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“ 1713, Mardi 30th ” (Blair, Anders, iii. 50, and Holmes), signing of the treaty of Utrecht : France
ceding to Britain the island of St Christopher, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Bay and Straits
of Hudson. On the news reaching New England, the aboriginals on the Eastern frontier sued for and
obtained peace. The French perceiving that the island of Cape Breton was not expressly mentioned,
formed a settlement there in “ Angust,” and claimed to be its first inhabitants.
“ The same y e a r ” (Krashenin. hist., and Bickmore), Kunashir, the twentieth Kurile island from
the continent, reached by a Cossack.
“ In this year ” (Pall. trav. ii. 524), by the Swedish officials in Tobolsk, a school established and
instruction given in Latin, French, German, geometry, geography, and drawing. — Its reputation soon
became widely extended, but in consequence of the Treaty of Neustadt the strangers withdrew.
“ 1714, Aug. 1 s t ” (Nicol ), Anne .succeeded by George, now king of United Britain.
“ The same y e a r ” (Keith 173, univ. hist. xii. 549, and Holmes), the Alleghany mountains crossed
by Alexander Spotswood, lieutenant governor of Virginia. The country beyond as far as tlie Mississippi,
though traversed by the French, having been concealed from the knowledge of the English.
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), De la Loubere publishing his Descript. Siam.
“ 1715, March 5th ” (Salmon chron. hist., and Holmes), the aurora borealis first seen in England,
from “ evening to near 3 o’clock in the morning, to the great consternation of the people.”
“ The same y e a r ” (N ico l), Louis X IV . succeeded by Louis X V ., as king of France.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hewet i. 22S, and Holmes), in Southern Carolina, general conspiracy among
the Yaniassees and other aboriginal tribes for exterminating the White settlers. Of these, “ ninety”
were surprised and slain in and around Pocotaligo ; war followed in all directions ; but the Yaniassees
were finally defeated, and the remnant of the tribe found refuge in the Spanish territory of Florida.
A Catalogue of the Beaufort garden, in the handwriting of Sloane, contains Mcseinbryanthemuiii
albidum, scalpratum, pugionifoi'me, noctiflorum, spinosum, muricatum, acinaciforme, tuberosum, perfoliatum,
micans, and hispidum. — Sloane died “ in 1753” (Spreng. gesch. ii. 83-115).
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Garidel publishing his Plantes d’Aix, enumerating
Euphrasia viscosa pl. 80, and Iberis linifolia 105. — He died in “ 1737.”
“ 1716 A, D.” (Salmon chron. hist., and Holmes), sailing of two French ships from the river
Mississippi ; being the first that carried away merchandize from the colony in Louisiana.
“ In this year ” (Linn. fl. suec.), Linder publishing his Flora Wiksbergensis. — He died “ in 1724”
(Spreng.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Anton. Danty d’ Isnard publishing his memoir on Celastrus scandens :
— “ in 1717,” on Lamium orvala, and L . Garganicum : “ in 1719,” on Centaurea Isnardi, and
C. Lippii : “ in 1720,” on Euphorbia cereiformis, and E . aiiacantha : and “ in 1724/’ Sisymbrium
supinum.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Bradley publishing his Plant. S u c cu l, enumerating Crassula tetragona
V. pl. I I , Cereus hexagonus i . i ; Mesetnbryanthemum caninum, tortuosum, calaniiforme, pugioniforme,
dolabi-ifoi-rne, tenuifolium, splendens, micans, spinosum, crassifolium, glaucum, uncinatum, albidum,
perfoliatum, and falcaium. — The publication was completed in “ 1727,” and he died in “ 1732.”
At this time (Spreng.), Maria S. Merian writing her Insects of Surinam, describing among plants
Costus Merianoe pl. 36, Cassia bicapsulai'is 58, Mullera moniliformis 35, and Genipa Meriance 43.—
She died in “ 1717,” and her work was published in “ 1726.”
