91. I, Arctopus echinatus l, Drosera Capensis 75. t, Crassula columnaris ix. 2, C. alternifolia 24. i,
Daphne squarrosa 49. t, Gnidia sericea 49. 2 ; Passerina capitata, ciliata, and*uniflora 47. 1 .2 to
48. 3 ; Zygophyllum spinosum 2. 2; Cotyledon caryophyllacea, fascicularis, mucronata, tuberculosa,
papillari:, and ungulata 17 to 22. i ; Gridum tenuifolium 53; Oxaiis polyphylla, flava, rubella,
caprina, Burmanni, anà pedinata 27. i to 30. i ; Knowltonia gracilis 51, K . hirsuta 52, Selago rapun-
culoides 42. I, X. spuria 42. 3, Nemesia bicornis 75. 3, Haltera elliptica 89. I, H . lucida 89. 2,
Hebenstreitia ciliata 41. I, Erinus fragrans 49. 4, E . Africanus 50. i, Manulea villosa 50. 2 ; Pelar-
goiiium bifolium, lotigifolium, ferulaceum, and ramosissimum 32. 2 to 36. i ; Monsonia tenuifolia
34. I, Aiioiiia Capensis 21. 2, Geranium spinosum 31, Polygala umbdlata.73- 5i Pentsia flabdli-
formis 68. 3 ; Gnaphalium mucronatum, coronatum, grandiflorum, petiolatum, maritimum, auriculatum,
discolor, stellatum, imbricatum, and notatum 66. 3 to 80. 3 ; Helichrysum paniculatum,
spinosum, and canescens 67. i to 68. i ; Arnica Tabularis, gerbera, anà pyrolaefolia 55 to 56. 2;
Arctotis anthemoides, dentaia, and paleacea 63. 2 to 65. i ; Osteospermum ciliatum, pisiferum, and
ilicifolium 61. I to 62; Othonna dentictilata 59, Stoebe gnaphalodes 77. i, Euclea racemosa 84. 2,
and Hennas depauperata 71.2. — He completed the work “ in 1739 i ” died “ in 1780” (Spreng.).
“ 1739 A. D.” (univ. hist. xl. 462, and Postlethwayt i. 360), treaty of commissioner Oglethorpe
with the Chickasaws and Creeks ; Declaring the right of these tribes to the territory as far South
as the St. John’s river and Apalache Bay, excluding Spanish settlers therefrom, and confirming the
grant to the English of the land along the coast from the Savannah river to the St, John’s.
“ Oct. 23d” (Raynal v. go, Hewet, and Holmes), difficulties having arisen in regard to the suppression
of contraband trade, war declared by Britain against Spain.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after his Iter alpin. “ in 1731,” Method, “ in 1736,” Haller publishing
his Iter Helvet, enumerating Saxifraga muscmdes i. pl. i.
“ In this ye ar” (W in ck l), Gronovius publishing his Flor. Virg., descriptions of plants observed
by Clayton in Virginia, including “ quercus rubra seu hispanica” (Q. falcata, Brendel in Amer.
Nat. for 1870), Cynthia dandelion irq, C. Virginica 113, Graiiola Virginica, Cynoglossum Virgini-
cum 19, Asclepias rubra 27, Toflddia pubens, Eriocaulon gnaphalodes, Panicum dichotomum, Hypericum
prolificum,— the work was completed “ in 1743 ; ” Gronovius issued a second edition “ in 1762,”
and died in the same year. Tipularia discolor, Asclepias phytjlaccoides, Uiricularia subulata, U.
