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2872 B. C. ( = 2873 in calendar years = 2895 — “ 22 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Viheris
succeeded by SivgrhSres, eighth king of the Fourth dynasty ; to whose reign “ seven ” years
are assigned. The name of king “ Aseskaf ” occurs in contemporaneous tombs at Gizeh : —
and in the “ Eighty-ninth ” he is placed after Menkaura and before Useserkaf (Leps. d. ii. pl.
41, 50, and 55). Asychis according to Herodotus succeeded Menkaura.
Forty-third generation. May ist, 2867, mostly beyond youth :
Some time after the building of the Great pyramid (Leps. trav. 28 and 52 to 118)
but before the close of the Fourth dynasty (Birch), a ca/iou o f proportions first adopted in
representations of the human form. — This canon continued unchanged throughout the “ Tyvelfth
^ dynasty.”
2865 B. C. ( = 2866 in calendar years = 2873 — “ 7 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Severheres
succeeded by Thampthis, ninth king of the Fourth dynasty: — to whose reign “ nine ” years
are assigned. The name of king Tha-med has been found on the monuments by Lepsius
(k. pl. 7) ; with evidence, that he preceded the Tenth dynasty.
A s the sphinx possibly indicates taxation, the earliest representation becomes a
£^3 point of interest. The above headless figure occurs under the Fourth dynasty at
Sakara (Leps. d. ii. pl. 96), but is not free from ambiguity ; and Lepsius eg. and gin. p. 67 states, that
the image of the sphinx is “ not in general met with in the Pyraniid period.” — Heads of sphinxes
were found in the tomb of the mother of the first king of the Seventeenth dynasty; and from this
time, representations of the spliinx become frequent: forming besides a hieroglyphic character
from at least the Nineteenth dynasty to the Greek conquest (Leps. k. pl. 32 to 50).
2856 B. C. ( = 2857 in calendar years = 2866 — “ 9 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table = 2210 -|-
I “ [6 43 -j- 1S5 -|_ 100 J - 100 -|- 0.75 d. -)- 203 ” of the Euseb.-Maneth. table), Thampthis
I succeeded by OusSrhSres, head of the Elephantinite dynasty. To whose reign “ twenty-eight”
I years are assigned. The name of king Usesurkaf occurs in contemporaneous tombs at Gizeh : —
. and in the “ Eighty-ninth,” he is placed after Ase sk af and before Sehura. His name occurs
also at Shech Said (Leps. d. ii. pl. 40, 48, and 112).
A tomb at Sakara containing the name and constructed during the reign o f Usesurkaf, may be
regarded as vindicating in the beauty of the sculptures the judgment of Herodotus : in placing certain
Egyptian works of art on a par with any in Greece.
Khiiumhotep was priest of the king’s pyramid, — which has not as yet been identified (Birch).
Forty-fourth generation. Sept. Ist, 2834, mostly beyond youth :
2828 B. C. (= 2829 in calendar years = 2857 — “ 28 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), OusSrhSres
succeeded by SSphres, second king of the Fifth dynasty: to whose reign “ thirteen ” years
are assigned. The name of king Sehura occurs at Wadi Maghara, and in contemporaneous
tombs at G iz e h :— and in the “ Eighty-ninth,” he is placed after Usesurkaf; and in
the “ fifteenth,” after Chufu and before Nofirikara (Leps. d. ii. pl. 39, 47, 50, 55, and 74).
His name occurs also in the genealogical tables of later times, as in the chamber of kings at
Karnak.
Sehura carried on war in or beyond the Sinai peninsula : his portrait at Wadi Maghara representing
him in the act of smiting the before-mentioned bearded nation belonging to the White Race
(Forty days in the Desert pl. 12).
Sehura built the North pyramid at Abu sir ; his name occurring in red quarry-marks on one of
the component blocks of stone.
2815 B. C. ( = 2816 in calendar years = 2829 — “ 1 3 ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), SSphres
succeeded by NSphgrhSres, third king of the Fifth dynasty: to whose reign “ twenty”
years are assigned. The name of king Nofirikara occurs at Sakara, and in contemporaneous
tombs at G iz e h :— and in the “ Fifteenth,” he is placed between Sehura and Raensesur ;
but by a rare inconsistency, before Sehura in the “ Seventeenth ” tomb (Leps. d. ii. pl. 47, 50,
55, and 59).
A porcupine, Hystrix cristata, is figured in one of the above tombs (Leps. d. ii. pl. 46). The
original may liave been imported from beyond the Euphrates : — for I have met with tlie animal only
in Hindustan, where quills are occasionally found throughout the country ; the possible origin of the
legend mentioned by Pliny viii. 53, that the porcupine shoots its quills. Pliny however attributes
“ hystrlces” to both India and A fr ica ; showing at least, that the animal became known to the Romans
through Africa.
Nofirikara built a pyramid: and several functionaries of his reign were buried in the tombs at
Gizeh (Birch).
Forty-fifth generation. Jan. ist, 2800, mostly beyond y ou th ;
, “ on" of the Afr.-Maneth. table),
,
reign “ sCTcn” n ‘at Wadi Ma|hara, Sakkarah, and in conplaced
after Sehura and Nofirikara / “ twentv-seventh ” (Leps.
^ His surname “ An ” (Birch) occurs in the tombs a G.zeh anct i t
d. ii. pl. 76) is placed H X A tables f and under the
placed after Sehura and be me J ; statue ” (C. Mull, fragm. Maneth. p. 548).
mTdlTiytltd^^^^ a s lp p e a r s from his name in “ red ochre” quarrymarks
on some of the component blocks s t^ J ; ^ [ Afr.-Maneth table), accession
in “ Twenty^eventh” „ f the Afr.-Maneth. table), HSires
sulceed!d I ; L t l f o u r l l s e ‘venth king of the Fifth dynasty: to whose reign “ forty-four” years
" F l-t !« x * th generation. May ist, 2767, mostly b e y ^ d youth :
. Forty-seventh generation. a / lf r .-M a n e th . table), RathSures
J ! ! : n S “ l S ! r f " S monuments o f^ a t l times (Leps. d. ii. pL 39-
A f f i a l c S t l l i n g a portrait of M en k a u h o r -w a s found in excavating the Serapeum at Memph.s
^ " "" ienk au h o r built a pyramid : - which has not as 7 0 b « n iden^fi« R b x J ) -
k A ^-7‘ 5 B. C. ( = 2716 j / g v end of the reign of
^ 'H e ^ 'w im i 'd f d b t T a n w l s , ninth king of the Fifth dynasty :
g « “ r. .5= hep..»»
s - r » . g . . . » „ . u «. p.. «7, 7 .
= fourth year of Assa^ (Birch), commissions sent to Wadi Maghara, “ to examine
^Forty-eighth pneration. ¿ ' / / ’/ / J 'in Thebes by Prisse) is described
267. B. C. ( = 2672 m 7 whose reign “ thirty-three” years are
succeeded by Onnos, tenth king of ftie 0 ft y « papyrus. The name of king Onas
assigned by Manetho; but on y J ^ j a vase procured in Egypt
two
’" '" " lo r ty -n in th generation. May ’J - / J / / / / / J J / / ' ppt to me by Mr. Bonomi, others
besictos l o Y u t i r S l m m i d l l u ^ a id on the walls I remarked figures of three additional
scolymus of ‘ be MeffiterraMa^ cmiform CMled m Bntmn Germany
Sii 1 '■