“ 1717 A. D .” (Charlev., Du Pratz, and Holmes), on the Lower Mississippi, founding of the city
of New Orleans. The commerce of Massachusetts, of Boston and Salem, at this time employing
“ four hundred and ninety-two ships,” measuring “ twenty-five thousand four hundred and six tons,”
and manned by “ three thousand four hundred and ninety-three ” seamen (Hutch, ii. i n ) .
“ The same y e a r ” (Pauth. 447), the emperor Khang-hi warned by a travelled mandarin against
the enterprising character of Europeans, their formidable ships armed with cannon, and especially
against the Dutch.
In this year (Spreng.), Petiver continuing his descriptions of plants, including Chionanthus Vir-
ginica hort. sicc. 241, Isolepis supina phil. trans. 282. 1253, I. Antarctica p. t. 282. 1261, Cyperus
exaltatus mus. 539, Galium saxatile herb. 30. 6, Chenopodium Jicifolium herb. 8. .3, A triplex litloralis
herb. 7. 4, Erica glutinosa mus. 161, Sibthorpia Europæa herb. 6. 11, Arabis liispiaa herb. 50. 3, Soli-
dago Cambrica herb. 16. 11, “ clilorius marianus trifolius subtus glaucus ” Clitoria Mariana Cxcc. v.
243 (Pers.), Stylosanthes elatior sicc. 84, “ gramen pratense majus virginianum ” Tricuspis seslerioides
mus. 239, “ phaseolus marianus scandens floribus comosis” mus, 453 Galadia comosa (“ Glycine” of
Linn., and “ Galactia mollis ” of Mx.), Helianthus angustifolius mus. 103. — He died “ in 1718,” and
a collected edition of liis works was published “ in 1764.”
“ In this and the following y e a r ” (Sprang.), Schober following the banks of the Volga and shore
of the Caspian as far as Hyrcania or Northwestern Persia.
“ 1718 A. D.” (univ. hist. xii. 336, and Holmes), New Providence, one of the Bahama Islands,
having become the resort of pirates, seized by an English fleet under Woods Rogers ; and comparative
security extended to the commerce of the West Indies. — In the following year, an attack by a Spanish
fleet from Havanna, was repelled (Hewet i. 243, and Ramsay i. 5.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Henr. Bern. Ruppius publishing his Flor. Jenensis,
enumerating Senecio sylvaticus. — He died “ in 1719.”
Chærophyllum aureum of the mountains of middle Europe. Observed by Ruppius iii. pl. 5 in the
environs of Jena, — and known to grow from Svyitzerland nearly as far as Belgium (Jacq. austr. pl. 64,
Pers., and A. Dec.). In Britain, e.scaped from cultivation was found “ in 1809 or a little earlier”
between Arbroath and Montrose, and near Edinburgh (Engl. bot. pl. 2103), is mentioned by Hooker
“ ill 1821 ” as still existing in Scotland, but has since disappeared.
“ 1719 A. D .” (Smith 191, and Holmes), a Presbyterian church first founded in New York.
“ Dec. 17th” (Trumbull, coll. hist. ii. 14, and Holmes), the aurora borealis first seen in New
England ; beginning “ about 8 o’clock in the evening,” and filling Ihe country with alarm.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Scheuchzer publishing his Agrostographia, enumerating
Scirpus campestris pl. 7. f. 19, X. baeothryon 7. 21, Eriophorum Scheuchzeri agg. pl. 7, Holcus mollis
4. 25, Festuca rubra 6. 9, F . pratensis 4. 6, Bromus Ligusticus 6. 13, B. squarrosus 5. \ \ ,B . giganteus
5. 17, Avena versicolor aqrj. 3. 3, Calamagrostis speciosa 3. 11, Elymus Europaeus i. i, Luzula spadicea
6. 3, Carex Davalliana 11. 9. 10, C. foetida app. 4. 3, C. curvula 11. 7, C. lobata 11. 8, C. alba
10. 4. 5, C. clandestina 10. I, C. collina 10. 8. 9, C. brachystachys 10. 7, C. limosa 10. 15, C. filiformis
