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C r im e a ; an d is knONvn to g row from C a u c a su s to the mouth o f th e U r a l (C . A . M e y ., S o k o lo ff, and
" - " 'E a n th u s sup erius o f mid d le E u r o p e . C a lle d in G e rm a n y f e v i ld n e g e le ,”
“ tu n ic a h e r b a ” o f A rn o ld u s , - an d o th e r s (F u c h s , p l. 353, an d S p r e n g .
g r o w from D e nm a rk th ro u gh o u t mid d le E u r o p e (fl. D a n . pl. 578, L am . fl. £ , a f f i P e r s .) ™
Solidaoo virta u rea o f N o r th e rn c lim a te s . C a lled in B n t a in golden-rod (1 n o i ) an d th e V I g K
K L I i ? K o f A f f i è M u U i s r e fe r r ed h e re b y D a le ch am p an d o th e r s : S . v ir g a u r e a is t e r n m d “ v ir g a
/ u r e a la tifo lia s e r r a t a ” b y T o u rn e fo r t in s t. 4 8 4 ; is k n ow n to g row th ro u g h o u t mid d le and N o r th e rn
r t r o p f a f r t r e L a p la n d / f lo r . D an . pl. 663, E n g l. b o t. pl, 301, and W a t £ . E a s tw a rd w a s ob.sreved
b y 'S ib th o r p on the B ith y n ia n O lym p u s an d in the e n v iro n s ot Sm ja n a ; b y H a s s e lq i r e , on
to n a n e a n b o rd e r o f E g y p t ; is k n ow n to g row on C a u c a su s (B i e b . ) an d th ro u gh o u S .b e n a (W a t s ,
/ r e ” r v e d b y T h u n b e r g in Japan, c a lle d “ to ja k f ” or “ s e n b li ” o r “ s en b n h a £ u sed m e ch cma lly .
F a r th e r E a s t is k n ow n to g ro w in I la s k a (W a t s . ) and th ro u g h o u t C a n a d a ; w a s o b s e r a e d by C o lm e is -
te'r in L a b r a d o r (P u r s h ) , an d b y m y s e lf a lo n g th e L ow e r S t . L aw r e n c e an d o n the W h i t e moun tmn s .
“ i t o 6 A D ( = 706 A . H .” o f F e r is h t . , E lp h .) , b y su ltan A la -u -dm , M a lik C a fu r s e n t w ith an
a rm v a r a in s t D e oM r i (D o w la ta b a d ) an d th e M a h r a t ta k in g R am D e o , in th e co u r s e w h ich tim C ^ e s
‘o f E lloY a are fir s t+ r e n t io n e d . R am D e o cam e o u t o f h is fo r t r e s s , a c com p a n ied C a fu r to D e lh i w h e re
he w a s received with favour, an d re tu rn ed lo a d ed w ith h o n o u r s . ,, g, , .£ • *
“ In th is y e a r ” (H um b . co sm . iv . ) , th e tr ian g u la r co n fig u r a tio n o f S o it th e rn A f r i c a r e p ie s e n te d
in the m ao o f th e w o r ld b y M a r in o S a n u to T o r s e l l o . - a l s o in th e G e n o e s e P o r tn lan o M e d ic e o 1351,
th e P la n is fe r io de la P a la t in a “ 1 4 1 7 ,” an d th e M a p p a -m o n d o o f F r a M a u ro C am a k lo lr e e >457 9,
k n ow n th e r e fo r e in E u r o p e “ 1 7 8 ” y e a r s b e fo r e the a c tu a l c ir cum n a v ig a t io n b y
1 4 8 7 ” (T h e in fo rm ation p ro b a b ly o b ta in e d from A r a b n a v ig a to r s on th e In d ian O r e a n ) .