gibba, Schollera graminea, Fimbristylis cylindrica, Scirpus ( Trichelostylis) autumnalis. Stipa
avenacea 138, Erianthus saccharoides 133, Holcus? striatus, Osmunda interrupta, Plantago Caroliniana
753, ■Centaurella Virginica, Lycopsis Virginica 140, Sabbatia paniculata, Andromeda (Leu-
cothoe) racemosa, Sedum ternatum, Ilysanthes gratioloides 3, Cardamine rhomboidea 99, Lobelia
Claytoni [35, Phaseolus perennis (Ph.), Psoralea mdilotoides n. 103, Arnica Claytoni 37, Erigeron
vernum, Platanthera blephariglottis n. 560, P . bracteata 136, Goodyera? obsoleta 137, Ponlhieva
púbera 137, Liparis liliifolia n. 138—40, Thaspúcm trifoliatum 43, Viburnum acerifolium 47, Sedum
pulchellum 71, Jeffersonia diphylla 81, Thalictrum dioicuni 85, “ draba caule nudo foliis hispidis ”
Draba Caroliniana 98, Sisymbrium canescens p. 100, Aeschynomene hispida p. 109, Arnica nudicaidis
p. 126, Lippia lanceolata 7, Lycopus Virginicus 8, Rhynchospora glomerata 131, Eleocharis capitata
12, Panicum virgatuin 133, Brizopyrum spicatum Clayt, 507, Spartina cynosuroides 134, Gymnosti-
chum hystrix, Anychia Canadensis 14, Ammania ramosior Clayt. 774, “ saginas affinis planta minima
floribus a lb is ” C la y t mss. 649 Centaurella Virginica (verna Mx.), Calystegia spithamcea 141, Polemonium
reptans 22, Sabbatia chloroides 27, Ilea Virginica 143, Galax aphylla 25, Z iz ia integerrima
148, Viburnum nudum 33, Rumex vertieillahis 39, Sagittaria subzilata 153, Dirca palustris 155,
Hydrangea vulgaris 50, Saxifraga Virginica 160, Penthorum sedoides 51, Nesaea verticillata 52,
Lythrum lineare 162, Ertphorbia ipecacuanhce 58, “ mespilus inermis foliis oblongis integris acu-
minatis serratis parvis utrinque viridibus ” 163 Cratcegiis viridis (“ C. arborescens” of E l l? ) ,
“ Ij thrum foliis petiolatis ” 52 Cuphea viscosissima, Linaria Canadensis 67, Buchnera Americana 74,
Arabis lyrata 99, Galactia glabella 82, Desmodium nudiflorum 107, Lespedeza hirta 108, L. violacea,
108, Trifolium rcflexum'à. n. n o ; “ h. floribus digynis foliis ovatis sessilibus” wa Ascyrum muti-
lum ( “ A. stan s” of Mx.), “ h. floribus digynis foliis linearibus” 88 Ascyrum setosum ( “ A. crux-
Andreae” of Am. auct.), A . crux-Andrece 113 ( “ A. amplexicaule of Mx.) ; “ sonchus pedunculis
hispidis floribus racemo.sis foliis rimcinatis” 115 Mtilgedium macrophyllum ( “ Sonchus Canadens
i s ” of Linn, and “ m. acuminatum” of D e c .) ; Hieiacium Gronovii 114; Kr ig ia Virginica 60;
“ baccharis foliis lanceolatis serrato-dentatis corymbis foliosis ” 121 Pluchea Marylandica; Aster con-
color 123, Verbesina Virginica 128, Erigeron vernum 124, Viola primtilifolia 135, Orchis spectabilis
136, Urtica (Pilea) pumila 114, “ juglans alba fructu ovato compresso profunde insculpto durissimo
cavitate intus minima” 190 Carya sulcata, Populus hete'ophylla 194, Helcnias iChamcelirium) luteum
158, Andropogon? nutans 133, “ aira calycibus trivalvibus trifloris ” 136 Uniola gracilis, “ aira panicula
oblonga floribus muticis bermaphrodito masculoque calycibus diphyllis” 135 Eatonia striata
( “ aira obtusala” of Mx,).
Sporobolus Virginicus of the shores of Tropical and Subtropical America. A grass observed by
Clayton 507 on the sandy seashore of Virginia; — and according to Chapman, growing in “ saline
marshes and banks along the coast, Florida to North Carolina : ” known to grow also on the seashore
of Brazil (Nees), Cumana, tlie West Indies, Mexico, Peru as far as Callao, and on the Hawaiian
Islands (Kunth); observed by myself in a natural salt-marsh on Maul. Eastward from America,
probably by ocean-currents carried to Equatorial Africa, observed from Cape Verd to Saint-Thomas
(Benth. fl. Nigr.) ; to Austral Africa (Kunth, and Meyer) ; and even to Australia (R. Brown, Kunth,
and A. Dec.).
1740 A. D. (univ. hist. xii. 429, Thompson seas. sum. 1040, and Holmes), unsuccessful expedition
nnder admiral Vernon against the Spanish settlement at Carthagena.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hewet ii. 167, and Holmes), first visit of rev. George Whitefield to America.
