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called in Greece “ iva artètèka” (Sibth.), in which we recognize the a pTU Tl Kh of Alexander Trab
hanus : — S. Africana was observed by Sibthorp on the island of Zacynthus. Westward, “ seme arte-
tice ” are prescribed medicinally by Franciscus Pedemontium ff. i8ó and 201 ; S. Africana is described
by Hermann parad. pl. 219; is termed “ s. africana arborescens maxima foliis rugosis et crenatis integris
major ” by Tournefort inst. 465 ; ‘and is attributed by Persoon to Africa as well as the East. By
European colonists, has recently been introduced by the way of Austral Africa into Hindustan
(Graham).
D a p h n e zn c z e r e tiin of middle Europe? A shrub called in Greece “ mèzairèòn” (Sibth.), and
the imported drug at Patna on the Ganges “ mameera” (Irvine 256); in which we recognize the
m a m s i p a c of Alexander Trallianus ii. 5 ,— “ mamèra” of Paulus Aegineta, “ mezereum” of Apuleius
Barbarus i i i , and “ mazariun ” of Elhur, Hobaisch, Elthabari, and Ebn Baitar: D. mezereum
was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus; is described by old English writers as growing in
Germany and cultivated in gardens in Britain, where it has since become completely naturalized (Mill.,
and Wats.); is termed “ thymelaea lauri folio deciduo” by Tournefort inst. 595 ; and is reoarded as
indigenous in Germany and France (fl. Dan. pl. 26S, Pers., and A. Dec.), The bark accordino- to
Lmdley is “ excessively acrid,” is collected in Germany “ and dried for medicinal use,” is employed in
France “ under the name of ‘ garou ’ to produce vesication,” and in Britain “ is frequently employed as
a topical remedy for toothach.”
“ In this y e a r ” (. . . . Humb. cosm. i.), a c o r t te ij the third one whose orbit is known from
Chinese observations.
“ In this y e a r ” (Cockayne note to Leechb. i. 40), the s m a l l p o x ih France, — and “ in 572” appeared
in Arabia. The disease is described also by Ahrun (Spreng. hist. med. vi. 5), Maserjawia
(Steinschn. ii. 22), Abu Zeid, and “ in 923” by Rhazes.
566 A. D. (Coripp., and Clint.), consulship of Justin II. — The years in which, were again
numbered consecutively.
“ The same year ” (Clint.), end of the chronicle of Victor Tununensis. Also, of the chronicle of
the anonymous continuator of Marcellinus.
In this year ( = “ 491 an. jav.” of Nata Kasuma, Raffles x.), after the conclusion of the Brata
Yudha or war of the Pandus, death of Suyudana. Punta Dewa, son of Pandu Dewa Nata, now became
ruler at Astina over the united Hindu colonies on Java.
“ 5Ó7 A. D.” (Joann, Abbas, and Clint, iv. p. 824), at Narbo, Athanagild succeeded by Liuva, as
Gothic king of Spain.
“ The same year ” — ‘ kouang-ta,’ ist year of Tchou-pe-tsoung, of the T ch in ” or Thirteenth
dynasty (Chinese chron. table).
One hundred' and forty-sixth generation. Sept. ist, 567, onward- mostly beyond youth : Jacobus
of Edessa (Alst. p. 389) : the Greek historians, Menander Protector, Joannes of Epiphaneia, Joannes
Malalas, and Theophanes of Byzantium; the Greek ecclesiastical writers, Eulogius of Alexandria,
and the ecclesiastical historian Evagrius : the Latin ecclesiastical writers, Joannes Biclariensis, Venan-
tius Fortunatus.
“ 568, A p r i l ” (Paul. Diac., Blair, and Clint.), by Invitation of Narses who had been deprived of
his command, the Lombards under their king Alboin leaving Pannonia establish themselves in Italy.
— From Constantinople, exarchs were sent to Ravenna against the Lombards.
“ The same y e a r ” (Isidor., and Clint), Liuva Gothic king of Spain, succeeded by his brother
Leuvigild.
“ The same y e a r ” (Menand. Protect., Theophan. Byzant., Joann. Epiphan., and Clint.), arrival in
Constantinople of an embassy from a distant people called “ Tourkoi ” (Turks) ; now first mentioned
in history.
“ In this y e a r ” (Humb. cosm. i.), a c om e t ; the fourth one whose orbit is known from Chinese
observations.
“ 569 A. D. = ‘ tai-kien,’ ist year of Hiouan-ti I I . ” or Siouan-ti, of the Tchin or Thirteenth
dynasty — (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 279),
“ In this y e a r ” (Menand. 380, and Klapr. mem. ii. 389), Zemarkh sent by Ju.stin II. to Dizaboiil
khan of the Turks, encamped among the Altaian mountains. Dizaboiil, by the Chinese called Ti theou
pouli, received the ambassador Zemarchus, and presented a XSpXIC female slave. According to
Humboldt cosm. i, the Kirghis, originally a Finnish tribe, — are called “ kirkiz ” by Abulgazi hist,
mong.; liie on the Steppes inducing among them, the Baschkirs (Fins), the Turks (Ti Tukiu), the
Torgodi and Dsungari (Mongolians), the same nomadic habits, including felt tents carried on wagons
and pitched among herds of cattle.
A r t em i s ia p a n c i f lo r a of the Uralian plains. Called by the Kirghis “ juschann,” and from early
times supplying feed for sheep in the winter— (Pall.) : observed by Gmelin ii. pl. 52 along the Volga
(Pers.) ; by Pallas trav. i. 367 and 770, abounding in arid subsaline soil on the Yaik, exceedingly
fragrant, and its bitterness not unpleasant.
