to the East Indies. —
CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
In this year, Nuttall visiting the White mountains, meeting with “ in MamU Subularia aquatica *
Panicum xaittlwphvsiiin; and "on the alpine portion of the 'monntams, Potentilla frígida, Gnapha-
lium supinum, a diminutive and very beautiful species of Chara, and S a lix repens.
“ Dec. g th ” (Markh., and Maimd.), the Spaniards defeated at Ayachuco, and Upper Peru
detached from Buenos Ayres and rendered independent. — Bolivar visiting the country in the following
year, by request of tlie people drew up a constitution : and the new republic received the name
of Bolivia. ,
“ 1825 A. D .” (Nicol.), Alexander succeeded by Nicolas, now Russian emperor.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. F. W a ts ), David Don in London, publishing his “ Prodromus Floræ Nepa-
lensis.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Mann), after visiting Brazil and Chili, Macrae in the Hawaiian Islands,!
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl), Belanger and Bory de Saint-Vincent sailing
They returned “ in 1829.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl., and title-page), after his Hist, rei herb, “ in 1807-8,” Umbellif. “ in
1S13,” Geschichte der Botanik “ in 1817-8,” Kurt Sprengel publishiug .a Sixteenth edition of the
Systema Vegetab.,— “ in 1828,” the fourth volume; “ in 1S29” his comm. Diosc ; and died “ in 1833.”
In this year, Oakes and niyself visiting the White mountains, meeting with Pyrola minor, Ribes
-ubrum, Glyceria elongata, A ln u s ci'ispa, Aviclanchier ohgocazpa, Carex scabrata. Milium glaucum
of Nuttall, Platanthera obtusata; and on the alpine portion Calamagrostis stricta?, Holcus atropurpureus
(.Yira of authors), Viola palustris, Juncus filiformis, Saxifraga rivularis, Silene acaulis.
Arnica mollis, S a lix herbácea, and Veronica alpina. — In the following year in October, after meeting
with Polygonum Careyi, I removed to Philadelphia.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel), Dumont d’Urville publishing his Flor. malouin. (Falkland Islands). —
He commanded the Astrolabe in her voyage in the Pacific and towards the South Pole “ in 1837-40.”
“ 1826 A. D.” (Winckl ), K. A. Meyer and Alexander von Bunge visiting the Altaian mountains
and Soongaro-Kirghiz steppe,
“ The same y e a r ” (Levchine kirgh. i. 6 note), Ledebour visiting the Kirghiz-Kazak country in the
vicinity of Fort Zmiei'nogorskaia ; and Meyer at Lake Nor-Zaiçan, the source of the Irtisch.J
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl ), A . Risso publishing 1r s Hist. Nat. product. Nice.
“ In this y e a r ” (W in ck l), Gussone publishing his Plant, rar. Samn., — “ in 1827-S” Flor. Sic.
prodrom., and “ in 1S42-5” Flor. Sic. synops.
Wahlenbergia nutabunda of Sardinia and Southern Italy. Observed by Gussone frequent in
Calabria as far as the Western shore, but unknown on Sicily, — known to grow on Sardinia (A. Dec.
707).
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Meisner publishing his Polygon, prodr.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Cassini publishing his Opuscul. Phytol.,§ — completed “ in 1834.”
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), Decandolle publishing the Second volume of his Prodr. syst. veg. —
He died “ in 1841,”
Schrankia Icptocarpa of Tropical America. Described by Decandolle prodr., and known to grow
on Hayti and in North and South Brazil (Benth.). Probably by European colonists, carried to Guinea
(fi. Niitr., and A. Dec.).
Lay and Collie on Beechey’s voyage “ 1825-28” meeting with in Mexico Quercus aristata; in
California Q. Vouglasii and Q. densiflora (Brendel).
“ In tliis year ” (Mann), Gaudichaud re-visiting the Hawaiian Islands, now in the Bonite.
“ 1827, Aiig. i6th ” (iMaunder), treaty between Britain, France, and Russia for closing the war in
* Geum nudum. Coarser and more leafy than G. Virginianum, with minute linear greenish
petals: named by Nuttall, but not described; observed byhim, — and myself on the flanks of the
White mountains; aiterwards by myself near Salem.
! Ambrosia tenuifolia of “ South America.” From transported specimens described by Sprengel
— (A. Dec.). Observed by Godron for more than ten years at Cette, about a vine planted on ship’s
ballast.
M y r s in e d e p e n d c n s o i Cno mountains of Caraccas and Peru. Describecl by Sprengel, — known
to grow on the Silla de Caraccas and the mountains of Peru, but has not been found on intervening
mountains (A. Dec.).
! Impatiens parviflora of the Altaian mountains. Described by Ledebour. — Transported to
Europe, became a weed in a garden at Geneva from “ 1831,” extending into the vicinity, and reaching
Dresden prior to “ 1851 ” (Biirkli., and A. Dec.).
