Y»“
A m p é l o p s i s q u i n q u e f o l i a of Northeast America. T h e f i v e - l e a v e d creeper^ transported to Europe
and cultivated at Paris more than five years before — the account by Cornuti pl. 100 of the “ edera
quinquefolia Canadensis : ” cultivated more generally throughout Europe for ornamenting walls, it
has in some localities become naturalized (A. D e c .): was observed by Forskal at Constantinople.
Westward, was received by Hooker from Lake Huron ; was observed by Michaux from Canada to
Virginia ; by myself, wild in the forest from 45° to 38° along the Atlantic ; by Elliot, in South Carolina
; by Baldwin, on Bermuda and to 31° in Florida ; by Bartram, to 28° ; and by E. James, along
the Arkansas.
“ The same y e a r ” (Lubke and Lutrow), at Madura in Southern Hindustan, commencement of
the great hall of the Tschultri of the temple.
“ The same y e a r ” (art de verif.), Mustafa succeeded by Amurath IV. or Murad IV., eighteenth
Turkish sultan. Coins of Murad IV. issued at Cairo, are figured in Marcel p. 215.
“ 1624 A. D. = 4th vear of the ‘ thian-ki ’ of Hi-tsoung, ancl 9th year of Thian-ming,” Mantchou
ruler of Northern China (Chinese chron. table). To this time (as described by P. Alvarez Semedo),
the Chinese wore their hair: but Liao-toung being recaptured by the Mantchous, an edict was issued,
c o m p e l l i n g the inhabitants to shave the head after the manner of the Mantchous. — The edict was
afterwards extended to the whole of China, and the Mantchou fashion becoming universal, has continued
so to the present day.
“ The same y e a r ” (Prince, Hubbard, and Holmes), a settlement commenced on Cape Ann, and
a fishing-stage set up there for the Plymouth settlers.
“ In this year ” (C. Francis biogr. Ell.), publication in London of “ Good newes from New-England
” by Edward Winslow.
“ Aug. 26th ” (Rymer, and Holmes), the Virginia charter having been annulled, a new commission
for the government, issued by king James : the governor and council to be appointed during the
kino-’s pleasure ; and no assembly was mentioned, nor allowed.
In this y e a r ” (A. Dec. g. b. 627), Marc. Zuer. Boxhorn publishing his “ Origines gallicae.” It
contains the “ Botanologium” of John Davies, in which about a thousand plants are enumerated
under their Welsh and Latin names.
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page). Sir Wm. Alexander publishing his Encouragement to colonies.
From information collected, he describes Port Royal in Nova Scotia as having “ land fit to be
laboured lying betweene ” the meadows overflowed by the tide and “ the woods, which doe compassé
all about with very faire trees of sundry sorts, as oakes ” ( Q u e r c u s r u b r a ? } , “ ash ” ( F r a x i n u s s a m b
u c i f o l i a ) , “ f l a y n t s " ( A c e r s a c c h a r i n u m ) , “ maple” ( A c e r r u b r u m ) , “ b e e ch ” ( F a g u s f e r r u g i n e a ) ,
“ b ir ch ” ( B e l u l a f a f y r a c e a ) , “ cypresse” ( T h u y a O c c i d e n t a l i s ) , “ p in e ” ( S t r o b u s A m e r i c a n u s ) ,
“ a x U v t " ( A b i e s b a l s a m e a ) .
“ 1625, March 27th ” (Nicol. p. 340, Alsted p. 587 giving “ 26th”), James succeeded by his son
Charles, second king of United Britain, and a Catholic.
“ May 13th ” (Chalmers, and Holmes), proclamation of king Charles ; placing Virginia under the
immediate direction of tlie crown, and ordering all patents and processes to issue in his own name.
Fears now began to prevail. Lest the Engli.sh ecclesiastical government should be extended over the
colonies (Bradf.). • „ .
“ The same y e a r ” (Smith, Dough, and Hohnes), Roger Conant in removing from Nantasket to
Cape Ann, found a place called Naumkeak, which he judged suitable for a settlement, and sent notice
to his friends in England.
Paris, — and termed “ polygonatum spicatum” by Cornuti pl. 32 and 34, and “ Virginian’s Salomon s
s e a le ” by T. Johnson ?d it. Gerarde 905); described also by Morison xv. pl. 4, and Stapel. Westward,
the “ Virginia Salomon’s se a l” was seen by Josselyn 45 in New England: S. stellata, by
Michaux in Canada ; by myself, from 47° 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 42° along the»Allantic ;
by Torrey, to 41° on the Hudson; by Pursh, from Canada to the Alleghanies of Virginia; by Nut-
tall, from Lake Erie to the Arkansas, the Missouri as far as the Mandans, and the sources of the
Columbia. ,
B i g n o n i a ( T e c o m a ) r a d i c a n s of Northeast America. Tlie t r u m p e l - f l o w e r , a procumbent woody
vine clfmbing by rootlets, transported to Europe arid Paris as early as this date, — as appears trom
the account of the “ gelseminum ederaceiim ” by Cornuti pl. 103 ; described also by Morison , continues
under cultivation for ornament; and according to Graham has been recently introduced into
the gardens of Hindustan. Westward, was observed by myself wild in openings and on the margin
of the forest from 40° to 38° along the Atlantic ; by Cate.sby i. pl. 65, and Elliot, in South C aroling
by N. A. Ware, in Florida ; by Chapman, “ Florida to North Carolina, and westward ; ” by Nuttall,
and E. James, on the Arkansas ; and by Beck, on the Mississippi near St. Louis.