C a t o s p e r m u m p a p f o s u m of the plains of middle Asia from the Caspian to Tropical Arabia
Called m Yemen “ samham ” or “ smlaam” (Forsk.), by the Cossacks on the Yaik “ veriovnik ’" a !d
known from early times, - observed on the Yaik by Pallas trav. i. 435 ; by Forskal p. 48, on the’ basal
t y Y / r i s a i“ au""o° the clustered flowers lanate and pappus^like. C I L L u , observed
by Lewis, and JNuttall, on the Upper Missouri, may prove distinct
S c o r z o n e r a c a r i c t fo l ia of the Uralian plains. Called by the Kirgliis “ idschelik,” and eaten as »reens
C ram b e O r ie n t a l i s of the Uralian plains. Called by the Cossacks on the Lower Vol»a “ white
katran and from early times its stem and root eaten crude, — observed by Pallas v. 170'^ received
by Bieberstein from the country around the Taurian mountains and termed “ c. aspera.” hi Britain
S . T r t e a / T Y e c ' T ' ™ (Wats.
C f i s u s W o / g a r ic u s of the Uralian plains. A beautiful many-stemmed bush called “ tamahnes-
chil-ebessyn camel-sinew, and from early times valued as feed for horses and sheep but not eaten
by c am e l s , - observed by Pallas v. 203 to 510 from the Lower Volga to tributaries of t’he Don
A s t r a g a lu s a c e r of the Uralian plains. Called on the Lower Volga “ chlopounzi ” and from
(Sibth.) , IS termed glaux by Rivinus tetrap. pl. ro8, “ a. luteus perennis siliqua »emella rotunda
vesicara 1 eferente by Tournefort mst. 416 ; and is known to grow as far West as Austria Germanv
Switzerland, and Italy (Jacq. austr. pi. 251, Moench, and Pers.). ’
A s t r a q a lu s a r e n a r iu s of the Uralian plains. Called by the Cossacks of the Upper Irtich
tchiltchasnam-trava, and Irom early times given to horses afflicted with the stranMes -/ refoll 1 •
obsenied by Gmehn iv. pl 21 in Siber ia; by Pallas iii. 143, on the Irtich beyond O n r t ^ '
( v M Z T T T T ‘ I™*'"® 0 ‘ ft® «to Yaik “ stepnaia polin ”
K s i Y i / t e t e ' " early times : observed by Gmelin ii. pl. 52 in Siberia and t e r t a r y ; by
1 alias 1. I l l to 433, from 55° on the Volga to the Yaik. ^
S a u s s u r e a a m a r a of the Uralian plains. Called by Cossacks of the Yaik “ gorkaia t ra va ”
(Pall), strongly but agreeably bitter, and from early times employed medicinally in intermittent
t e / s ’ t e i t e t e t e V ' " ’" " ' ' b i t e s : - t e rm e d “ jacea erecta minor lati-
“ Y o w t e S ib t e a ( S t e " ) '■ ft'- “ ' '• °® ‘ ft® ft®-® ^ f t -w n
E u p h o r b ia a g r a r ia of the Uralian plains. Called on the Lower Yaik “ koura,” and known from
“ k i s i r t e t e t e / T f t * ' “ - ‘ ft® ™ ‘ ft® Yaik “ joujovnik ” also
the C M n t e t e l i s ! / ™ " " ‘®®®^’ ~ “ b"®-®« 5 P " » - i. 691 on chalky hills within
. 7 + + + . “ , « tt“ " •" ' t a Caspia., , 3 d
and N T X T ' fty ‘ ft® Cossacks on the Upper Irtich “ prounez ”
and fiom early times u.sed medicinally, - observed thefe by Pallas iii. .87 ft ’
“ s t e p f a h l t e l t e T T t e T «to Uralian plains. Called by the Kirghis “ kisiltscha,” by the Russians
^»lepnaia malina (1 all.), and its berries eaten from early times : — observed bv p i l a s iii r8n nn
the Upper Irtich ; and known to grow as far West as Hungary (Pers.). ^
of “ X T A ‘ ft® ft®"'*® P'"'®"- ft" "®®'ft ®"«y «toes brought under the name
t e e t e t e V t e ' “ - t e " " "/ft®™'" - 0 ®®"> " ‘ ft® P '" " ‘ ®ft"®'--« 5 Gmelin ii. pl. 5 1 /
toens de’scrffled ^ t e b e í / r ’y t e ' í t e S t e ' " ^ft"*'
iii i s V o i T T ft'"'®'- "ró known from early times : - observed by Pallas
and my e l f t e V t e e t e / d r i f " «®® .ftPP®® '®‘ * f t ‘ h® Y a ik ; by Forskal p. 18, Delile,
the bafe of t e T t e Y " ’™’ T ®"‘ "'® ®"™® S''"®® ' Sibthorp, and Chaubard, fron?
anclis’ kiiofn o o " " " l ‘ ft® «eloponnesus; is described also by Matthioli pl. 709;
cmril l V ft™-« Southern France, Spain, and Barbary. By European colonists wa?
f f l f e l o t e t e toVmerica, observed by myself in the streets of Philadelphia. ‘ J / ™ J™
fflyself,1n Eg/pL“ '" »®“ '^‘®» ’® ®’ °®® sltoltered and fertile situations, was observed by Delile, an’d
t e
' Y,