§ H e l i c h r y s u m f c e t id u m of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe, described by Cassini; — and
for several years observed by Lejolis naturalized in the environs of Cherbourg (A. Dec.).
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 106»
Greece, presented to the Turkish government. The intervention was rejected, and the Greeks having
re-commenced hostilities, the Turko-Egyptian fleet entered the Bay of Navarino “ Sept. 9 th ;” a
British fleet arrived on the “ 13th,” and on the “ 22d ” was joined by a French, also by a Russian fleet.
Hostilities continuing notwithstanding a promise of cessation, the Turko-Egyptian fleet was attacked
and destroyed.
“ In this y e a r ” (Dallet 314), Third persecution of Christians in Corea.
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), Gins. Hiacintho Moris, professor at Turin, publishing his Stirp. Sard,
elench., — the third fascic. “ in 1829;” and his Flora Sardoa “ in 1837-43.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Ed. Poeppig visiting South America.— He travelled in Chili, Peru,
and on the Amazons “ until 1832.” and published his Nov. gen. Plant, “ in 1835-45.”
“ In this year ” (Pritzel), J. Velloso de Miranda publishing his Flor. fluminens. icon.
“ 1828 A. D ” (Winckl.), Blume publishing portions o fh is Flor. Javas.*
As early as this year (R. Brown prod, suppl. 1830, and Winckl. 380), Cunningham in Australia.!
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), after his Flor. Gallica “ in 1806,” Loiseleur-Deslongchamps publishing
his Flore generale de la France.
Valerianella carinata of the West Mediterranean countries. Distinguished by Loiseleur, — and
observed by Gussone syn. in grassy pasture-l.and in Sicily. In Britain has been found springing up
spontaneously in some ten different counties (Wats. cyb. iii. 534, and A. Dec.).
“ 1829 A. D.” (Maunder), the pacification of Greece finally agreed on : Greece to pay an annual
tribute and enjoy “ qualified independence” under Turkish sovereignty, but to be governed by a
hereditary Cliristian prince of the family of neither of the allied powers. “ July 23d,” address of Capo
d’ lstrias, president of Greece ; giving an account of his measures and the state of the country, before
the fourth national assembly, called by him at Argos.
“ The same year ” ( . . . . ) , the steam-engine successfully applied to land-transportation ; on a
rail-road at Liverpool, England.
As early as this year (Brendel), Schiede and Deppe in Mexico, meeting with Quercus calophylla,
polymorpha, laurifolia, anà germana (pubi, in Linnaea for 1830).
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel), after his Etudes cryptogam, “ in 1815,” Lapylaie publishing his Flor.
Newf. and isles Saint-Pierre and Micion.
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Gray), Dr. Robbins examining the plants growing around Uxbridge and in
other portions of New England, meeting with Astragalus Robbinsii, Potamogeton Robbinsii, Eleocharis
Robbinsii.
“ 1830, March ” (am. sylv.), Nuttall journeying in the Southern States as far as West Florida.
“ June 14th ” (Maunder), landing of French troops before Algiers. The city captured “ July 5th ; ”
— and with the country around, held to the present day.
“ Ju ly ” (Kobell ii.), rising of a new volcanic island out of the sea Southwest of Sicily. As in
other instances, the new island after a while settled down and disappeared.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), publication by Delile of the plants collected by Leon de Laborde in
Arabia Petraea.
“ July 30th ” (Maunder), after three days fighting in the streets of Paris, Charles X. compelled to
abdicate. He was succeeded by Louis Philippe, of the Orleans branch of the Bourbon family.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Lindley publishing his Orchidac., — the Seventh volume “ in 1840.”
Ophrys atrata of the East Mediterranean countries. From transported specimens, described by
Lindley: — observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus.
“ In this y e a r ” (Humb. cosm. v.), journey of Fuss from Lake Baikal to Pekin ; where he established
a magnetic and meteorological observatory, in an old monastery that from the reign of Peter the
Great had been inhabited from time to time by monks of the Greek church. — Observations were continued
“ ten years ” by Kovanko.
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), Ernst FI. F. Meyer publishing his Plant. Labrador.
“ 1831 A. D .” (Maunder), Capo d’ Istria, president of Greece, assassinated.
* Lobelia succulenta of Java. Described by Blume, and seen by him indigenous in Java.—
Farther North, enumerated by Mason v. 433 and 7S5 as “ e xo tic ” in Burmah, and called by the English
Neilgherry grass : but in Hindustan, according to Wight, “ a small cespitose species much cultivated
” in vases.
! Castanospermum Australe of Subtropical Eastern Australia. An elegant pinnate-leaved Leguminous
tree, a hundred feet high, its seeds edible either crude or roasted : — observed by Cunningham
at Moreton Bay (Hook, bot. misc. i. pl. 51). “ About thirty year.s a g o ” according to Drury was introduced
into Flindustan, its wood is used for barrel staves, and “ there are several large trees in the
Lalbagh at Bangalore” (Cleghorn).
134
Sft.