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iv. 4. 6), maybe compared : D. montana was observed by Graham on hills in the environs of Bombay,
growing “ probably throughout the C on c an s ;” by Roxburgh cor. i. pl. 48, and Buchanan, in other
parts of Hindustan, the wood very hard and durable, variegated with dark and white-coloured veins,
but from some prejudice not used by the natives (Beddome, and Drur.).
Phaseolus irilobus of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. Procumbent, and called in Telinga
“ pelli pessara,” in Hindustanee “ kakhal-kuluy ” (Lindl.) or “ triangguli,” in Bengalee “ mooganee”
(Drur.) ; and the “ phakos ’’-like pulse met with — (Theophr. iv. 4. 9), may be compared : P. trilobus
was observed by Lush, and Graham, “ common in the Deccan ; ” by myself, wild there on the arid
plain ; by Roxburgh, as far as Bengal but only in its wild state ; by Ainslie, in Behar, given by the
Vytians in iiTegular fever: was also seen in Plindustan by Burmann ind. pl. 50, and Wight ; and
according to Drury, “ is cultivated for its seeds which are eaten by the poorer classes,” and “ affords
good fodder.” Fartlier East, was observed by Mason v. 467 in Burmah, “ spontaneously everywhere
in the country.” Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pl. 120, and Linnæus.
Dolichos unijlorus of Tropical Eastern Asia. The gram or horse gram is an annual plant
called in Hindustanee “ koaltee,” in Bengalee “ koolthee,” in T am il‘fokolloo,” in Telinga “ woola-
waloo (Drur.) ; and the “ ërëvinthos ’’-like pulse met with — (Theophr. iv. 4. 9), may be compared :
the “ kulatt’h a ” or “ yavaka ” commended for food in the stanzas of the Ayurvedas (Susrut. sarir. 2),
is referred here by Hessler : D. uniflorus wa.s observed by Lush “ cultivated in the D e c c a n ; ” by
Ro.xburgh, and Wight, as far as Coromandel and Bengal, the seeds according to Drury eaten by
the natives in curries, and everywhere in the peninsula given to cattle, but the “ plant has never been
seen in a wild state.” Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet pl. 113, and Lamarck.
Paspaliim scrobiculatum of Tropical Hindustan. A grain called in Guzerat “ menya,” in the
environs of Bombay “ kod ro” (Graham); and the kind of “ agrión krithôn ” furnishing good bread
and gruel, but which at first killed the horses of the Greeks until by degrees they became accustomed
to it (Theophr. iv. 4. 9), may be compared with the “ vosmorou ” of Onesicritus, — planted according
to Eratosthenes together with “ këghros ” in the rainy season (Strab. xv. i, 13 to i8) : the “ koclru.”
a sort of millet, was observed by Ebn Batuta plentiful in Hindustan : P. scrobiculatum was observed
there by Roxburgh, and Sykes ; by Gibson, and Graham, in the environs of Bombay, “ a very common
and cheap grain but not wholesome, the natives say it will keep good for twenty years,” a variety
called “ hareek” is “ narcotic, and in this respect resembles Lolium temulentum.” Farther East,
P. scrobiculatum is described by Houttuyn pl. Sg (Pers.).
Cyamopsis psoraleoides of Tropical Asia. An erect annual called in the environs of Bombay
“ mutkee” or “ gaur ” or “ goor ” (Graham); and the other plant called by Alexander’s army
“ phakon” but having the aspect of “ vôukëras ” — (Theophr. iv. 4. 10), may be compared; C.
psoraleoides, having small purplish flowers, was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay,
“ cultivated for the sake of the pods which are eaten like French beans ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wight,
in other parts of Hindu.stan ; is knovvn to occur also in Arabia (Pers.). Farther East, was observed
by Mason v. 467 “ exotic ” in Burmah and called “ pai-pa-soon,” cultivated by the natives and “ esteemed
by them a good vegetable.” Transported to Europe, is termed “ dolichos fabaeformis ” and
“ indigofera tetragonolob.a ” by L ’Heritier pl. 78, “ psoralea tetragonoloba ” by Linnæus, “ dolichos
psoraloides ” by Lamarck, and “ lupinus trifoliatus ” by Cavanilles i. pl. 59.
