusimon,” is referred here by writers : H. au rU isT ’ternred Ur
fIrreeqluUenUt Uin Greece along walls afnt'd? am'oftn"fgt'f trftuft®bfbt°ifts‘h as fa”r a8s; “Tefni edoobsserved by Forskal, and Sibtliorp!
in / f t ° P ® ; 0 Northern Asia. Called in Britain ribwor-i or ribgr-ass (Prior),
sn / M X T "■■ “ piantaccine Ionga” (Lenz), in Greece “ pëntanëuron^
LEFMM iidd’ee nftfifii edI w0ith -0the° "D-"0-A fYt N 6“Y-‘*P'0'®N” by "Sftc®r iAbonngiluos- SaLxaorngu st ra1n2s l:.- A pPu. l. la98n,c eaonlda tath ei s N tEURmVeAd
plantago minor in Ortus sanitatis pl. 333, “ p. angustifolia major” by Tournefort inst i c y is
descrfoed also by Brunfels (Spreng. præf.) ; and is known to grow in Italy and throno'hout middle
and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Pers.l Hook,, and Wats.). E a stZ rd d e
b/ /yn' ÏaU al / Ul Ui b I L0 r0/ n d I Ch'"" 00 /ft‘ft ’f"tf"tftr°f®tft‘-ft fÜt'''f t^-f t®th’ rough0ou t° ftG*"rfete"cfet" an"d ’ tfht'e- 'G-"r®ee"k'" fiis"la -nadss oabs sefaUreads
/ 0 n» 0 t 0 0 0 "? -f ft" "No along the Taurian mountains and in the neighb(
IrF oRr Uci0a0 a0nodZ/ dU/ 0 " /0 Z" m^o’'"u''n"fttfat’ifnt s of Yem"ft"e®n' ; is knownfa rtot hoecrc uSro uatlhso, wina s Aobbyssesrivneiad (A. Kich., and A. D ec.), By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it con-
bnues a weed in waste ground throughout our Atlantic States (A. Gray, Chapm. and myself) and
has become naturalized. The plant according to Lindley “ has rather bitter astringent leave? and
roots and has been used with some otlier .species as an expectorant and vulnerary.”
\yee rmmifUf wgCfbh) rSsc0ri-bro nius Largus 140, — a"nbdn rdaitsetsin. guTishhee dF bI Ly I PCl iI nSy- Mxx Av Cii .E 5D5 0a Ns I “Co Ap tEi mpuremsc” ribbeesdt ains
T o0n?fo0H 0 " °U " re A- "®"Natum is termed “ lonchitis aculeata latioribus pinnulis” bv
0 0 0 0 ? a” ' "ft0 ft" g r o - throughout middle and Northern Europe (Engl, bot pl
t a /s of c U 0 0 Z -U " 0 0 0 0 ?ftft°? "round Constantinople and on Athos and other moiin-
n Z Z L 0 r Wes Ward from Europe, is known to grow in North America, in “ deep woods ” in
Northern New England and New York (A. Gray).
About this time ( = 29 + “ nearly 15 years,” Burton in Kitt. cycl. bibl.), leaving Antioch on his
I1 ratmnpDhhyrliiah oUnU hf e Sout1h0e"rn' -c-fot"'a®s®t ' o"f0 A0s ia Minor. ft" AGft.veprr uvsis iinti ncgo mthpea nnye igwhitbho uBrairnnga cboaus n; traineds othf ePnicseid itao
Lycaoni^ riiey returned by sea to Antioch ; where they “ abode long time ” (Acts xiv. 11 to 28).
44 A. D. (Sueton., Dio, and Clmt.), return of the emperor Claudius from Britain to Rome
“ In this year” (Abyss, chron., and C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Les succeeded by Za-Ma-
seuh, now king of A bpsinia. — He reigned “ s ix ” years.
“ 47 A. D .” (Tacit., Dio, and Clint.), the Roman general Vespasian in Britain; Corbulo having
charge in Gaul and Germany.
“ The same year ” ( = 33 - f “ 14 years ” of Galat. ii. i to 14, compare Acts xv. 4 and xii. 25),
Third visit of Paul to Jerusalem; where “ James, Cephas, and John” gave to him “ and Barnabas the
right hands of fellowship ; ” to go unto the uncircumcised. After returning to Antioch, and openly
rebuking Peter for concealing the fact that “ he did,eat with the Gentiles,” Paul set out on his Second
missionary tour; and proceeded with Silas through Cilicia and Asia Minor to Macedonia, Athens,
and Corinth ; where “ he continued a year and six months” (A cts xv. 41 to xviii. ii).
