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696 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
ton, and XVight, in other parts of Hindustan, and in medicinal use (Drur.). Westward, is known to
occur in Guinea, but clearly through human intervention was carried to Spain (Pers.) and Rostock
in Russia (Gmel. sib. iii. pl. 20).
291, Buchanan, Ro.xburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Bengal, in damp situations and by the side of
rice-fields, its roots and leaves employed medicinally ; by Mason, indigenous iu Burmah.
Barleria coerulea of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The “ artagala” or “ karbudara” of
Susrutas sutr. 6, — is referred here by Hessler : B. coerulea was observed by Roxburgh in Eastern
Hindustam; and by Mason, in Burmah : the “ wahitee” of the environs of Bombay, “ an unarnud
shrub” with large’beautiful blue flowers, is regarded by Graham as perhaps identical.
mudum,’
nochie” (Drur.), „ , . _ - .
Bisaya “ mopio” or “ panaptun” or “ alyopyop ” (Blanco): and the “ rushaka ” or “ vasaka ’ or
“ vrisha” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 44 to chik. 37, —is referred here by Hessler: J. vulgaris was
observedby Rheede ix. pl. 42 in Mal.abar ; by Nimmo, and Graham, in the Northern Concan as far
as Bombay, strong scented, the leaves preserving clothing from insects, used also by the natives in
intermittent fevers ; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Travancore, the leaves employed for
various medicinal purposes (Drur ); by Mason v. 434, “ indigenous ” in Burmah, but “ often planted for
borders in gardens ; ” in Java is considered a good emetic (Drur.) ; is known to occur also on
Amboyna (Rumph. iv. pl. 28, and Lindl.) ; was observed by Blanco frequent on the Philippine::,
employed in wounds and diseases of the throat, and on Zebu calleci “ mandalusa ” from being eaten
by the “ usa,” a species of deer.
Plumbago rosea of the Malayan archipelago. Perennial and shrubby, called in Sanscrit “ lal-
chitra,” in Hindustanee “ lal-cbita” (J. F. Wats.), in Bengalee “ rukto chita,” in Telinga “ yerra-
cithra moolum,” in Tamil “ shencodie vaylie ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ lal-chitra”
(Graham), in Burmah “ ken-khyoke-nee ” (Mason) ; and according to Hessler, one of the two kinds
of Plumbago mentioned by Susrutas chik. 17 : — P. rosea was observed by Rheede xii. pl. 9 in Malabar
; by Graham, “ in gardens common, and in flower tliroughout the year;” by Roxburgh, Ainslie,
and Drury, common in gardens, the root acrid and stimulating, sometimes employed in Bengal as an
acro-narcotic poison ; by Mason v. 432 to 789, “ exotic ” in Burmah, cultivated for the vesicatory
power of its root; by Horsfield, on Java, employed by the natives for blistering, also in ulcers, cutaneous
diseases, and rheumati.sm, is termed “ radix vesicatoria” by Rumphius v. pl. 168 as observed
on Ambovna (Lindl).
ArUtolochia Indica of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A twining £rubby
plant called in Bengalee “ eeshwur-mool ” (Lindl.), in Hindustanee “ isbarmul,” in Telinga “ ishvara-
veru ” or “ dula-govela,” in Malabar “ ishvaramiiri,” in. Tamil “ ich-churamuli ” or “ peru-marindu ”
or “ perum-kizhangu ” (Drur.), in Tagalo “ malaubi ” or from its balance-shaped old capsules “ tim-
bagan ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the “ isvara ” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 8 to kalp. 8 : —
A. Indica was observed by Rheede viii, ph 25 in Malabar; by Graham, on “ hills throughout the
Concan, not very common ; ” by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Travancore and Bengal, its
root nauseously bitter, employed medicinally and as an antidote in snake-bites (Drur.) ; by Loureiro
ii. 528, in Anam ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, employed medicinally ; and is termed “ radix pulo-
norica” by Rumphius v. pl. 177.