Vitis Indica of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The “ ampëlôn” growing in the mountain-
region— (Theophr. iv. 4. 11), may be compared: V. Indica was observed by Rlieede vii. pl. 6
in Malabar; by Graham, in “ the Concans” as far North as Bombay; by Wight, in other parts of
Hindustan. Farther East, by Mason, indigenous in Burmah and called “ yen-doung.”
Olea? dio’ca of Tropical Hindustan. The Indian olive is called in the environs of Bombay
“ Parr jamb ” (Grahanf) ; and the “ ëlaan” growing in the mountain-region, barren and as if intermediate
in nature and form between the “ ë la a s ” and “ kotinou” — (Theophr. iv. 4. 11), an account
copied by Piiny xii. 14, may be compared: the “ jummum” seen by Ebn Batuta in Hindu.stan, a
“ high tree with black fruit resembling that of the olive as does likewise its stone,” seems distinguished
by him from that met with in East Africa (see Chionanthus sp. . . .) ; O. dioica was observed
by Rlieede iv. pl. 54 in Malabar; by Graham, “ a large tree ” with fruit much resembling a sloe,
growing “ near Kandalla ” and “ very common towards the top of the Rotunda ghaut, Mahableshwur ; ”
by Roxburgh, Hamilton, and Wallich, in other parts of Hindustan (Drury) ; and the “ Tetrapilus
brachiatus” found by Louieiro in Anam, is regarded by Graham as not distinct.
Sterculia foetida of Tropical Eastern Asia. Called in Bengalee jungle-“ baddam,” in Tamil
“ kudrapdukku ” or “ peenaree-marum ; ” (Drur.); and possibly included among tlie “ akrothriia”
nut-bearing trees of the mountain-region — (Theophr. iv. 4. 11 ' ; S. foetida was observed by Graham
in woods near Bombay “ but evidently planted,” a “ very stately tree ” furnishing masts called poou
its leaves deciduous in the cool season, and seeds “ roasted and eaten like ch e s tn u ts ;” by
Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in other parts of Hindustan as far as Travancore and Bengal. Farther
East, by Mason 457 to 487 “ not uncommon in the fo re s ts ” of Burmah and called “ let-khok,”
yielding with other species a gum “ similar to tragacanth,” and its seeds “ eaten like filberts ;” by
Plorsfield, on Java; is described by Rumphius iii. pl. 107, and Sonnerat pl. 132; was observed
by Blanco on the Philippines, in Tagalo called “ calumpang,” in Ylocano “ bangar,” and its seeds
eaten. . r 1
Sterculia guttata of Tropical Hindustan A large tree called in the environs of Bombay
“ kookur” or “ golclar” (Graham), in Tamil “ pee-marum ” (Drur.) ; and included perhaps among
the “ akrothrua” of the mountain-region — (Theophr. iv. 4- n ) : S. gaittata was observed by Rheede
iv pl. 61 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ comnion along the Ghauts ” as far as Bombay, the seeds size ot
a cliestnut “ roasted and eaten by the natives ; ” by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight ii. pl. 487, m other
portions of the peninsula, clothing and cordage made of the inner bark.
Sterculia balanghas of Tropical Eastern Asia. A tree possibly included among the “ akrothrua
of the mountain-region— (Theophr. iv. 4. 11): S. balangas was observed by Rheede 1. pl. 4 9 ’>2
Malabar ; by Nimmo, in the Concan South of Bombay (Graham) ; by Wight v pl. 30, in other parts
of the peninsula ; and according to Roxburgh, the seeds when roasted are nearly as palataWe as
chestnuts (Drur.). Farther East, is described by Rumphius iii. 107 (Pers.), and m Amboyna
according to Hooker a pigment called “ cassoumba ” is made from the burnt pericarp (Drur.).
