U + ' r ? W
#■»1 1 f'
r i a f i A ' I ra -'i {'■
' >3 F 'iIl " '
.; +« Y u S i f t t .« .ite Ytefoii Y # .Ite 4 "
.te. î| :f
«
à^-'j %■ ‘ m.tel' ..te * .l I '53 . :•iVY M# . tefc ■
.ru > ^ >to> .I1 ‘ta- , ■ «ur ..
U fo! id ?# : 'u!|
f r « « ’ teto 'ffi'te T
,* ‘3 -
If iijni ' T W X
r,% j ; roV rVo ÎÎ*i' Î f?
8 8o CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
mah ; by Rheede x. ph 37, in Malabar ; by Graham “ common in every garden ” around Bombay, its
flowers worn by the native women “ in their hair ; ” by Forskal, in Yemen and Egypt, and at Constantinople
; clearly by European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues a
favourite in gardens. In Tropical America, was observed by P. Browne around towns on Jamaica in
1789 ; by Descourtilz, also in the West Indies, but no Carib name given ; by Aublet, in Guayana ; by
Martius, indigenous along the Y’apura river in Interior Brazil: attracting the attention of Catholic
coloni.sts by the suitableness of its flowers for garlands, was probably carried across the Pacific in the
first voyages of the Spaniards to the Philippines.
Chenopodium hybiddum of Central North America? The stramonium-leaved goosefoot, the
“ fourth solanum ” of Tragus 304, — according to Sprengel: C. hybridum is termed “ c. stramonii
folio ” by Vaillant paris. pl. 7, “ c. angulosum ” by Lamarck : is known to occur in waste and cultivated
ground from Sweden and Britain to Switzerland and Russia, fetid (Curt. lond. pi. . . ., Pers., and
Wats.). Westward, was observed by A. Gray “ common ” in central New York ; by Short, in Kentucky;
by E. James, at Council Bluffs on the Missouri ; by Nuttall, at the confluence of the Arkansas
and Verdigris ; and according to Watson occurs on the Hawaiian Islands.
Orchis variegata of tlie Mediterranean countries. Described by Tragus 296—(Spreng.);
observed by Haller 1275 pl, 30 in Switzerland, also by Allioni, and known to grow in France (Pers.) :
described also by Jacquin coll. ii. 267 and rar. pl. 599 i observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in
the Peloponnesus. “ 0 , acuminata ” observed by Desfontaines ii. pl. 247 in Algeria, is regarded by
Chaubard as not distinct.
Briza media of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The “ ægilops ” of Tragus p. 670 —
is referred here by Sprengel : B. media is also described by Linnæus ; is termed “ gramen paniculatum
majus locustis raagnis candicantibus tremulis ” by Tournefort inst. 523 ; is known to grow
throughout middle Eufope as far as Denmark, and in Britain on account of its trembling spikelets is
called quaking grass (flor. Dan. pl. 25S, Engl. bot. pl. 340. and Prior). Eastward, was observed by
Sibtliorp on Cyprus and around Constantinople. From Europe, was carried by colonists to Madeira,
where I found it abundantly naturalized in all open situations; to Northeast America, occurring along
the Atlantic in grass-grown clearings and wild sunny situations ; and to Southeast Australia and
the Hawaiian Islands, appearing to me in both localities naturalized.
Asplénium Septentrionale oi Northern Europe and Asia. A fern —termed “ filix saxatilis tragi”
by Lobel ic. 47, “ f. s. corniculata” by C. Bauhin pin. 358, and Tournefort inst. 542, “ acrosticum
parvum septentrionale ” by Petiver 742, and known to grow throughout Nortliern Europe (Engl bot.
pl. 1017) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden, frequent in clefts of rocks; by Sibthorp, on the Bithynian
Olympus.
“ 153g to 1540 A. D.” (Churchill coll.), Francisco de Ulloa sailing along the West coast of Mexico
and “ back of California,” as far as “ cape Engano in 30° N.”
“ 1540 A. D.” (Churchill coll.), passing Cape Engano, John Rodriguez Cabrillo continued along
the coast as far North as “ thirty-five degrees twenty minutes,” anchoring at intervals: beyond
Cape Galera. he entered a harbour and called it Port of Possession, “ trading with the natives, who
go naked, have their faces painted in chequers, and are all fishermen ” (aboriginal Californians).
