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(Ainsi), or “ kutajamu ” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay “ koora ” or “ inderJoC-^ (Graham) ;
in which we recognize the “ kutaja” of Vaimiki ram. i. i8, — Bhavabhuti mal. 9, furnishing according
to Kalidasa ragh. xix. 37 Avreaths of floAvers, and prescribed medicinally by Susrutas : W. antidysen-
“ bandhujivamu” or “ bandhujivakamu ” (J. F. Wats ), in the environs of Bombay “ buckoolee ” (Graham)
: mentioned by Vaimiki v. 74 — (transl. Gorr..); and the “ nipa ” freshly blooming of the
Mrichclihakati 5, having flame-coloured flowers according Harivansa 66, staining with their pollen
according to Kalidasa ragh. xix. 37, prescribed medicinally by Susrutas, is referred here by Hessler:
I. banhuka Avas observed by Rheede ii. pl. 13 in Malabar; by Graham, in the Southern Concan as
far as Bombay, common but "generally under the shade of other bushes ; ” by Roxburgh, in other
parts of Hindustan.
V e r b e s ifia c a le n d u la c e a of Tropical Hindustan and Ceylon. A creeping yellow-flowered triennial
called in Bengalee “ keshoorya,” in Tamil “ postaley-kaiantagerei,” in Telinga “ patsoo-poola-goonta-
galijeroo,” on the Deccan “ peelabhungra ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its leaves seeds and flowers
employed medicinally: possibly the “ verbesine” of Vaimiki iii. 7 9— (transl. Gorr.): V. calendulacea
Avas observed by Rheede x. pl. 42 in Malabar; by Graham, in “ moist places throughout the
Concans,” to and beyond Bombay ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Coromandel and Bengal
(Drur.) ; by Burmann pl. 22, on Ceylon.
S y w p lo c o s f e r r u g i n e a of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit “ lodhra” (J. F. Wats.) ;
and the “ symplochi” of the Himalaya mentioned by Vaimiki iv. 4 4— (transl. Gorr.) maybe compared;
also the “ lodhra” of Bhavabhuti mal. 9: S. ferruginea is described in the hort. Bengalensis ;
and Avas observed by Flonigberger, probably in the vicinity of the Northern Tropic. ^
S y n ip lo c o s ra c em o sa of Tropical Hindustan. A tree caUecI in Bengalee “ lodh,” in Telinga “ lod-
d ug a ” (J. F. Wats.) ; and possibly the “ symplochi” of Vaimiki iv. 44: — the “ lodhra” of Bhavabhuti
mal- 9, Susrutas sutr. 6 to chik. i and kalp. 4, furnishing according to Kalidasa kum. vii. 9 a
poAvder mixed in oil, mentioned also by Harivansa 126, is referred here by H. H. Wilson and others :
S. racemosa was observed by Roxburgh, and Fleming, from the Western Ghauts and Kotah jungles
to Bengal, its bark used to dye red, and exported (Don fl. nepal., and Drur.). A very beautiful tree,
called “ hoora” and perhaps not distinct, was observed by Murray “ on the table land of Mahableshwur
” (Graham).
E c J iite s {C h o n em o r p a ) m a c r o p h y l la of Tropical Eastern Asia. A splendid woody climber with
large Avhite flowers (Graham); and the “ echite” of Vaimiki iv. 29— (transl. Gor-r), may be compared:
C. macrophylla was seen by Rheede ix. pl. 5 and 6 in Malabar; was “ introduced by Nimmo
in 1833” ^rito the environs of Bombay (Graham) ; and is enumerated among the plants of Hindustan
by Roxburgh fl. ii. 13. Farther East, “ an indigenous creeper” yielding c a o u t c h o u c of excellent
quality, was seen by Parish in Tenasserim, and is regarded by him as probably “ E. macrophylla”
(Mason v. 523).
