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U n 1n£> h 0 Matthioh 6S0 (Spreng.), and Dodoens pempt. pl. 404 ; is termed “ c. sive flammula
repens by Tournefort inst. 293 ; was observed by Tenore pl. 48 near Naples, by Forskal near Mar-
seilles; and is known to grow m hedges and thickets in Barbary and as for as Switzerland (Scop.
as v’esiU U ’ries!U '’(/e e / v it r t a j Lindley, the “ leaves used
Rannnculusparviflorus of the Mediterranean countries.? The BATPAXION - TRITON of
D ioscondes duninutiye and strong-scented with golden flowers, - may be compared : R. parviflorus
was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, m the cultivated ground of the Peloponnesus. Westward,
the account of the ranunculum tertium ” by Pliny xxv. 109 seems taken from Dioscorides - but R
parviflorus is termed “ r. arvensis annuus hirsutus flore omnium minimo lu teo” by Tournefort inst'
290, IS known to occur in various parts of Southern Europe, and as far even as Britain (Pers., En»l'.
bot pl. 120, and D ec.). By European colonists, vvas carried to Northeast America, where it
Or “ . ® ft- ® (E ll., Hook., A. Gray, and
f "ft"" ‘ft® portion of Asia. Called in Greece “ spourthokokula
(Sibth.) or “ spourthakula” or “ sphourthakla” (Fraas): and the B A T P A X I 0 N ■ CTc / n
/ Z e d and ‘ ^ ^ ° ^ ° ^ fi® -? ”®“ L« as tiller and more w o o Î /U th l e / e s / r e
tShoZrp, Cn hUa ubard, and Fraas, in wet springy soil fLroe mc otmhep aPreeldo:p oRnn. elasunsu gtion oNsuosr twhearsn oGbsreerevceed byW Seisbtward,
is termed “ r montanus lanuginosus foliis ranunculi pratensis repentis ” by Tournefort inst »gi ■
was observed by Mons i. p. 3 abounding on Sardinia (Spreng.), by Tenore neap. pi. 14^ in lU ly - aid
IS knovvn to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 397, Thuill., and Pers.).
w w JX ® """ Lurope. Called in Britain wolfsbane (Prior), in
IA ZKOn N 7I TZO NT : e/T/6pP 0/ N a c0ub°it h/igh/, w/ ith Zpl"at"a®nu"s- lifkt«e l*eaves* but m o-riet? d itvhide edk /anndo KmTucOh NsOmNall eorr,
grovvmg mostly on the mountains of Italy, and the root placed in meat to destroy wolves : - in thé
ZakIonZitonU ëtëZron’ , 0o®r “0 k‘futaftm®o®nU l'ë"ufk on ”“ aisk oindietnotnif”i eids vmvietnh titohnee d“ kaôs lôemmëpsltoryôeudm i”n ohfu ntthine g,R aonmda nths e:
A lycoctonum IS descnbed by Gerarde p. 822, and Clusius hist. ii. pi. 94; and is known to grow in
mountainous situations m Italy, Hungary, and throughout middle Europe as far as Sweden aid Lapwwiilldd
bbeZasit's Z; t-h'is' i-fst , howe’ ver, re' pftu'"t“ed/ 'le ss' fvtfet®n omous“ thoaonr emiioagn yto o Lthienrd lsepye c“ihesa v”e been used to destroy
Ih a lictru n ya vu m of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain meadow-rue
0 / 0 :0 0 ; " £ « “ p ig " ;“ ” or “ peganon” (Prior), in Greece “ moulpia” (Fraas), in
crouZntr y, Its 0ste m as s%t■o u’ t "a"sf it h‘fatttt of r rHTTA NP Ol O NY g,r oawndin ogn a ictc ocorrdiianngd teor -Dlikioes cloeraivdeess ,c-hiise frlye fienr rtehde ohpeerne
bj Fraas . the thahektron is mentioned by Galen, and the “ thaliëtrôn” by Paulus Aegineta (Spren») •
i / r Z T T by Sibthorp, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. WesG
yard, the^ ,‘,L"Ltruum is described by Phny-xxvii. 113 as growing everywhere and having the stem
papaveris, but the^ remainder of his account seems chiefly taken from Dioscorides ; t ! flavum is
termed th. majus siliqua angulosa aut striata” by Tournefort inst. 270; and is known to grow in
P e r / U d l / ) ™ Northern Europe as far as Lapland (Linn. fl. lap,, fl. Dan. 0 . 939,
. , T T Lurope and Northern Asia. Possibly included in the account of Dioscondes
obseived by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus, but according to Fraas is confined in Greece to
subalpine summits Westward, is described by Tournefort inst. 271 ; is known to grow in Italy and
throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 732, Spreng., A. D ec,, and Lenz).