Where, near Savannah, he founded an orphan house.
“ The same y e a r ” (Nicol.), Frederic William succeeded by Frederic II. the Great, as king of
Prussia.
“ The same y e a r ” (Kobell iv.), by Kaim, manganese shown to be a metal.
In this year (see Spreng.), after his Stirp. rar‘. Ruthen. “ in 1739,” Job. Ammann continuing his
descriptions of plants, including Betula nana (act. ix. pl. 14, Ph.). — He died “ in 1741.”
_ Rheum undulatum of the Altaian mountains. A kind of rhubarb received bv Ammann from
China, — produced also from seeds presented “ about 1750” by a Tartarian merchant (Lindl.); but
according to Pallas trav. iii. 225, an Altaian peak, in sight from Schlangenberg, is called “ Révenno-
vaia-Sopka ” from R. undulatum growing on it abundantly : R. undulatum wa.s also pointed out by a
Cossadv 10 Georgi as the true rhubarb, but its root has not been found by Guibourt to possess the
requisite qualities, and its cultivation in Russia and France is discontinued (Lindl.).
Xylosteum Tartaricum of the Uralian plains. An ornamental shrub described by Ammann
ruth. 184 — (Linn. hort. ups.) : observed by Pallas along the Volga nearly as far West as Moscow.
By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in »ardens
(A. Gray). ‘
“ In the time of Teraraku (great grandfather of Pomare,” the chief seen by us at the Bay of
Islands, Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. 146, and Races of man iv. 4), the “ kumara ” (Batatas edulis)
sweet potato, brought to New Zealand in a “ canoe formed of separate pieces ” by Pani and his sister
Hinakakirirangi of Hawaiki (Savaii). The account is confirmed by the construction of the canoe,
peculiar to the Samoan Islands; by the slender finger-rooted variety, seen by us only in the two
localities, and which a separate tradition made “ the only kind formerly known in New Zealand.”
“ 1741 A. D .” (encycl. method., and Holmes), in Paraguay, the colonies formed by the Jesuit
missionaries now extending “ about six hundred leagues,” and containing “ one hundred and twenty-
one thousand one hundred and sixty-one” aboriginals.
“ The same year ” (Adams relig. 466, and Holmes), Bethlehem in Pennsylvania founded by
Moravians or United Brethren ; abandoning Savannah, on account of military service being required
of them.
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. sp. p l ) N. American plants published in Act. Ups. p. 81, includin»
Proserpinaca palustris. ”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Steller visiting Bering’s Island, meeting with “ two hundred and
eleven ” plants, including Tiarella trifoliata, Dielytra cucullaria, Pteris pedata. and Lycopodium rupestris.
He also visited the neighbouring American coast and tlie Fox Islands, — and returnin» died
“ in 1746.” ta”’
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Barrere publishing his Guayan. Plant. : — he died in “ 1755.”
Suta linifolia of Western Equatorial Africa. Known to grow in dry sandy situations in Senegal
(Perr. and Rich. fl. Seneg. 72, and A. Dec.), and in Guinea (fi. N ig r ,) .' Probably by European colonists
carried across the Atlantic ; observed in Guayana by Barrere aeq. 72, — and Aublet (Pers.) ;
known to occur also on Hayti and in Peru (Cav., and Dec. prodr.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh, and Spreng.), Dillenius publishing his Hist, muse., enumerating* Sela-
ginella apus pl. 64. f. 3, T.ycopodium lucidulum p l 56. f. 2 ; — he died “ in 1747.”
“ 1742 A. D .” (Adams lett. xvii, and Holmes), in Boston, Faneuil hall erected and presented to
the town by Peter Faneuil. Who died just at the time of its completion.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, Spreng., and Winckl.), Haller publishing his Enum. plant. Helv.
* Lycopodium Carolinianum of Northeast America. From transported specimens described by
Dillenius p l 62. f. 5 : — growing according to A. Gray in “ wet pine barrens. New Jersey to Wrginia,
and southward ; ” observed by myself at 40° in peninsular New Jersey, and I think also at 42° 30' in
bogs near Salem ; by Chapman, in “ low pine barrens, Florida, and northward.”
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