C o n v o lv u lu s X C a lo n y c t io n ) b o n a -n o x of Ea.stern Flindustan and Burmah. The m o o n f l o w e r is
called in the environs of Bombay “ g oo l” or “ chandnee” or “ soma d e va ” (Graham), in Burmah
“ nway-ka-zwon-a-phyoo” (Mason) : the moon enlivening the nocturnal flowers, is mentioned by
Vaimiki ii. i ; — the rising moon dear to the night-flower, by Bhavabhuti uttar. 5; the night-flOAver
Avhose fragrance is stifled by the day-star, and the “ oskadhi ” whose flowers are kindled by the moon,
by Kalidasa sacont. : C. bona-nox was observed by Rheede xi. pl. 50 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ in
gardens Bombay,” the flowers “ three to six inches in diameter” and pure white, “ open at sun-set
and close up the folloAving morning; ” by Roxburgh, Long, and Drury, common everywhere in other
parts of Hindustan, the bark of the root used by the natives as a purgative; by MasOn v. 437 to 783,
indigenous in Burmah, and cultivated besides for its snowy blossoms. By European colonists, was
carried to Western Equatorial Africa (Benth. fl. nigr. 465) ; and to Tropical America (Sloane pl. 96,
Pers., and A. Dec.). Transported to Europe, is termed “ buenas noches ” by Clusius exot. 44
(Spreng.), “ ipomaea bona-nox” by Linnæus.
J u s t i c i a (R h in a c a n t h u s ) n a s u ta of Western Hindustan. A poor looking shrub four to five fcec
high, called in Sanscrit “ yoothica-purnee,” in Bengalee “ jooi pana” (Lindl) , in Hindustanee “ palek-
joohie,” in Tamil “ nagamully,” in Telinga “ nargamollay ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its leaves
root and seeds employed to cure ringworm : the “ pluksha” Avood on which sacrifices were made, also
the “ purnin ” of Vaimiki ii. 12, — ma ybe compared: R. nasuta observed by Rheede ix. pl. 69 in
Malabar; by Graham, “ in gardens,” and wild on “ the rocky part of the Rotunda ghaut, Mahablesh-
Avur ; ” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wallich, Royle, and Wight, as far as Travancore (Drur.) ; by Mason,
“ exotic ” in Burmah.
of Western Plindustan. A tree Avith slender drooping branches and subopposite
leaves called in Tamil “ narrpovalli,” in Telinga “ nukkeru,” in Hindustanee “ goond”
(Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ goond ” or “ goondnee ” (Graham) ; and from early times, its
terica was observed by Rheede i. pl. 47 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ very
hilly parts of the'Concan ; ” by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight p l 439, in
common on the Ghauts and
other parts of the peninsula
as far as Chittagong, its seeds highly valued by the natives in dysenteric affections (Drur. 245); by
fruit eaten, its tough wood used for carriage-poles, and strong ropes made from its'bark : included
perhaps in the “ cordie” trees of Ceylon by Vaimiki v. 17 — (transl. Gor r .) : C. angustifolia Avas
observed by Gibson, and Graham, at Bombay and “ about villages in the Deccan and Guzerat ; ” by
Buchanan, in Mysore.
C o r d ia M a c le o d i i of the Godavery forests. A tree called in Telinga “ botka,” in the Jubbulpoor
forests “ deyngan” (Drur.) ; and its very beautiful wood known from eariy times : included perhaps
in the “ cordie” trees of Ceylon by Vaimiki v. 1 7— (transl. Gorr.) : C. Macleodii according to Beddome,
and Drury, “ is abundant in the forests near Mahadeopur but does not extend to the Circars,”
is “ supposed ” to be the “ Hemigymnia Macleodii ” of Griflith.
V i i e x a l t i s s im a of the mountains of Ceylon and Southern Hindustan. A large ternate-leaved
tree, its timber valued from early times : “ vi t ic i” are mentioned amonsr flowering trees by Vaimiki
iii. 79— (transl. Gorr.) : V. altissima was observed by Roxburgh, and Drury, “ somewhat common
in subalpine forests ; ” was received by the younger Linnæus from Ceylon ; and apparently the same
species was seen by Graham in the Bombay district, in a ravine near Nagotnah.
V i t e x a la ta of Western Hindustan. A small ternate-leaved tree called in Malabar “ maileloa”
(Rheede) ; and from early times, its timber valued: included perhaps in the “ vi t ic i” of Vaimiki iii.
