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“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh), J. F. Miller publishing Coloured plates of Plants and animals: — the
6oth and last “ in 1794.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Rottboll publishing the Surinam plants of Rolandr. and
Caraib. of Rohr, including Schoenus setaceus pl. 21. f. 2.
“ In this y e a r ” (Willd.) Murray in Comm, goett. describing Lonicera parviflora pl. 3. — He died
“ in 1791.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), William Withering publishing his Botan. arrangement of veg. naturally
growing in Great Britain. — He died “ in 1799,” and a fifth edition was issued “ in 1812.”
“ 1777, in the spring” (Holmes), arrival of arms ancl ammunition from France ; brought in part
in a twenty-four gun ship. The British army driven back, and after attempting to bring on a general
engagement, withdrawing from New Jersey; the commander sent a large force by sea into the Chesapeake
to the head of tide-water in. Elk river, and advancing Northward, obtained possession of Philadelphia
“ Sept. 27th.” In the Nortli at Saratoga “ Oct. 17th,” surrender of Burgoyne with his army
of nearly six thousand men to the colonists.
“ The same y e a r ” (Williams 230, and Holmes), the Declaration c f independence having left the
settlers on the New Hampshire grants in a difficult position, they, through a convention of town-
representatives, declared their district a distinct State : the origin of the State of Vermont.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Lightfoot publishing his Flora Scotica, enumerating Carex pauciflora.
Carex incnrva of Northern Europe and mountains farther South. A sedge observed by Lightfoot
in Scotland : — known to grow also in Norway and on the mountains of Switzerland (Engl. bot.
pl. 97, Pers., and A. Dec.) ; observed by Allioni ii. pl. 92 in Piedmont; by Sibthorp, on the mountains
of Crete.
“ In this y ear” (Pritzel, and Winckl.), Wangenheim with Hessian troops arriving, in North
America, meeting with Kalmia glauca, Gaylussacia resinosa. — Returning “ in 1780,” he published
his Nordamer. trees and shrubs “ in 1781,” another edition “ in 1787.”
“ In this y ear” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Curtis publishing his Flor. Lond.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Robson publishing his Flor. Brit.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng , and Winckl.), Moench publishing his Plant, indig. Hassite.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Houttuyn publishing his Plant. Ind., Cap., and Japan, — completed “ in
1788.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh i. 301), Bergius publishing descriptions of plants in Act. petropol., including
buxifolium pl. 3. f. 2. — He died “ in 1790” (Spreng.).
“ 1778, Feb. 6th” (Holmes), by Louis X V I . of France, treaties of amity, commerce, and alliance
with the colonies ; through their commissioners, Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee. On receiving
the news, Philadelphia was evacuated “ June iS th ” by the British ; who decided to concentrate
their forces in the harbour and city of New York. After “ July 5th,” arrival on the coast of a French
fleet under D’E s ta in g : the depth of water not admitting his ships of the line into the harbour of New
York, he proceeded to Newport, occupied by the British, and reached the offing “ July 25th.” Incursions
during the Summer along the Florida frontier; and the British turning their attention to the
South, on “ Dec. 29th” captured Savannah.
As early as this year (..............), Vahl describing plants in Act. soc. nat. Haf. ii. p. 13.*
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Ortega publishing two volumes of Quer’s Flor. Hispan., — completed
“ in 1784.”
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Dec. g. b. 738), Lamarck publishing his Flor. Franc.
“ 1779, Oct. 9th ” (Holmes), by tbe coloni.sts and the French fleet under D ’Estaing, unsuccessful
assault on Savannah. After which D ’Estaing and the fleet left the co a s t.'
“ In tliis y e a r ” (Winckl.), after a first edition “ in 1774,” A. Joh. Retzius publishing a Second
edition of his Obs. botan., also his Flor. scandinav. prodr.
Veratrum sabadilla of Mexico and the West Indies, Described by Retz obs. i. 31, and known
to furnish the sabadilla or cevadilla seeds used as an anthelmintic and to destroy pediculi, — but of
late imported chiefly for manufacturing veratria ; an active and dangerous local stimulant, employed
as a substitute for colchicum (Descourtilz ann. linn. par. 1824, and Lindl.).
Helonias? officinalis of Eastern M ex ico.— Observed there by Schiede and Deppe, and ascertained
by them to furnish at least a portion of the sabadilla seeds of commerce (Schlecht. linn. vi. 45,
Don edinb. phil. journ. 1832, and Lindl.).
* Carex man lima of the shores of the North Atlantic. Described by Vahl act, haf. ii. 13 — and
in fl. Dan. pl, 703, also by Schkuhr t. W. f. 74: known to grow on the seashore of Norway (Pers.).
Westward, was received by Hooker from Hudson Bay and Fort Cumberland ; was observed by myself
in salt marshes around Salem, Mass.
Ife.
1037
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Dombey in Peru, making with Ruiz and Pavon * botani-
cal investtyations : — they remained “ until 1788,” the Flor. Peruv. prodrom. was published “ in 1794 ”
and Dombey died “ in 1795.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Thom. Forrest publishing his Voyage to New Guinea and the
IVl O lUCCélS.
“ t£ o A. D ” (Holmes), news of the departure of the French fleet having reached New York an
expertion fitted out by the British, who on “ May 12th” captured the city of Charleston. On or
about S e£ . 23d, treachery detected in a colonial general on the Hudson, and the intended surrender
prevented.
