“ In this y e a r ” (Johns, wond. prov. 8), a remarkable comet, noted throughout Europe and by
the natives around Massachusetts Bay; who “ not long before” first saw a ship and spread the alami
in their light canoes “ made of birch rindes.” The ship brought copper kettles, and readily opened
trade with the natives. . ^ i ^
“ Nov. I 2 t h ” (Anders., and Holmes), arrival of Walter Raleigh in Guayana; where he captured
a Spanish city, and searched for mines, intending to form a settlement. In the following
returning disappointed to England, he was arrested, and on the “ 29th of October ” beheaded : counted
(according to Burnet) “ a barbarous sacrificing him to the Spaniards.” Raleigh and Humphrey Gib
bert (see ?bove) are regarded as the founders of the trade and naval power of Britain^
P i r a t i n e r a G u a y a n e n s i s of Guayana. Raleigh was accompanied by two Hollanders m s^ rd i
of ^ E p e k e ld w o o d y called by the natives “ paira,” — as identified by Schomburgk (edit. Ral.): B.
Guayanensis is also described by Aublet.
“ 1618 May 15 th ” (Humb. cosm. ii.), demonstration by Kepler, That the squares of the times
of revotutièn of the planets are as the cubes of the mean distances. Kepler also discovered, That the
planets move in ellipses, the sun occupying one of the foci. _ • ^ .
“ Tune ” (A ls t ) , by the “ directors of the kingdom,” the Jesuits expelled from Bohemia.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Philipp and Albert Menzel publishing their Synon.
plant. Ingoisi. , . „ n .
Hardly later than this date, Vesling while a youth “ cum juvenis ” (Spreng.) visiting Egypt,
meeting with S a l v i a m a r r u b i o i d e s 77 ; — his account was published in “ 1638;” and shortly after
making a second visit, he died in “ 1649.” , „ 1 1
i p o m o e a p a lm a t a of Equatorial Africa. Called in Egypt “ sett el hösch ” (Forsk.) or cherk
falek ” (Del.) : observed there by Vesling p l, and termed “ convolvulus Aegyptiacus ; ” by Forskal
p. 43, and Delile, climbing over trees in gardens, and over reeds along the NUe ; by Grant, “ common
Nile banks 9° N. etc.” Eastward, was observed by Roxburgh frequent in Hindustan, but no
natièe name is given. Transported to Europe, is described by C. Bauhin pin. 295 ; and is termed
“ i. tuberculata” by Roemer and Schultes. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius
Islands, observed by Bojer under cultivation and hardly naturalized (A. Dec.) ; to Montevideo, Brazil,
and’ para (Choisv) ; and lo the Hawaiian Islands (Choisy, A. Gray, and Mann), _ _
“ In this y e a r ” (Major edit.* Strach. p. xvii), the administration of Argoll in Virginia causing
great dissatisfaction, the captain general Lord de Lawarre was again sent out: but on the way, died m
or near the bay which bears his name.
“ 1619 A. D.” ( . . . . Stith, and Holmes), a provincial legislature granted to Virginia ; enabling
the colonists to take part in the government. The first meeting was on “ June tgth.”
“ J u ly ” (Relat. du Groenl. 237), under instructions from Christian IV. of Denmark, Captain
Munck sailing through Hudson’s Strait into Hudson’s Sea ; where he wintered in “ 63° 20'.” Mreh
sufierin» was endured from scurvy and wrèt of food, but searching^ among the snow “ they found a
kind olstrawb e rry ” ( r e d - s n o w , Protococcus nivalis) “ which sustained and nourished them after a
manner ” tliou»h withering “ a short time after ” removal from the snow. — “ Apr, 12th,” ram fell for
the first time in seven months. “ July i6th,” abandoning the largest of his two vessels, Captain
M u n c k and a f e w s u r v i v o r s s a i l e d f o r h o m e ; a r r i v i n g i n N o r w a y “ S e p t , 2i s t . ” , ,
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), plants brought from the “ Isle Virgine ” described by Io, Robin,
includin» “ narcissus virginianus fióre albo rubicante ” A m a r y l l i s a t a m a s c o pl. 4, “ martagón de
Canada ” L i l i u t n s u p e r b u m pl. to. — He published a Second edition “ in 1620 ” (introd.).
“ Aug. 28th” (Alst. p. S73), Matthias succeeded by the king of Hungary and Bohemia, now
Ferdinand II , tliirty-fourth emperor of Germany and Italy. “ Aug. 29th,” by the Bohemians, a new
king elected in opposition ; soon followed by removing the images from a church in Prague, ancl
open # £ „ (Blair), by William Harvey of England, discovery of the c i r c u l a t i o n o f t h e b lo o d .