7 9 :— V. alata Avas observed by Rheede v. pl. i in Malabar; by Law, at Duddi in the Southern
Mahratta country, and by Graham on hills near Bombay ; by Rottler, Roxburgh, and Drury, as far
as Tranquebar.
M y r i s t i c a M a la b a r i c a of Western Hindustan. A species of w i l d n u m e g tree called in Malabar
“ panampalea” (Rheede), its fruit hardly aromatic, but an oil obtained from it from early times
applied medicinally : “ myristiche” are mentioned among the trees of Hindustan by Vaimiki v. 74 —
(transl. Gorr.): M. Malabarica observed by Rheede iv. pl. 5rin Malabar; by Nimmo, in “ S.
Concan” (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay ; by Waring pharm. ind., and Drury, in the forests of
Travancore.
A m a r a n t h u s f 'u in e n t a c e u s o i NyowtXxn Hindustan. Called in Tamil “ poong-}cirai ” (Dru r . ) ;
and from early times, cultivated for the flour of its seeds as an article of diet; and possibly the'“ ama-
ranti” of Vaimiki iii. 79— (transl. Go r r ) ; A. frumentaceus Avas observed by Buchanan, Roxburgh,
and Wight, from Mysore to the Coimbatore district, Avhere it is extensively cultivated (Drur ).
C u r c z n n a a r om a t ic a of Hindustan. Called by English residents w i l d tum n e i'ic , in Hindustanee
“ junglee-huldee,” in Bengalee “ bun-huldee” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ bun-huldi ” or
“ apavisha” or “ vishabs ” or “ nirbishi ” or “ ca-nirvisha ” (Graham); and “ wild turmeric” is enumerated
by Carey and Marshman among the ten drugs in the “ survoushudhee ” of Vaimiki ii. i : —
C. aromatica was observed by Graham “ in moist shady places througliout the Concans,” its roots
“ sold in tlie bazars and used as a perfume ; ” by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in the Travancore
forests and from Malabar to Bengal.
S a c c h a r u m s p o n ta n e um of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A reed' called in Hindustanee
“ kagara,” in Bengalee “ kash,” in Telinga “ relloogaddy ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay
“ kerpa ” (Graham), in Burmah “ thek-kay-gyee ” (Mason) ; and seems the species pointed out to
W. Jones as. res. iv., in a clump of Avhich according to the Puranas the Hindu god of Avar was born :
the “ k a sh a ” is mentioned by Vaimiki ram. ii. 24— S. spontaneum was observed by Rheede xii. p l
46 in Malabar ; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, “ ten or twelve feet ” high, having “ a very
graceful appearance with its large feather-like panicle ; ” by Roxburgh, in Bengal, the bright silvery
wool around the base of the flowers making “ a most conspicuous and gaudy appearance,” its leaves
eaten by buffaloes, used also for mats and for thatching houses (Drur.) . Farther East, is very abundant
along the banks of the Irrawady forming “ a striking object in the landscape” (Roxb.); was
observed also by Mason v. 524 in Burmah, one of the two grasses employed in the Interior for
thatching native dwellings. (See S. sara).
A m in d o ( T i i c h o o n ) k a r k a of Tropical Hindustan. A reed called in Sanscrit “ dhumuna” or
“ nuda ” or “ nula ” or “ potugula,” in Flindustanee “ nai ” or “ nul ” (J. F. Wats.) , in.Bengalee “ nar
nul,” in Telinga “ naga sa ra ” or “ maitantos” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ null ” (Graham);
mentioned by Vaimiki v. 74 ~ (transl Gorr.) ; the “ d'haraana ” or “ nada ” or “ nala ” or “ potagala,”
by Susrutas sutr. 29 to chik. 35 ; and the third Gangetic monarch of Orissa measured his kingdom
with “ nai ” reeds (Hunt, oriss. i. 318) : A. karka Avas observed by Royle in Scinde, the stems made
into chairs, and flower-stalks beaten to fibres called “ moonyah ” used for strings and ropes ; by Graham,
on “ the banks of rivers and tanks in the environs of Bombay; by Retz obs. iv. 21, and
Roxburgh, as far as Bengal, the common “ durma” mats at Calcutta made of the split stems (Drur.)
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