“ In th is y e a r ” (F . M a s o n ii. 26 ), in B u rm a h , M a g a d u or W a yæ r a u k in g £ M a r ta b an a s s a s s in
ated . H e w L su c c e e d e d b y h is b ro th e r K ru n g la u : - d u r in g w h o s e r e ig n o f fo u r y e a r s , th e c i ty o f
M a u lm a in is firs t m en tio n ed . ________________ ___________ _______________________
* Cestrum veuenatum o f A u s t r a l A f r i c a . A la r g e w o o d y b u sh ; - sa id to b e em p lo y ed b y th e
H o t te n to t s to d e s t ro y w ild b e a s ts b y im p r e g n a tin g b a its o f fle sh w ith its ju ic e ; a d e c o c t io n ot the
b a r k re-duced to the th ic k n e s s o f je lly , u sed b y them to en v en om th e ir a r row s (T h u n b . fl. 193, and
toxicaria oi A u s t r a l A f r ic a . A n A m a r y ll is - l ik e p lan t ; - th e v is c id ju ic e o f the bu lb s
a d a n g e ro u s p o ison , one o f th e in g r e d ie n t s u sed b y th e B u shm e n to en v e n om t h £ - r e r ew s , an d sn >
n o s e d to ad d m o s t p ow e r fu lly to th e a c t iv it y o f th e p o iso n (P a t t e r s , tr a v . pl. i , " ™
L in d l ) A s tr an sp o r ted to E u r o p e , th e p lan t is d e s c r ib e d b y K e r b o t re g . pl. 567, an d A lto n 1. 405.
o f A r e t r a l A f r ic a . B e s id e s the v en om o f se r jm n ts . a th ird p lan t who se
'‘' ' ' E f r E t e L L i s ' L i A r e t r a i A f r ic / . F i t e m a ts made oi ru sh e s , an d p r in c ip a lly o f th is p lan t, b y
T s l T l E o Z i E ' L t r a l A f r ic a . Em p lo y e d b y th e H o t te n to t s fo r m a k in g ^ £ £ 1 3 an d to a tch-
in » d w e l l in » s - ( T h u n b . ) . F rom tran sp o r ted s p e c im en s , d e s c n b e d b y L in næ u s . an d K o t t f e e l l £ «
" R oridida dentata o f A u s t r a l A f r ic a . P la c e d in d w e l lin g s fo r th e p u rp o s e o f catchiUg. flies
(T h u n b ) ; d e s c r ib e d a ls o b y B u rm an n . A n d from t r an sp o r ted s p e cn n e n s b y Lm næ u s .
A m o n » the w o o d s su ita b le fo r m a k in g im p lem en ts , Cunonia, Trichdia Capensis, Cu?tisia, 0
verrucosa “ o . Capensis, Gardenia Thunbergia, G. R othm annia, Royena villosa, Virgiha
Protea grandiflora, P. barbata, B rabejum stedidifoliuni, an d Ile x c ro ce a ,-a x e en um e ra ted b y T l
"°^^^'Mimosa C atensis oi AasixaX Kixma. F u rn is h in g ch a r c o a l — (T h u n b . ) . » „ „ „ u
Caroxylon salsola o f A u s t r a l A f r ic a . A n ir r e g u la r le a fle s s sh ru b s ix fe e t h ig h , g r o w in g th ro u h-
o u t th e K a r ro , an d u s ed as a su b s t itu te fo r so ap — ( 'Ih u n b ., an d P e r s .) . f i o m tran sp o r ec sp e c i ,
M T T Z Z l T l l Z : .re; 1 + +
^ ' " ' E Z e l ù f incert. o f A u s t r a l A f r ic a . A n U m b e lli fe ro u s p lan t c a lle d ‘ ‘ g li ” f f i
o b ta in from th e ro o t, m ix in g h o n e y , a so r t o f mead th a t in d u c e s i n t o x i c a t i o n - ( I h u n b . ) .
E E T o r b ia g e n L to id e s \i A usYra l A f r ic a . W h e n e a ten , in d u c e s r e ten tio n o f urine - (T h u n b .) .
F rom t r an sp o r ted sp e c im e n s , the p lan t is d e s c r ib e d b y L in næ u s .
767
“ 1307 A. D.” (Blair), beginning of the association of the Swiss cantons.
“ The same year” (Nicol.), a sjmod at Sis in Armenia. “ To cement the union between the
churches of Armenia and Rome.”
“ The same year” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Siffridus Presbyter.
“ 130S A. D. (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Nidsio II. succeeded by Fannasono, younger brother
of Fusimi I I ., and now ninety-fourth dairo of Japan.
“ The same year = Uchi-ta,’ ist year of Wou-tsoung, of the Youan” or Twenty-second dynasty
(Chinese chron. table). By order of Wou-tsoung, the Hiao-king of Confucius, a treatise on filial piety,
was translated into the Mongul language — (Pauth.).
The power of the Lamas and L am aism increasing in China : a religion “ founded on the idea of
the continued incarnation of Budha in the person of tlie Grand lama” — (Remusat, and Pauth. p. 367
and 378). In regard to the forms of the religion, Hue and Gäbet found the Budhists coinciding with
the Catliolics in the “ crosier, mitre, dalmatica, cope or jrluvial, double-choired liturgy, psalmody, exorcisms,
censer, benedictions, rosary, ecclesiastical celibate, spiritual retreats, worship of saints, fasts,
processions, holy water.” (FI. Yule in soc, Haki.).