10. II, and Restio triticeus 7. 15. 16. — He died “ in 1737.”
Eragrostis pilosa of Central Asia. An annual grass described by Scheuchzer agrost. pl. 4 —
(Spreng.), Linnæus, Dubois, Pallas, Suter, Villars, and Beauvois (Steud.) ; known to occur in Italy
and Carniolia (Pers.), also in Tauria and Siberia (Kunth) ; and observed by Delile growing spon-
taneou,sly near Cairo. By European colonists carried to Northeast America, was observed by Torrey
as far North as 41°; by myself, near Philadelphia; by Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania and New Jersey,
ancl received from Illinois; and according lo A. Gray, is “ naturalized ” in “ sandy or gravelly waste
places, S. New England to Illinois, and southward.”
Elymus crinitus of the Mediterranean countries. An annual grass described by Scheuchzer
agrost. 20, — Schreber ii. pl. 24, and Pallas: observed by Buxbaum cent. i. pl. 52, and Sibthorp,
around Smyrna ; by Forskal, near Constantinople ; by D ’Urville, on the island of Milo ; and is termecl
“ hordeum crinitum” by Desfontaines (Steud.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Jos. Monti publishing his Prodr. stirp. bonon., enumerating CyPeriis
Monti.
In this year ( = seven years after his arrival in Virginia, Spreng,), Catesby visiting Carolina,
Florida, and the Bahama Islands, meeting with Fraxinus Caroliniana i. So, Catesbaea spinosa ii. 100,
Ipomoea Carolina ii. 19, Gardenia clusiaefolia i. 59, Vinca lutea ii. 53, Rhus elegans app. 4, Amyris
elemifera ii. 33,* Silene Catesbaei ii. 43, Magnolia grandiflora ii. 80, Anona glabra ii. 64, Crescentia
jasminoides i. 59, Tecoma pentaphylla \. 3, Jacaranda Caroliniana i. 42, Eryth,ina herbácea ii. 49,
Epidendrum nocturnum ii. 68, Thoradendron rubrum ii. 81, Sm ilax aristolochiaefolia i. 47, Acacia
glauca ii. 42, Convolvulus sagitt i f oil us i. 35, Laurus (Tersen) Catesbyana ii. 28, Symflocos tinctoria i.
p. 54. And as appears from his herbarium, Clematis Catesbyana, C. ovata, Seymeria cassioides, S .fe c ti-
nata. Ambrosia hispida, Lysimachia lanceolata.— Het returned to Europe “ in 1722-6,” published his
Nat. hist. Car. “ in 1731-43,” and died “ in 1749.”
“ 1720 A. D .” (Hewet i. 290, and Holmes), through the action of the people of Carolina, the
charter of the proprietary government annulled : leaving themselves under the immediate protection
of the British crown.
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Messerschmid on his way to Tobolsk.f
* Amyris to.vifera of Florida and the West Indies. A shrub or small tree called in South Florida
torch-wood (Chapm.) : described by Catesby i. pl. 40 — (P e rs .); observed by N. A. Ware in Florida ■
and known to grow in the West Indies (De c .). Transported to Europe, is termed “ toxicodendrum
pinnatum ” by Miller (Steud.).
t Astragalus meWotoides of the Mongolian plains. Observed by Messerschmid — (.Ymm. 119
n. 157), and Gmelin iv. 38 n. 51, in Siberia ; by Pallas iv. 370 to 713, on the Upper Selenga.
Trifolium hedysaroides of the Mongolian plains, Suffruticose, observed by Messerschmid 1724
— (Amm. 154), and Gmelin fl. 31 n. 39, in Siberia; by Pallas iv. 379 to 715, on the Upper Selenga.
Campanula verticillata of D.rouria. Observed by Messerschmid — (Amm. 18), and Sokolof in
Daouria (Pall. trav. iv. 610 to 690). ’
Totentilla geoides of Siberia. Observed by Messerschmid hodeget., — and Pallas iv. 6gS in
Siberia. ■ ? >
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