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Joh. Frank, a friend of C. Bauhin, publishing his Hort. lusat., with
Latin, German, and some Wendish names of plants. _ , • 1
“ 1620 A. D. = ‘ tai-tchang,’ is t year of Kouang-tsoung II., of the Ming or Pwenly-thiid
dynasty (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 414). He reigned “ one month ” only. _
“ In this y e a r ” (Krusenstern, and Bickmore), the Jesuit Hieronymus de Angelis visiting Yeso
and Krafto (Saghalien), being probably the first European who travelled so far through the Japanese
empire. In a letter (dated “ 1622,” Sieb. elucid. Vries p. 99) he gives the following particulres
respectino- Y e so : “ as for the appearance of the inhabitants” (Ainos), “ they are coarse and ot a
iar»er stature than men generally are,-more inclining in colour to white than brown; they wear long
beards sometimes down to the middle ; ” instead “ of armour they have coats of small planks fastened
to»ether which is ridiculous to look at.” The “ lord of Matsumay assured me that the inhabitants ot
Je?so wènt to three islands not far distant from their country and the inhabitants of which had no
9 3 7
beards ancl a very different language ” (Aleutians) to purchase “ raccon ” (skins of s e a - o t t e r , Enhydrys
marina) ; “ but he did not know whether those islands were to the South or North of Jesso.” — In
“ 1623,” Hieronymus de Angelis was burned at Yedo.
“ In this y e a r ” (Krapf trav.), Ormuz on the Persian Gulf captured from the Portuguese: an
event which strengthened the influence of the Arabs of Oman.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl ), C. Bauhin publishing his Prodroin., enumerating S a l i x
h e r b á c e a 159, V a l e r i a n a I r i p i e r i s 86, V . m o n t a n a 87, S c i r p u s t r i q u e t e r 2 2 , S . ( I s o l e p i s ) p i u i t a n s 23,
A i r a c a r y o p h y l l e a 105, F e s t u c a ? d i s t a c h y a 19 S e s l e r i a e c h i n a t a 16, P o a c o m p r e s s a 2, P . b u lb o s a 6,
D a c t y l i s l i t t o r a l i s 2, T r i t i c u t n r i g i d u m 17, F e s t u c a p i n n a t a 18, G l o b u l a r i a s p i n o s a 121. A s p e r u l a
P y r e n a i c a 146, A s p e r u l a l a e v i g a t a 145, G a l i u n t p u s i l l u m 145, G . g l a u c u m 145, G . B a u h i n i 146,
A l c h e m i l i a p e n t a p h y l l a 138, P o t a m o g e t o n s e t a c e u s tor, L y s im a c h i a l i n u m - s t e l l a t u m 107, C a m p a n u l a
s t y l o s a 35, C . c a e s p i t o s a 34, C . b a r b a t a 36, L o b e l i a u r e n s 53, F . r y t h r a e a s p i c a t a 130, R h a m n u s a l p i n u s
160, R i b e s a l p i n u m 160, H e m i a r i a a l p i n a 160, V e l e z i a r i g i d a 103, A s t r a n t i a m i n o r 97, B u p l e u r u m
s t e l l a t u m 129, B . p e t r a e u m 129, B . a n g u l o s u m 12g, B . r a n n n c u l o i d e s 129, H e r a c l e u m a n g u s t i f o l i u m
83, H . A u s t r i a c u m 83, S c a n d i x p i n n a t i f i d a 78, R h u s g l a b r a 158, S t a t i c e c o r d a t a 99, S . m i n u t a 99,
L i n u m A ’a r b o n e n s e 107, S e d u m r u b e n s 132, I ^ u z u la a l b i d a 16, R u m e x v e s i c a r i u s 54, R . T i n g i t a n u s
56, O x y r i a d ig y n a 55, D a p h n e t h y m e l e a 160, E l a t i n e a l s i n a s t r u m 24, M o n o t r o p a h y p o p i t y s 31, S a x i f
r a g a p e t r a e a 131, D i a n t h u s s y l v e s t r i s 104, D . s u f f r u t i c o s u s 104, A r e n a r i a t e t r a q u e t r a 105, A . j u n i -
p e r i n a 105, S e d u m a t r a t u m 132, C e r a s t i u m l a t i f o l i u m 104, C. t o m e n t o s u m 104, E u p h o r b i a r u b r a
1 3 3 , P o t e n t i l l a i n t e r m e d i a 1 3 9 , P a p a v e r a l p i n u m 93, P . C a m b r i c u m 9 2 , A q u i l e g i a v i s c o s a 75, A .
a l p i n a 75, N i g e l l a H i s p á n i c a 75, N . O r i e n t a l i s 75, A n e m o n e v e r n a l i s 94, I s o p y r u m a q u i l e g i o i d e s 75,
S t a c h y s C r e t i c a 113, Y. a i ' v e n s i s i i i , S c u t e l l a r i a a l p i n a 116, L i n a r i a r e p e n s 106, L . a r v e n s i s 107. L .