48, in “ the days of unleavened bread” (Acts xii. 3), “ James the brother of John” put to death
and Peter imprisoned, by Herod Agrippa. Who, before the close of “ this year” (Jos., and Clint.,
compare Acts xii. 23), was succeeded by his nephew Agrippa the younger as governor o f’judma.
49 A. D. = “ 9th year of Claudius,” in a Greek inscription at the Great Oasis — discovered by Floskins.
of thTe hleist toerr aAn. other Greek inscription of the same date (see Franz) presenting the followin» form
“ The same year ” ( = 52 — “ 3 years ” of' Acts xx. 31), arrival of Paul in Ephesus, on his Third missionary tour.
Under Claudius, a freedman of Annius Plocamus sailing along the Arabian coast driven by a
storm to the island of Taprobane ; where the sun rose on the left,'and the soil was carefully cultivated—
(Plin. vi. 24).
Jambosa Malaccensis of the Moluccas. The M alay apple is called in Tamil “ jambu-malacca ”
in Malayan “ jambu-kling ” or “ jambu-merah ” (J. F. Wats.), in Burmah “ tha-bvu-tha-byie ” (Mason’),
m Tagalo “ copcop” (Blanco); and the “ pom is” found by the freedman abundant on Taprobane —
(Plin.) may be compared: “ red jambu flowers ” and “ jambu fruit ” are mentioned in Karen dirges
(Mason p. 83) : J. Malaccensis has been long known in Hindustan; was observed by Rheede i."pl.
18 in Malabar; by Graham, “ common in gardens ” around Bombay; by W. Jones, Roxburrii and
Wight, under cultivation in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason v. 450, “ exotic” in Burmah" thriving
“ luxuriantly at Mergui.” Farther East, the “ jambos with dark red fruit ” is mentioned b? Nieuh
off; J. Malaccensis was not seen wild on Java by Blume; was observed on Sumatra by Marsden ;
by myself, under cultivation only throughout the Malayan archipelago; by Blanco, on the Philippines!
and termed by him “ eugenia montana ; ” by Rumphius i. 195, spontaneously growing on the Moluccas
(A. D ec.) ; by myself, a large tree cultivated and naturalized on the Feejeean, Samoan, Taheitian,
and Plawaiian islands ; by Foster, on the Hawaiian, and Marquesas islands. By Arab cllonists
was carried to Zanzibar, observed by myself on the Imaum’s plantation: by European colonists, wa?
earned to the Mauritius Islands (B o j). From transported specimens, is described in 1640 by
Parkinson. (See Hawaiian Islands.)
jari t“a bTlhese, saanmd eB yeenatrl. )=. beginning of the Twelfth manwantara ” among the Hindus — (Graha Mun“
Not earlier than the ist century A. D .” (D allet p. xii.), commencement of Corean history
Corea at this time divided into three States or kingdoms, Kao-Ii in the North and Northeast, Pet-si
in the West, and Sin-la in the Southeast, civil wars and contests between Kao-Ii and China’on the
one hand, and between Sin-la and Jajran on the other, — continuing more than ten centuries. Sin-Ia
ionf gSeinne-rlaa.l” m aintaining predominance, so that the period in question is sometimes termed the “ Dv' nastv'
“ so A. D. ( = 9th year of the war in Britain,” Tacit., and Clint.), after the defeat of the “ Iceni ”
(Exeter ?), Caractacus leader of the “ Silures ” (Salisbury ?) defeated and taken prisoner by the
Roman general Osorius.
Reseda phyteuma of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ ohestra” or “ ohrestra”
(Fraas) : the “ jfiiutguma ” with a long slender superficial root suitable according to some writers for
love-charms, — lurtlier described by Dioscorides as having leaves like “ strouthib ” but smaller, and
numerous perforated fruit, is referred here by Lobel adv. p. 320, and others : R. phyteuma was
observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in mountain-ravines from the Peloponnesus to mount Athos, its
leaves cooked and eaten. Westward, the “ phyteuma ” used for love-charms only, is mentioned by
J Imyxxvii. 99 ; R. phyteuma is described by Columna ecphr. i. p. 270; is termed “ r. minor vulgaris”
bPye rTs.o, uarnnde fSorptr einnsgt..) .4 23 ; and is known to grow in Austria and Southern France '( laco^ . austr 1Dh 012».
“ In this year” (Abyss, cliron., and C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Maseuh succeeded by Za-
Sutuwa, now king of Abyssinia. — H e reigned “ n in e” years.
“ In or about tliis year” (peripl. Eryth., and Major voy. ind.), Hippalus. commander of a vessel
61
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