“ The same y e a r ” (Pauth. 458), by the Chinese emperor Kien-loung, an extensive diverting canal
constructed, to control the inundations of the Hoang-ho.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng,), Ant. Turra publishing his Flor. ital. prodr.
At this time (Spreng., and Winckler), Guldenstadt writing an account of his travels in Georgia,
ty to -p l’ ” " C a u c a s u s .-H e died “ in 1781,” and his travels were published -in
“ 1781 A. D .” (Holmes), the British forces advancing Northward, opposed bv a colonial armv
under Greene : and after the battle of Guilford “ March 15th,” Cornwallis marched Eastward to Wií-
mmgton, and thence Northward, reaching Petersburg in Virginia “ Mav 20th.” Recei-.ré» in=inic-
tions to serere a station for line-of-battle ships, and Portsmouth and Hampton roads h a ri-» been
pronounced unfit, Cornwallis transferred his army increased to “ seven thousand" .
and commenced fortifying. A French fleet of “ twenty-eight sail of the line ” nndtr T>e ty-0 se ar-'-?
mg soon afterwards, blocked York river and landed troops ; reinforcing La F av e re . wV+wig fr c o -
mand of the colonial army in the vicinity. “ Sept. 5th,” a British fleet of -HrertTsaZ id h - ? ”
attem#ed relief; but “ eight” more line-of-battle ships joining the French, the Brirish a r t i - l l «0?
eluded to withdraw. On hearing of the state of affairs, Washington abandoning a l o-Zer-.fe-s s » -
twelve thousand” men, the main body of his army, by way of Philadelphia S o r r ê ; ami
himself, “ Sept. 14th” reached the vicinity of Yorktown. “ Oct. 19th,” snireader '€ w'-ffi
the invested land and naval forces : regarded as the closing event of the war.
“ May 9th ” (Holmes), by Don Galvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana. PensacDia aarrarec from
the British ; and soon afterwards, the whole province of West Florida.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Felix de Azara visiting Austral America. — - — ffi iS c i."
“ May 13th ” (Phil, trans. Ixxi, and Humb. cosm. iv.), the planet Uranus ¡üisr-vUfo-ñ Herschel
It had been seen previously by Flamstead “ in 1690,” and Tobias .Maver-'H T - t y - - a r r ito e ls c h d
himself— for a time supposed it to be a comet. Its six satellites, bv an' exce-.ri-,a'a:--s- -.»-.»adicn
lar to the ecliptic, were discovered by Herschel at different times from - Ta»; ,
26th, 1794.” - - - - - Ji_rca
In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Linnæus the younger m rU s r frg r is S a r zK erumer-
atingf Forstera muscifolia. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, Cyperus distaxs Pc.TrhHS - V - ' Hrdro-
colyle ranunculoides, Arbutus laurifolia, Cornus alternifolia 123. — He ¿5e¿ fr - a " '" " ” '" '
Eptpactu ensifolia of Europe and the adjoining portion of .Ysia. T em ed “ serretas ±-fr’-o»hvllnm ”
by Lmnæus jun suppl. 404, — “ s. ensifolia” in the 14th edit, bv Marrav, aad ¿ o w e / too'w from
Dereiark throughout middle Europe (Ehrh,, fl. Dan. pl. 506. Engl. Kri. rd am red Pe-ml :"obserred
by Sibthorp, ancl Chaubard, in woods from the Peloponnesus to the B^frefraa
Uiricularia stellaris of Tropical and Austral Africa ? Received b v 'ldE ra cY frETsupDl 86 from
the rice-fields and deeper water in Hindustan (Pers.) : ob.served hv Graham - doae'n» in ranks " fr -ve
enw on s of Bombay : by Roxburgh cor. ii. pl. 180, in Bengal. Westward, was reoeîved bv A. Décret
dolle prodr. vm. 4 from the iMauritius Islands, .Madagascar. .VasmaT Africa, red ^enerimibia
vnl Sibth-. ''nd Winckl.), Jacquin pnbcshdr.g rhe S e c o n d e d concluding
volume ofhis Miscell. austr , and commencing his Icon. rar,. enumeraring FasóKum sialmiferum ic"
rax. 302, Glottidium Floridanum ic. rar. i. 48. Artemisia hiexKs \. r. i. 172. Helenium q u F iJ e n io -
V ' ! t e n ‘^ F F o l i a i. r. iii, 592, Croiem aigyranUemum \. r.'-m. E u phon i i
cyathophora., IVulfenta Carinthiaca ii. 8. f. i and ic. mr. i. oL 2.
* Cuscuta corymbosa of Chili and Peru. Observed bv Ruiz and Pavon in Peru, but in cnltir-ated
f °o T ■■ ®'°rós of Medicago satira (Pers ). Transporred together to Eurone in
1840 (Choisy), It has continued to make its .appearance wherever tlie mi.ved seed is sown : bu't like
other species of Cuscuta, does not quit its sustaining plant, nor become truly naturalized (En»elman
anu A. Dec.). ' v ^ ?
^ t (-arex heleonastcs of Arctic Europe and the mountain-summits of Switzerland Described hv
Lmnæus jun. suppl. 414, Ehrhart (A. Dec.). and Schkuhr pl. 5,. f. 9;. and known ro »row in rh'I
marshes of Sweden (Pers.) ; also on the Swiss .Yips (.A. Dec.).
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