Delphinium tenuissimum of tlie East Mediterranean countries. The AeA<I> INION : e T Ë P O N
of D ioscondes, resembling the first kind but vvith much more slender leaves and brandies, and less
potent medicinal effects, — is referred here by Sprengel, and Fraas : D. tenuissimum is described by
G r e e Z observed by him, and Fraas, on the mountains of Attica and Southern
Leonlice chrysopnum of the East Mediterranean countries. The X PY C 0 T 0 N 0 N havin» according
to D ioscondes oak-hke leaves, its flower like coronary <5 A OM UU. and its black TO T TyA H -
like root red yvithm and employed against bites of MYPAA H the shrew-mouse. — is referred here by
writers : L. chrysogonum is termed “ leontopetalon foliis costæ simplici innascentibus ” by Tournefor!
cor. 49; was observed by Sibthorp near Abydos on the Hellespont; and by Rauwolf 119, in Syria.
mon IS jde‘nftti.®fie; df ti™n “tUhe SZyn. DZ ios c. fwt™it,h“ t/h™e “ ar“ila”r iao r” o“f tthhaes Rpionm” aonrs : “ Lôr. icgharnyôsong”o nour m“ iasr dkeôspchrdibiaeld-
by Morison 111. pl. 15 ; and was received by Barrelier pl. 1113 from Corvinus in Italy
Hypecoum procumbens of the Mediterranean countries. Called in German “ lappenblume ”
(G rieb): the Y D H KOO N or YH 0 * 6 I UU N growing according to Dioscorides in cultivated ground,
its leaves TT H P A N LU - like, and medicinal properties those of poppy-juice, — is referred here by writers :
H. procumbens was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in sand along the seashore of the Peloponnesus
and Greek islands. Farther South, the “ afikoon” is mentioned by Edrisi, and Ebn Baitar;
but “ H. patens” observed by Forskal p. 122, and Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt, is
given as a distinct species. Westward, the account of the “ hypecoon” by Pliny x.xvii. 68, seems
taken from Dioscorides; H. procumbens is described by Dodoens p. 449, and Lobel adv. p. 330; is
termed “ h. latiore fo lio ” by Tournefort inst. 230; was observed by myself on Malta; and is known
to occur in cultivated ground as far as France (Lam. fl. fr., and P ers.).
Corydalis claviculata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece “ hiônistra ”
from gi-owing on high mountains near melting snow (Fraas): the ICOTTYPON called according to
Dioscorides *A C I O A 0 N from its leaves in like manner terminating in a tendril, its numerous small
seeds tasting like those of M 6 AANGI UU, — is referred here by Sprengel, and Lindley: C. claviculata
was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in the Peloponnesus: and farther South, the
“ aschkun ” of Ebn Baitar is referred here by Sontheimer. Westward, the account of the “ isopyron ”
by Pliny xxvii. 70 seems taken from Dioscorides ; C. claviculata is termed “ f. claviculis donata foliis
latioribus” by Tournefort inst. 422; and is knovvn to grow in moist stony places throughout middle
Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 340, and P ers.).