Thence he “ sailed to the northward as far as forty-four degrees.”
“ The same year” (Churchill coll., & Galvan.), in Mexico, a party under Francis Vasquez de Cornado
journeying from Culiacan Northeast in a directcour.se “ two hundred leagues,” met with “ beasts
almost as bigge as horses, they haiie very great homes ” (Ovis, the bighorn) ; “ abundance of cows ”
(Bos, the American bison or buffalo) ; “ pinhoes ” {Pinus flexihs) ; “ nozes ” {Corylus Americana)-,
“ amoras” {Morus rubra) ; “ ameixas ” {Prunus Chicasa) ; “ melaas” {Cucurbita) ; “ huuas ” (Vitis
Arkansana ?) ; “ also flax growing wild ” (Linum perenne).
“ The same year” (Churchill coll.), in South America, Orellana leaving Peru, descended the river
Amazon to its mouth, and thus crossed the continent.
“ The same year” (Alst.), the Jesuit monastic Order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and confirmed
by pope Paulus III.
“ 1541 A. D.” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Alexander Scultetus.
“ In this year ” (Humb. cosm. ii), printed letter of Copernicus renewing the ancient theory of
the Universe, That the sun is the centre around which the Earth and other planets 1 evolve. — The
printing of his book “ De reyolutionibus ” vvas completed “ in 1543,” a few days before his death on
the “ 24th of May.”
Phallus impudicus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A fungus called in Belgium
“ ongers eyeren ” devil's eggs, and by the poet Hadrianus Junius “ phallum ” —(Dod. pempt. iii. 5. pl.
25): P. impudicus is termed “ boletus phalloides” by Tournefort inst. 562, “ ph. foetidus” by Sovv-
erby pl. 329; was observed by Sibthorp near Athens; and is known to grow as far as Britain (Schæff.
iv. pl. 196 to 198, and Curt. lond. iii. pl. 72).
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 881
“ Februaiy ” (Maunder), after conquering part of Chili, the city of Santiago at the base of the
Andes founded by Pizarro. He was assassinated at Lima by thirteen conspirators “ Sunday, June
26th” (Markh. edit. p. 139).
“ Tuesday, March 8th ” (Portuguese narrat. 20, W. B. Rye edit.), in the night, the town of Chicaça
burned by the imtives: some of De Soto’s men, losing their clothing, “ invented the weaving of
certaine mats of drie ivie ” (Berchemia volubilis) ; and of “ ash trees in those parts” (Fraxinus
quadrangulata) “ they made as good lances as in Biscay.” Leaving “ Apr. 25th,” he “ lodged at a
small towne called Alimamu ; ” and after three or four days’ preparation, “ travelled seven daies ”
through “marishes and thicke woods” to Ouizquiz. Removing thence to another town “ halfe a
league from Rio Grande” (the Mississippi), he found the river “ almost halfe a league broad” and
“ of great depth,” and there' came down “ continually many trees and timber:” the natives here
brought “ loaves made of the substance of prunes, like unto brickes ” (Diospyros Virginiana) ; and
after “ thirtie daies ” delay in building barges, he crossed the river (probably below the Arkansas).