“ The same year” (Alst., Blair, and Nicol.), removal of the French pope Clement V. from Rome
to Avignon in France. And Albertus of Austria succeeded by Henricus VII., as emperor of Germany
and Italy.—Avignon continued the seat of the papacy “ seventy” years
“ In this year” (Danish chron., and Relat. du Groenl. 205), fearful thunder in Greenland and a
church called Skalholt burned by lightning, the storm accomjranied with “ broken rocks” and great
quantities of ashes (the result apparently of some volcanic eruption).
“ 1309 A. D.” (Wilford as. res. ix. 178), end of the Vansavali, a list of the kings of Guzerat.
The aboriginals of Virginia “ conceaved not to have inhabited ” the low country below the falls
of James river “ much more than three hundred years ” (Strachey 33) ; and some of the fragments of
pottery, as well as arrow-heads and other implements of stone or bone contained in rubbish-heaps on
tributaries of the Chesapeake and Delaware, as early probably as this date.*
* Idriodendron iulipifera of Northeast America. The tuHp-tree, improperly called “ pojrlar” or
“ white poplar,” known to the natives from early times: —the “ white-poplar ” was seen by Strachey
on James river : L. tulipifera is known to grow from the Connecticut river and 4./ on Lake Champlain
(F. A. Mx., and Eat.). Westward and Southward ; has been observed by niyself along the Atlantic
as far as 39° ; by Catesby i. pl. 48, in South Carolina, and by Chapman in “ low grounds Florida,”
though according to F. A. Michaux rare in the maritime portion of Carolina, Georgia and Florida : by
myself, abounding on the Ohio and Wabash ; by Nuttall, not on the Arkansas nor lower down the
Mississippi than 35° ; but was seen by Darby on the Wa.shita and at Baton Rouge. Transported to
Europe, is describetl by Hermann lugd, 613 (Spreng.), Trew, and Miller ; and by European colonists,
was carried to Madeira (A. Dec.).
Podophyllum peltatum of Northeast America. The may-apple is a vernal woodland herb, its
fruit eaten from early time.s ; — “ certaine ground aples a pleasant fruite” were seen by Newport on
James river ; and the “ nundrake” is enumerated by Josselyn 2d voy. 77 as “ very rare” and “ found
in the woods about Pascataway : ” P. peltatum is known lo grow as tar as 44° along the Atlantic and
45° on the St. Lawrence (Hook,); has been observed by mj'self from 43° to 38°; by Elliot, in
South Carolina; by Chapman, in “ Florida and northward;” by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; by Beck,
near St. Louis ; and was received by Hooker from Lake Huron. Transported to Europe, is described
by Trew pl. 29.
Sanguinaria Canadensis of Northeast America. The bloodroot, another vernal woodland herb,
IS sometimes called by the Virginia natives “ puccoon” (Clayt.), but “ musquaspenne ” — as heard by
Strachey, who describes its root as of the bigness of a finger and red as blood, withering in drying to
almost nothing, but used by the natives on James river to paint mats and other articles : S. Canadensis
IS known to grow “ tliroughout Canada” (Hook.), from at least 47° ; has been observed by my.self
Hong the Atlantic from 43° to 38° ; by Schweinitz, at 36° ; by Catesby i. pl. 24, and Elliot, in South
Carolina; by Michaux, from Canada to Florida; by Chapman, in “ Florida and northward,” and by
Croom as far as 30° 30' ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas, and by E. James at the lead mines of Missouri.
1 ranspoi'led to Europe, is termecl “ chelidonium maximum Canadense” by Cornuti 212.
Batsc/na canescens of the Ohio and its tributaries. T\\q pnccocji, called by the natives on James
river “ pocones,” “ a small roote that groweth in the mountaines,” dried and used medicinally as well
as to paint their heads and garments — (Strachey) : B. canescens is termed “ anchusa floribus sparsis
caule giabro” by Gronovius p. 24 as seen by Clayton in Virginia; was observed by Michaux on the
rennessee; by Elliot, in the upper district of Carolina; by Nuttall, and Pitcher, on the Arkansas;
and according lo A. Gray grows from ffiVestern New York to Kentucky and Wisconsin.
Batscina Carolinensis of Northeast America. An allied species — not known to be used for