Capparis? oblongifolia of Nubia and Yemen. Called in Yemen “ asal ” or “ redif” (Forsk.) ;
and the acrid KADTT A P I C raising pustules in the mouth and ulcerating the gums, brought according
to Dioscorides from Libya and the Red Sea, — is referred here conjecturally by Sprengel : C. oblongifolia
was observed by Forskal p. 99 and xcviii in Yemen, and is enumerated among “ fastiditæ et
nocivæ ” noxious plants.
Epimedium alpinum of middle Europe. Called in Britain barren-wort (Gerarde p. 3S9, and
Prior), in Italy “ epim edio” (Targ.), in which we recognize the e n iMHAION of D ioscorides,—
and Pliny xxvii. 53 : E. alpinum is figured in manuscript V of the Anglo-Saxon transl. D iosc. 163
(Harley and Cockayne) ; is described by Anguillara p. 253, Matthioli, Lobel (S p ren g); is termed
“ epimedium ” by Tournefort ; and is known to grow wild in shaded situations in Svvilzerland (Batsch,
and Pers.). Eastward, was-observed by Sibthorp in woods in tlie environs of Constantinople.
Lepidium draba of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ vrômôlahanôn” or
“ marôulaki:” the APABH described by Dioscorides as herbaceous, a cubit high, witli leaves
A € TT 1A I 0 Y-like but softer and whiter, and a terminal elder-like corymb of white flowers, the plant
cooked and eaten especially in Cappadocia, and the seed substituted for pepper in seasoning, — is
referred here by writers : the “ maroulia” is prescribed as esculent by Alexander Trallianus verm. 4,
and the “ marôullôspôrôn ” is mentioned by Maximus Planudae : L. draba was observed by Sibthorp,
Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in cultivated ground and along waysides from the Peloponnesus
throughout Greece; is known to occur also in Roumelia and as far as Caucasus (Griseb., Bieb., and
A. D ec.). Farther South, the “ hurf moscharki ” of Ebn Baitar is referred here by Sontheimer ; and
L. draba was observed by Delile along the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, is termed
“ 1. humile incanum arvense” by Tournefort inst. 216; is known to occur in situations more or less
wild in Italy and Sardinia (Bertoi., and Moris), and as a weed in cultivated ground in Spain and
middle Europe as far as Britain (Boissier, Pers., and Engl. bot. 2683).
Biscutella loevigata of the Mediterranean countries. The AAyCCON growing according to
Dioscorides in rough mountainous situations, single-stemmed and roughish vvith round leaves and
fruit like a double shield, the seed within flattish, and the plant emjiloyed among other medicinal purposes
against canine madness, — in the added Synonyms identified with the ‘‘aspithiôn” o r “ aplô-
phullôn ” or “ akkusëtôn ” or “ athësëtôn,” may be compared : B. lævigata was observed by Sibthorp
on Crete ; and farther South, the “ aalussun ” of Dioscorides, Galen, and Gafeki, is mentioned by Ebn
Baitar. Westward, B. lævigata is termed “ leucoium alyssoides umbellatum montanum” by Columna
ecphr. pl. 285 ; and is known to grow in Italy, Portugal, and as far as Germany and France (Scop.,
Brot., and Pers.).
Biscutella apula of the Mediterranean countries. Possibly included vvith the preceding by
Dioscorides : — observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Rhodes ; and farther
South, received by Jussieu from Egypt (D el.). Westward, is described by Columna ecphr. pl. 234;
is termed “ thlaspidium apulum spicatum ” by Tournefort inst. 215; and is known to grow in Italy
(P ers.).
Bunias erucago of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ agria goulia” (Fraa.s), in
which we recognize the ATPIA: r o r PYAH described by Dioscorides as growing in cultivated
ground, a cubit high, having smooth leaves, an involucred pod with an additional inner pod, and mixed
in preparations for cleansing the skin : — B. erucago vvas observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas,
in Southern Greece, frequent in cultivated ground. Westward, is termed “ erucago segetum ” by
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