Continuing “ through great townes of Aquixo, which were all abandoned for feare,” and one “ day till
sunset” wading in water, after a “ three daies journie ” came “ to the first towne of Casqui ” ( . . . . ) ,
a higher and dryer country, and the woods “ verie thinne : ” in the fields were trees bearine walnuts,
soft shelled and “ like unto acornes ” (Carya olivceformis). Traversing the Case
four days, he came to “ a lake like a brooke, which falleth into Rio Grande ” and
by the natives, and on “Wednesday, June 19th,” entered the town of Pacaha, whe
daies.” A “ great lake” (bayou) “ came neere unto the wall,” and “ from the lal-
- trees bearing walnuts,
acornes”olivoeformis).Casqui country in about
ajakelike Grande”which was bridged
ere lie rested “ fortie
- - lake to the great river
was made a weare by the which the fish came into it.” “ Thirtie horsemen and fiftie footemen” were
sent “ seven daies journie ” to “ the province of Caluça;” “ thence forward toward the north” according
to the natives “ the country w.is very ill inhabited ” and “ very cold, and that there were such
store of oxen ” (Bos Americanus) “ that they could keep no corne for them, that the Indians lived
upon their flesh.” Returning now over the bridge, De Soto “ tooke l:is journie toward Ouigaute,” a
“ hundred leagues” “ toward the south;” arrived there “ Aug. 4th,” the town being “The’’ greatest
that was scene m ” the whole country. Thence northwest, “ forty leagues ” to Coligoa, “ on the bank
of a meane river.” Thence “ toward the south,” more than “ five daies,” to the “ scattered” town of
Cayas, where he “ rested a moneth ; ” the horses drinking “ of a lake of very hot water, and somewhat
brackish ” (hot springs and salines at the sources of the Washita), and the natives by evaporation
procuring sail. Thence “ toward the south, a day and a halfes journie,” to Tulla • thence
“ toward the south-east” about “ eighty leagues ” and “ over very rough mountaines (Ozark hills) to
Autiamque; where he remained “ three inoneths,” unable to travel “ for cold, waters, and snow.”
John Ortiz, tlie only interpreter, died at Autiamque. — Leaving “ Monday, March 6th.” De Soto on
the 29th ” came to Nilco, on the same river (Red river) that “ passed by Cayas and Autiamque, and
fell into Rio Grande : ” sending “ a captaine with fiftie men in sixe canoes downe the river,” De Soto
followed by land, and on “ Sunday, Apr. 17th,” came to Guachoya, where he proposed to build “ brigantines,’
but after naming Lays de Moscoso de Alvarado as his successor, died “ May 2ist.” Leaving
on “ Monday, June 5th,” Alvarado proceeded West, propo.sin» “ to go by land” to Mexico and
“ July 2otli” encamped between Amaye and Naguatex (Nacodoche) ; but “ in the beginning of October,”
at a river called Daycao, “ a hundred and fifty leagues ” from the Mississippi and on the border
of the country traversed by Cabeça de Vaca, he decided to return to Nilco. Leaving Nilco "in the
beginning of December,” he proceeded direct to the Mississippi at Minoya, and bfrlt brig.mtines ;
calking them with “ tow of an hearb like hempe ” called “ enequen ” {.4pocynum cnnnabir.ufi . .is well
as with “ the flaxe of the countrie” (Linum Virginicum), and making cables “ of the Iv.rkes of mulberrie
trees” (M m us rubra). Of other plants met with, “ Where there be mountaines there be
chestnuts” (Castanea Americana) “ somewhat smaller then” ours ; a fruit "like unto peares riall,”
growing “ on a plant like ligoacan” and having “ a verie good smell and an e.xceiieiu taste” (Aslmtiia
triloba), is planted by the natives “ through all the countrie ; ” there groweth also "in the open field”
a “ fruit like unto strawberries, close to the ground, which hath a verie gxxfa taste” (Fragaria Virginiana)
: of animals, “ wild hennes as big as turkies ” (.Meleagris g.;.'/®; to wild) ; and?‘ certaine
blacke birds bigger than sparrows and lesser than stares" {.Moi.-fi. as pecoris). The brigantines
being finished, Alvarado left “ July 2d, 1543,” on the same day "with the helpe of ores’' floaÎed past
Guachoya, and at the end of “ seventeene daies, whicli may be two hundred and fifty leagues,” came
to the sea. Following the coast Westward, he arrived “ Sept, 10th in the river of Panuco” with “ three
hundred and eleven ” men surviving, and proceeded to the town and cliurch.
“ Ang. 23d ” (D’Avezac edit.), arrival of Jacques Cartier on his Third voyage at his former station
in the St. Lawrence near Stadacone ; in advance of Koberval or Jean-François de la Roque, who
had been appointed lieutenant-general ot Canada, Hochelaga. Saguenay, and the surrounding provinces.
After sending back two of his ships, “ Sept. 2d,” Cartier proceeded up the river to examine
the rapids above Hochelaga ; and returned to winter at a fort constructed “ four leagues” from the
first one and called Cliarlesbourg.
/to
.¡fi