SteixuHa {Cavallium) urens of Tropical Hindustan. A large tree called in the environs of
Bombay “ kavalee ” (Graham), in Telinga “ kavalee,” in Hindustanee “ bulee ” (Lindl.), in Tamil
“ vellay bootalli ” (Drur.) ; and possibly included among the “ akrothrua ” of the mountain-region
(Theophr. iv. 4. 11); S. urens was observed by Gibson, and Graham, “ common throughout the
Concans ” and Hindu guitars “ made of the wood ; ” by Ro.xburgh cor. i. pl. 24, Royle, and Wight, as
far as Courtallum and the mountainous parts of Coromandel, yielding a gum extremely like tragacanth ;
and the seeds according to Drury “ are roasted and eaten.”
Guarea binectarifcra of Tropical Hindustan. A Meliaceous pinnate-leaved tree called^ in the
environs of Bombay “ yerindee ” (Graham); and possibly included among the “ akrothrua” of the
m o u n ta in - r e g io n— .(Theophr. iv. 4. 11): G. binectarifcra was observed by Graham in ravines near
Bombay “ not common,” the fruit with hard rind containing seeds “ size of a chestnut, monkeys are
very fond of them : ” is however not certainly identical with the “ G. binectarifcra” of Roxburgh.
Bnchanania latifolia of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A tree called in the environs of
Bombay “ pyal ” or “ ch a r ” or “ charolee ” (Graham), in Hindustanee “ peeyar cheroonjie,” in
Bengalee “ piyala,” in Telinga “ chara puppoe,” in T a m i l “ niowda ” or “ moræda ” or “ kat mango
maritm ” (Drur.) ; and probably included among the “ akrothrua” of the mountain-region — (Theophr.
iv. 4. 11) : dust of the flowers of the “ priyala” tree is mentioned by Kalidasa kum. iii. 31, and the
“ privala ” or “ piyala ” or “ rajavriiksha ” of Susrutas sutr. 36 and 46 to chikits. 2 is referred here by
Hessler : B. latifolia was observed by Gibson, Law, and Graliam, in the environs of Bombay, also
“ common in the Barria jungles east of Baroda ” and its kernels collected and sold by the Bheels , by
Roxburgli, Wight, and Drury, in Mysore and on the mountains of Malabar and Coromandel, tlie
kernels “ a general substitute for almonds among the natives,” yielding an oil called cheroonjie oil,
also a black varnish, and the wood “ used for various purposes.” Farther East, was observed by
Mason indigenous in Burmah,
Balsamodendron mukul oi Scinde. Called there “ googul ” (Drur ) ; and the “ akantha of the
bordering Arian district, yielding under the rays of the sun an exudation that resembles myrrh m
aspect and odour — (Theophr. iv. 4. 12), may be compared; B. mukul according to Stocks, and
Drury, has been ascertained to be a peculiar species. (See B. agallocha, B. niyrrha, and Boiassus
dichotomus).
Carissa diffusa of the country on the Lower Indus. A thorny shrub whose wood is called
“ ajar” (Drur.); and the “ akantha lëukë triôzôs ” g rowin g in the Arian district and called “ eraklëous,
juicy and spongy and its wood made into staffs and clubs — (Theophr. iv. 4. 12), may be compared^
C. diffusa was'observed by Powell in the Punjaub, bearing a small black edible fruit, its wood used
for fences and for making "native combs,” that of a very old tree turning quite black and acquiring a
strong fragrance, and sold at a high price as a medicine (Drur.).
Gnidia eriocephala of Western Hindustan. Called in the environs of Bomba,y rameta
(Graham) ; and the other biisli growing in the Arian district and as large as a “ raphanos, its leaves
laiirel-like and fatal to whoever'eats, so that horses are always held by hand on alighting near —
fTheophr. iv. 4. 12), maybe compared: G. eriocephala is described by Wallich ; was observed by
Murray very common at Mahableshwur, by Law on the hilly parts of the Southern Mahratta country,
by Graham on the Ghauts and about Karlee caves, “ a highly ornamental shrub ” with “ willow-like
leav es” ancl “ large terminal umbels ” of “ yellow flowers,” the “ natives attribute poisonous qualities
to it.”
Stylocoryne webera of Tropical Hindustan. A large-branched Coffeaceous shrub called in
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