Basella alba of Tropical Eastern Asia. A twining herbaceous plant called in Sanscrit “ poo-
tika” or “ oopodaki ” (J. F. Wats.), in Hindustanee “ pol,” in Bengalee “ rukhto-pooi,” in Telinga
“ alla-batsalla ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ doodee ” or “ wahlea ” or “ myal-ke-bajee ”
(Graham), in Burmah “ gyen-baing ” (Mason), in Tagalo “ libato,” in Ylocano “ ylaibaquir ” (Blanco);
in which we recognize the “ potika” or “ upodika ” enumerated among potherbs by Susrutas sutr.
46, — mentioned also by Plarivansa 137 : B. alba was observed by Rlieede vii. pl. 24 in Malabar ; by
Graham, “ generally cultivated as spinage by the natives ; ” by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as far
as Bengal, “ cultivated in almost every part of the country,” and according to Faulkner sometimes
employed medicinally ; by Mason v. 472 to 780, “ exotic ” in Burmah, cultivated by the Burmese for
spinage ; by Loureiro, in Anam ; is known to occur in China (Pluk. aim. pl. 63, and Pers.) ; was
observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan, used for dyeing ; by Blanco, seemingly wild on the
Philippines and eaten by the natives ; by Rumphius v. 417 and pl. 154, on Amboyna (Pers.). “ b-
rubra, B. lucida,” and “ B. cordifolia,” are regarded as not distinct.
Tctranthera Roxburghii of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A Lauraceous tree
called in Telinga “ meda” (Ell.), in the environs of Bombay “ chickna” or “ warus” (Graham) ; anr
the “ meda” of Susrutas chik. 17 to 37 —may be compared: T. Roxburghii was observed by Graham
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 697
Sida cordifolia of Tropical climates from the Atlantic to Burmah. Suffruticose, having a Sanscrit
name (Roxb., and Pidd.), and called in Bengalee “ baryala,” in Hindustanee “ bariala” (Pidd.) :
the “ atibala” or “ vatya” of Susrutas chik. 15 to kalp. 8, — is referred here by Hessler: S. cordifolia
in “ Pareil garden ” near Bombay, and “ wild ” on Parell hill; by Retz obs. vi. 27, Roxburgh cor. ii.
pl. 147, Wallich, and Elliot 114, as far as the Circars,'Sylhet, Goalpara, Monghir, Chittagong, and Java
(Lindl.) ; by Loureiro ii. 783, in Anam, the leaves and branches full of glutinous matter, the fruit
yielding a greasy exudation manufactured into candles of bad quality, and serving as the basis of
salves (Pers., and Lindl).
Epicarpurus asper of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A small Urticoid tree called
in Sanscrit “ sakotuka” (Pidd.) or “ sacotaca,” in Bengal “ syaura ” or “ syura” (W. Jones) or
“ sheora,” in Plindustanee “ seeura,” in Telinga “ pukkie,” in Tamil “ peerahi ” (Drur.) : the“ sak’-
hota ” yielding oil according to Susrutas chik. 18, — is referred here by Hessler: E. asper was
observed by Rheede i. pl. 48 in Malabar; by Graham, “ generally throughout the Concans;” by
Retz obs. V. 30, W. Jones, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, “ common all over India,” employed medicinally,
a fibre procured from the stem, and the rough leaves used by the natives for polishing ivory ;
is termed “ streblus aspera” by Loureiro, as observed by him in Anam.
Artocarpus lakoocha of Eastern Hindustan. A species of bread-fruit called in Sanscrit
“ lacoocha,” in Telinga “ lakuchamu ” or “ laku-chamma ” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay
“ lowi,” in Burmah “ ni3'Ouk-loke ” (Mason) ; in which we recognize the “ lakucha” of Susrutas sutr.
i6to46, — and Harivansa 126: A. lakoocha was observed by Nimmo, and Graham, under cultivation
only in the environs of Bombay, the leaves “ deciduous in the cold weather,” and the yellow edible
fruit of the “ size of a large orange ; ” by W. Jones, and Roxburgh, wild in Bengal, the male spadix
eaten by the natives in their curries, and the roots used for dyeing yellow (Drur.) ; by Mason,
“ exotic” in Burmab, occasionally “ raised near native ” dwellings, and regarded by European residents
as “ a kind of fig.”