07' i g a n i f o l i a 106, L . D a lm a t i c a 1 0 6 , L . l i n i f o l i a 106, M y a g r u m p e r e n n e 37, D r a b a s t e l l a t a 51, T h l a s p i
h i r t u m 47, A l y s s u m m o n t a n u m 49, C a r d a m i n e r e s e d i f o l i a 45, C . p a r v i f l o r a 44, S i s y m b r i u m a s p e r u m
41, A r a b i s a r e n o s a 40, E r y s im u m h i e r a c i f o l i u m 102, C h e i r a n t h u s i r i l o b u s 103, A r a b i s H a l l e r i 46,
L a v a t e r a t r im e s t r i s 132, G e n i s t a H i s p a t i i c a 157, O r o b u s l u t e u s 149, H e d y s a r u m c a p u t - g a l l i 149,
A s h a g a l t t s i n c a n u s 149, A . e x s c a p u s 147, T r i f o l i u m C h e r l e r i 143, T . s a x a t i l e 140, T . s c a b r u m 140,
T . s p u m o s u ? n 140, L o t u s d i f f u s u s 144, M e d i c a g o o r b i c u l a r i s 130, H . n u t n t n u l a r i u m 130, S o n c h t t s m a i f -
i i n i u s 61, Y. t e n e r r i / m i s 6t, H i e r a c h im p r a e a l t u m 67, H . c h o n d r i l l o i d e s 64, H . g r a n d i f l o r u m 65, H .
g l u t i n o s u m 63, C r e p i s f o e t i d a 68, A n d i y a l a c h e i r a n t h i f o l i a 61, H y o s e r i s r a d i a t a 62, C o n y z a s a x a t
i l i s 123, S e n e c i o l i n i f o l i u s 107, C i n e r a r i a c o r d i f o l i a 69, I u 7 ¡ l a p r o v i n c i a l i s 6g, C h r y s a n t h e m u m a i r a -
t i n n 120, C . H a l l e r i 120, A n t h e m i s z n i x t a 121, A . a l t i s s im a 70, A c h i l l e a t n a c r o p h y l l a 39, C e n t a u r e a
a l p i n a 56, C . p e c tm a t a 128, C . c i n e r a r i a 128, C . s o n c h i f o l i a 128, A c e r a s a l p i n u m 29, C h a r a h i s p i d a
25, C a r e x B a l d e n s i s 13, C . o r n i t h o p o d a g, S a l i x r e l u s a 159, A f c k e r a p e n n a t a 151, T r i c h o s t o m u m e r i -
c o id e s 151, M n i u m r o s e u m 151, F u c u s b u lb o s u s 154, F . s a c c h a r i n u s 154, F . p a lm a t u s 155, F . f i l u z n
155, P a d i n a p a v o n i a 155, “ gramen junceum folio articuloso cum utriculis ” 12 J m i c j i s s y l v a t i c u s .
C l e m a t i s a n g u s t i f o l i a of the Uralian plains. An erect species describecl by C. Bauhin prodr.
135 — (Spreng.): observed by Jacquin rar. pl. 104 in Austria; by Messerschmid 1274 in Siberia
(Amman stirp. 108); by'Pallas iv. 316 to 701, as far as Daouria.
T h a l i c t r u m a n g u s t i f o lm m of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by C.
Bauhin prodr. 146— (Spreng.); termed “ t. pratense angustissimo fo lio ” by Tournefort inst. 271;
observed by Sibthorp on the Bithynian Olympus ; by Crantz, in Austria ; known to grow also in Germany
ancl France (Pers.), and within fifty years between the completion of the Doubs canal and
“ 1822,” made its appearance in the environs of Montbelliard (Bern., and A . Dec.).
S a g i n a n o d o s a of Subarctic climates. Described by C. Bauhin prodr. 118 — (Spreng.) ; termed
“ stellaria nodosa” by Scopoli, “ spergula nodosa” by Linnæus (Steud.); and known to grow in
marshes and on the seashore from Lapland and Northern Asia to Denmark, Ireland, and Switzerland
(fl. Dan. pl. 96, Pers., and Wats.). Westward, was observed by Hooker on Iceland, and received
from the Arctic shore at the mouth of Mackenzie river; was observed by Oakes and Robbins along
the Atlantic as far South as 43° on the Isle of Shoals ; and was received by A . Gray from the “ shore
of Lake Superior.”
S i l e n e r u p e s t r i s of Northern Europe and mountains farther South. Described by C. Bauhin
prodr. 10 4 *— (Spreng.), and termed “ lychnis glabra minima, aut caryophyllæi minima species flore
* C o r n u s C a n a d e n s i s of Subarctic America. The d w a r f c o r n e l or p i g e o n - b e r r y is a low woodland
herb, transported to Europe. Described by C. Bauhin prodr. t o i— (Spreng.), and termed “ .solanum
quaclrifolium bacciferum ” in pin. 167 (Linn.). Westward, was received by Collins from Labrador ;
was observed by Lapylaie in Newfoundland; by Josselyn pl. 80, in New England; by myself, frequent
from 48° on the Lower St. Lawrence to 42°; by Torrey, as far as 41° on the Hudson; by
Drummond, at Fort Cumberland in 54°; and according to Hooker grows nearly to the Arctic Sea,
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