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446 CHRONOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
m m r n s m s m m
( a , i + 5 8 + , + + ’ Z r + o f . . » H „ . . s e . e „ . „
+ Í p r + S 5 5 S + + + + 4 + + : + + í z +
fr», S + - ; ? ‘U 5 r ó + ? . + 5 ” L " + + t ; ; „ + “v7 , , * ' ” “ " " “ p ' «
Berbeiis lycium of the Himalayan mountains. The A Y K I O N • I M A i K n M OT f *
i l i l l l i a i a
y N z i s z i t a " ' * ”’ " " ° ' " t a ’ tt” " >■»• ” - 0 . c , . „ ,„bd u .d b, R „ „ „
c h i l e ” , “ “ ’ “ ■” ta tt’ A»’o. Pooollm . u c c e e c l e c l b y P o m p e , t o c o n d o c i t o g , h e M i , b , l .
‘R ° o z f b ' „ , z + i . 5 i F “ to'
V n . : + = b T + + i r ó tt " - it o c b o .
, R d o c r r G , : + * c b “+ + ' , . + "
the “ agrión vasilikon” identified in Syn D iosc with the AKINnr l ! ’ recognize
g + + ; s % s ~ £ s a i s
foned by Piiny xx. 48; S. verbenaca is described by Brunfels 0 ^ ’ ^ /( S p U n g r a n d L /m r e t t T /
OF AC COM PA N Y ING A N IM A LS A N D P L A N T S. 4 4 7
66; is termed “ horminum sylvestre lavendulæ flore” by Tournefort inst. 178; and is known to
grow in Barbary and throughout middle Europe as for as Britain (D esf. atl., Curt. lond. vi. pl. i,
and Pers. ; see Mesembryanthemum Copticum, and Salvia sclarea).
“ 63 B. C.” (Dio, Blair, and Clint.), suicide of Mithridates V I. after defeat by his son, now
Pharnaces II. : terminoating the Mithridatic war against the Romans. The work of Mithridates
on poisons was delivered by Pompey to his own freedman Lenaeus, to translate into Latin (Sm. b. d.).T
im arix Germanica of the plains of Tartary and Eastern Europe. A kind of tamarisk called
in Italy “ tamerigio ” or “ tamerice ” or “ m irice” (Lenz), and the ERICEN of Lenaeus, - regarded
by some as the “ tam ancen” (Plin. xxiv. 41), may be compared: the “ tam aris” or “ tam arix” is
mentioned by Celsus ii. 33, Columella viii. 15. 4, and the “ tamarix scopis tantum nascens ” by Pliny
xvi. 45 : r. Germanica is described by Miller pl. 262 ; and is known to grow in North Italy (Scop.,
and Lenz) and middle Europe (Lam. fl. fr., Pers., and Moench). Eastward, is termed “ t. decandra ”
by Pallas ; is called “ balgou” by the Mongols and Bouriates, and is used by them as a substitute for tea (Klapr.).
Cytisus scoparius of middle Europe. Called in Britain broom, in the Anglo-Saxon leechbook
“ brom,” in Germany “ bram e” (Prior), in France “ gen êt” (N ugent), and possibly the SCO P I S -
A M E R I N I S to which the E R I C E N is likened by Lenaeus : — C. scoparius is described by Linnæus,
and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 313, Engl. bot. pl’.
1339, and Pers.). The young tops in decoction according to Lindley are “ diuretic and cathartic,
seeds said to be emetic.”
“ In the summer” (Dio, Jos., Clint., and Kitt. cycl. bibl), after “ three m onths” siege and on
the anniversary day of the first overthrow by Nebuchadnezzar, Jerusalem captured by Pompey, and
Jewish independence again overthrown. The Jews now passed to the dominion of Rome.
“ October ” (Sallust, Blair, and Clint.), at Rome, the conspiracy of Cataline detected by Cicero.
Some of the books in Cicero’s library were written on parchment — (Pouchet).
Semecarpus anacardium of Tropical Hindustan. AT R A M E N TO ■ S VTO R I 0 is me'ntioned
by Cicero, — and Pliny (Ainsw.); the “ halkanthon” is described by Galen comp. med. viii. 3 as
composed in part of “ hrusovalanou ; ” the ‘‘xanthôvalanôs ” is mentioned by Actuarius, and Nicolaus
Myrepsus; the indelible ink-markings on mummy-cloth are derived by Ma.son v. p. 510 from
imported nuts of S. anacardium ; and the “ baladsir” of Ebn Masawia, I. Ben Amran, Rhazes, 1.
Ben Ali, Avicenna, and Ebn Baitar, is referred to this plant by Sontheimer. Eastward, S. anacardium
in Plindustan is sometimes called “ belader” (ulfaz udwiyeh, Faulkn., Plonigb., and J. F.
W ats.); in which we recognize the “ balador” identified by Ebn Baitar with the “ anakarthiôn ” of
the Greeks (Royle antiq. hind., see Cardiospermum) ; is called in Sanscrit “ bhela” or “ arushkara ”
in Bengalee “ bhela” or “ bela-tuki ” or “ bhola-tuki,” in Telinga “ nella-jedee ; ” was observed in
Hmdustan by Ro.xburgh cor. pl. 12, and W ight; by myself, as far as the central portion of the
Deccan ; by Gibson and Graham, “ common throughout the Concans and in Guzerat, whence a considerable
quantity of the nuts are exported : ” and according to Lindley, the “ receptacles eaten like
apples when roasted; the pure black acrid juice employed externally by the natives” to “ remove
rheumatic pains, aches and sprains ; ” also, “ universally used to mark linen : ” hence the En»lish
name marking nut. P arther East, is enumerated by Mason among the plants of Burmah, thelm ts
at least “ constantly for sale in the bazars,” and used for making indelible ink.
Rumex bucephalophorus of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ atzëtôza” (Sibth.)
or “ agriôlapathô” (F raas); and the L A P A TH I • B R E V I S ■ H E R B A of Cicero fin. ii. 8, — and
Horace sat. 2, is referred here by Fraas : R. bucephalophorus is described by Columna ecphr, i. pl.
150; is termed “ acetosa ocymi folio neapolitana ” by Tournefort inst. 503; and is known to
grow in Italy (Pers., Pollini, and Lenz). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and
Fraas, fiequent in grain-fields at the opening of spring from the Peloponnesus throuMiout the
Greek islands to Cyprus.
Aristolochia clematitis of the Caucasian countries. Calleci in Italy with other species “ stal-
lagio” or “ stallogio ” or “ aristolochia” (Lenz), in which we recognize the long-rooted kind called
erva aristôlôhia” by the Romans according to the Syn. D iosc. iii. 5: the A R 1 STO LO C H [ A is
mentioned by Cicero the “ pontica” kind, by Pliny xxv. 54 as the most celebrated; and the
anstolochiae masculae ” is descnbed by him as having an oblong root as thick as a staff and four
digits in length, supposed to impart the power of generating males : A. clematitis is termed “ a. cle-
matitis recta” by Tournefort inst. 162; and is known to grow in vineyards and hedges in Italy and
throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 1235, Pers., A. Dec., and Lenz) : from
Its name Saracen's birthwort, is conjectured by Bromfield to have been introduced into Britain durin»
the crusades, is mentioned by Gerarde, and Parkinson, as a cultivated plant only, but has since
become naturalized (Wats.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos and along the
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