943
‘ ‘ In this year ” (title-page), in a compilation published at Edinburgh, entitled “ Encouragements,”
and in which North American productions are enumerated, mention is made of dyes, “ for blew tlie
herbe woad” ( B a p t i s i a t i n c t o r i a ) .
“ The same y e a r ” (Maunder), first permanent settlement of the English on Barbadoes.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Tobias Aldini publishing his Plant, rar. hort. Fames., enumerating
H e l l e b o r u s l i v i d u s .
“ 1626, _ February ” (Henault, and Holmes), by the English Commons, a b ili passed for the freedom
of fishing along die American coast. The bill not being returned from the House of lords ; the
commons vindicated its authority by refu.sing to grant a second subsidy, and was dissolved. Now
commenced the quarrels between king Charles and parliament; the latter perceiving that he wished
to absorb power and render himself independent.
“ The same y e a r ” (Blair), League against the emperor Ferdinand II., of the Protestant princes
of Germany, the Dutch, and Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden.
“ 1627 A. D. = tst year of Thian-tsoung,” Mantchou ruler of Northern China (Chinese chron
table).
“ January ” (N Shaw edit. Champí, p. Ixii), on the St. Lawrence, death of Hebert, according to
Champlain “ the first head of a family who lived by what he cultivated.”
“ March ” (Morton, and Holmes), letters of friendship received at Plymouth from the Dutch
settlers of New Netherlands.
“ September” (Alst.), treaty of peace between the emperor Ferdinand II. and the Turks.
A t this lime (Spreng,, and Winckler), Georg Fuiren writing. — He died “ in 1628.”
“ The same year ” (Maunder), Jahangir succeeded by his son Shah Jehan, now emperor of Hindustan.—
In whose reign, the Seiks, “ a new set of religionists,” silently “ established themselves
along the eastern mountains.”
“ 1628 A. D. = ‘ tsoung-tching,’ is t year of Hoai-tsoung-ming-ti ” or Hoai-tsoung, “ ofth e M in g ”
or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). In the reign of Hoai-tsoung (official documents
quoted by P. Martin Martini, and Pauth. p. 424), China contained “ 10,728,787 families, and 58-
917,683 males.”
“ September” (Alst. p. 561 and 591), end of the chronicle of Alsted.
“ Sept. 6th ” (Bradf., Holmes, and Felt, archæol. Amer. p. 8), arrival of John Endecott, bringing a
charter for the separate colony of Massachusetts : extending from three miles North of the Merrimack
to three miles South of Charles river, and within these limits to the Pacific. Endecott established
himself at Naumkeak, founding there the second important town in New England ; Plymouth
being the first.— “ For Salem was the next of any fame, That began to augment New England’s
name ” (poem ascribed to governor Bradford).
Before the close of the year (Prince, and Holmes), by general consent of the New England colonists,
Thomas Morton seized, and sent to England : For persisting in selling fire-arms to the natives.
“ 162g, March 4th ” (Blair), nine members of the Commons of England imprisoned for their
speeches by king Cliarles. “ The same day ” (Holmes), the Massachusetts charter confirmed by king
Charles, under the name “ The governor and company of the Massachusetts Bay ; ” to have perpetual
succession, and annually elect out of their own number a governor, deputy governor, and eighteen
assistants ; and to make laws not repugnant to the laws of England. "
“ April 30th ” (Holmes), the above officers of the Massachusetts Company having been elected,
a meeting at London, and a lorm of government for the new colony adopted : to be administered by
a Council of the colonist.s themselves, including John Endecott as governor. “ Aug. 29th” (Holmes),
several persons “ of consiclerable importance” having resolved to remove to Massachusetts “ for thè
unmolested enjoyment of their religion,” and unwilling to be governed by laws made without their
consent; an agreement for the transfer of the charter, so that the corporate powers should be executed
in New England. In accordance with this arrangement, John Winthrop was elected governor
of the Company, to proceed to New England.
“ June ” (Clialmers i. 142, Holmes, and Higgeson, hist. coll. i. p. 120), arrival of about “ two
hundred” colonists at Naumkeak or Salem: where they found only governor Endecott and “ eight
hovels ; ” the whole colony containing at this time but “ one hundred planters.”
“ The same year ” (N. E. prosp. i. lo), arrival of William Wood in New England. Residing it
would seem, principally in Plymouth colony, he met with : an ash, “ different from the a.sh of England,
being brittle and good for little ” ( F r a x i n u s p u b e s c e n s ) i. 6 ; “ ever-trembling asps ” ( P o p u l u s
t r e m u l o i d e s ) ; tlie “ red oake ” ( Q u e r c u s r u b r a ) ; and a third kind, the “ blacke ” ( Q u e r c u s t in c t o r i a ) . *
* Q u e r c u s t i n c t o r i a of Northeast America. The b l a c k or q u e r c i t r o n o a k , a large tree, clearly the
“ blacke oake ” seen by W. Wood in Eastern Massachusetts: — observed by myself from Lat. 44°
througliout New England; by A. Gray, “ common” in central New York ; by Bartram, in Pennsylill.,
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