Ficus (Covellia) oppositifolia of Tropical Eastern Asia. A small tree called in the environs of
Bombay “ kurwut ” (Graliam), in Tagalo “ as-is ” or “ is-is ” or “ issio ” or “ isioisio ” (Blanco) : the
“ p’halgu ” or “ malapu ” or “ vayasi ” of Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 8 — is referred here by Hessler :
' F. oppositifolia was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and
Drury, on the banks of rivulets as far as Bengal, the fruit having several equidistant ridges, and with
the seeds and bark employed medicinally ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, “ F. hispida ” being regarded
as not distinct (Pers., and Steud.).
Colocasia Indica oi the Siamese countries. The “ st’hulakanda ” whose root is enumerated as
esculent by Su.srutas sutr. 46, —is referred here by Hessler : C. Indica according to Drury “ is cultivated
in Bengal for its esculent stems and small pendulous tubers,” one variety having “ dark-coloured
petioles, but they seldom produce ripe seeds ; ” is described by Loureiro, as observed in Anam
(Steud.) ; and the “ seet-tung” of Burmab is regarded by Mason as perhaps identical.
A rum (Amorphophallus') campanulatus oi Tropical Hindustan. Called in Sanscrit “ kanda” or
“ kunda” (J. F. Wats.), iu Telinga “ muncba kunda,” in Malabar and Tamil “ karuna,” in Hindustanee
“ ol” (Drur.), in Burmah “ wa” (Mason) ; in which we recognize the “ kanda” having an esculent
root according to Susrutas sutr. 46, — and the “ karuna” compared with laughing by Jayadevas
i. 31 : A. campanulatus was observed by Rheede xi.pl. 18 in Malabar; by Gibson, and Graham,
cultivated “ to a considerable extent about Surat,” also in the environs of Bombay, and “ its large
tuberous roots ” eaten by the natives ; bv Powell, in the Punjaub ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury,
as far as Bengal, the flowers small, sessile on the ground, exhaling a carrion-like odour, and appearing
when there are no leaves, roots very nutritious, and in the crude state employed medicinally ; by
Mason, “ exotic ” in Burmah, very generally cultivated by both Karens and Burmese for its “ much
esteemed ” root wliich is “ like a yam.” The same figures of Rheede ancl Rumphius are quoted by
Graham 1624 for “ a very common plant ” throughout the Concans, “ stemless ” with leaves appearing
“ in July,” siipra-decompound and on long petioles, the scape “ at the commencement of the
rains, and has a most unpleasant smell.”
Pothos (Scindapsus) ojfcinalis of Eastern Hindustan and Burmah. A rooting epiphytic jjeren-
nial called in Sanscrit “ vushira ” or “ shreyusee ” or “ kupi-vullee ” or “ kolu-vullee ” or “ kuri-pip-
pulee ” or “ guja-pippulee ” (Lindl,), in Bengalee “ guj-pippul,” in Tamil “ attie-tippilie,” in Malabar
“ aima tippilie ” (Drur.); in which we recognize the “ sreyasi ” or “ kapivalli ” or “ kolavalli ” or “ kari-
pippali ” or “ gajapippali ” of Susrutas chik. 2 to 15 : — S. officinalis was observed by Roxburgh, and
Wight, from Calicut to Bengal, and at Midnapore cultivated for its fruit, which is cut into transverse
pieces, dried, and used medicinally (Drur.); by Mason v. 503, wild in the forests of Burmah.
Maranta dichotoma of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A Scitamineous
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